درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

This research aims to identify the factors that influence the growth of cultural tourism in Iran and propose a corresponding model. Following the identification of these factors, a scenario is written to optimize their utilization. The research employs a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to achieve its objectives and finalize the factors. Semi-structured interviews are conducted with experts in the field. In the second phase, after the formal validity of the factors is confirmed, their fuzzy cognitive mapping and scenario are designed using the FCMapper and Pajek software programs. As the results show, the factor of “creating investment opportunities and attracting financial resources in the field of cultural tourism” is the most influential, while the factor of “providing diverse and creative services in Iran’s cultural tourism” is the most impressionable for the development of cultural tourism in Iran. In the task of scenario writing, it has been discovered that, by focusing on attracting financial resources, managers can enhance the infrastructure, create a context for interaction with other countries, identify new target markets, and offer creative services to Iranian cultural tourists through diverse tours. The findings can help stakeholders, managers, and policymakers in Iran’s tourism industry design and develop plans and strategies for the growth of Iran’s cultural tourism

Tourist development today, coupled with advancements in information and communication technology, has rendered the traditional tourism value chain inefficient. Certain segments of the chain lack functionality or exhibit very weak functionality, failing to create added value. Among these segments are distribution channels (intermediaries), often comprising tour guides and travel agencies. Today's tourists, within the paradigm of creative tourism, seek more than mere leisure; they aim to discover the unknown and gain unique experiences through interaction with the destination and local people. In this study, conducted using qualitative and ethnographic methods, involving deep interviews and participatory observation by the researcher during a trip to Western Europe organized by the MANZAR Society in 2015, a creative and research-oriented journey was undertaken. The author endeavors to identify the role of intermediaries (tour leaders) in this journey as a theoretical framework within a dynamic and creative unified system. This framework suggests that the role of tour leaders has evolved from its traditional state to encompass a system involving activities before, during, and after the journey. The details of each activity were identified and elucidated in this study. It is worth noting that this framework was validated through a two-stage Delphi method involving experts.

Bali tourism faced conflict with the local community because of the utilization and commodification of sacred and forest areas. The first sacred area conflict occurred in 1994, based on the use of the sacred land “Tanah Lot” become tourists resort namely Bali Nirvana Resort (BNR). Furthermore, this problem is presently observed in the utilization of mangrove forests for the international airport and LNG (liquefied natural gas) terminals, respectively. In these conflicts, all facilities are designed to support the increase in the inbound tourist visits and foreign investment. This growth of Bali tourism threatens the development of sustainable tourism, which concerned with environment, local communities and local economy, but spiritual tourism creates the conflict subsided due to the dependence of spiritual tourism on sacred areas, the environment, and local community resources. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of spiritual tourism in building sustainable economy based on the local wisdom of Bali Tri Hita Karana. Data were qualitatively analyzed and obtained from literature reviews, observations, and in-depth interviews. The results showed that spiritual tourism emphasized sacred areas, the surrounding natural environment, and local community assets. This dependence developed a mutually beneficial relationship, subsequently leading to the CSR of Spiritual Tourism. The CSR based on the local wisdom Tri Hita Karana which create harmonious between the local people, environment, and investment.

The current research mainly aims to investigate the effective factors in creating a food tourism brand in Shiraz. The statistical population includes all experts in the field of tourism and hotel management, food, cooking, and restaurant industry, and tourists, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. First, 13 factors were identified according to research literature. The identified factors were given to 10 selected experts who were aware of the desired criteria. Then, the relationships between these factors were determined using the fuzzy Dematel method, and the answer to the second question was also determined. The results showed that the factor of investment in the field of food tourism, and using new advertising tools in this field are the most important thing in creating a food tourism brand in Shiraz. The parameters of food quality and food authenticity are the most effective in this area. In addition, creating a good feeling towards the brand and advertising, in this field are among the most effective parameters, respectively. Food tourism branding issue is the most important issues that should be considered in Shiraz. In this regard, it is possible to identify the foods of Shiraz as intangible cultural heritage, bring them to the national register, prepare their files for global registration in UNESCO, and conduct cultural and political consultations so that the files should be presented at the international level.

This research studied the Damavand mountain as a unique geological phenomenon in Amol County, Mazandaran Province with a special view on its role in sustainable tourism development. The methodological process was based on: the inventory and preliminary selection of geosite, a semi-quantitative geosite assessment, and the application of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) matrix to establish geotourism development strategies within a sustainability framework. Based on studies done, Damavand mountain is a real geosite with high geo-touristic potential which include: water fall, hot spring, glacier,volcanic crater which are a geological heritage with outstanding scientific, cultural, touristic ,industrial,and educational values. According to the results of the IELIG method in this study, the geosite of Damavand has ‘very high’ interest values considering their scientific, academic, and tourist interests and has the necessary conditions for geotourism development. The SWOT analysis reveals that travel itineraries that combine cultural heritage elements and geosites could offer a real alternative for the region’s sustainable development through geotourism.

The purpose of research is to evaluate the ergonomics of sports equipment located in parks and public spaces in Tehran. For this purpose, 4 areas of Tehran municipality were selected as study sites and 2 parks and 2 recreation areas were selected from each. Three devices were evaluated. REBA technique was used for posture assessment and William Fine method was used for risk assessment.Three devices were evaluated. The REBA technique was used to assess posture and the William fine method was used to assess risk. The PMBOK, 2000 model was also used to provide risk reduction solutions. The results of the posture evaluation show that working with the Rotary ship rudder has a very high risk (the risk number is higher than 13). After that, the device "leg and underarm Press" has a high risk level (risk number 9). Finally, the "elliptical" device has an average risk level (risk number 6). rank and risk level of the sports equipment studied were evaluated based on 2 separate methods. results indicate that in both evaluation methods, the lowest level of risk assessed belonged to the elliptical device. But the results of the methods used differ between the highest risk levels assessed for the sports devices studied. So in the posture assessment method (REBA),ship's Rudder had the highest degree of risk, while according to the William fine assessment method, the leg and underarm Press showed the highest level of risk. General solutions for risk management include: aggressive, defensive, conservative and combined solutions.

Wellness tourism has become a growing market in the tourism industry, which has a high potential of development. Wellness tourism is tourists with motivations for acquiring health and wellbeing who choose a trip with awareness and reliance. As a result, wellness tourism starts on a trip to the outside and aims to improve the physical, mental, and social health; during the trip, the inside trip is formed and leads to identifying unifying with a creator. This study aims to investigate the role of wellness tourism in the spiritual health of the recreation-tourism village of Baghistan. This is qualitative, and its method is descriptive-analytical, in which the interviewing method with tourists has been used since Nov. 2023. After analyzing the qualitative method, the results of the study show that the positive impacts and positive personal feelings along with personal internal motivations are factors of wellness tourism which finally lead to spiritual health. Although wellbeing and journey are inseparable parts of the body, soul, and spirit, the component of self-knowledge, inner peace, allows the tourist to enjoy and satisfy with awareness of the trip, to touch more health, wellbeing, freshness, and integrity of the spiritual health dimensions.

Recreation centres worldwide serve as prominent attractions, offering visitors opportunities for relaxation and enjoyment. Within the continuously growing hospitality industry, there is significant potential for international investment and foreign exchange. This study delves into the cultural significance of Gurara Waterfalls by evaluating stakeholder feedback. Employing a quantitative research method, the study utilized a virtual survey to gather data from 170 inhabitants of the Minna-Abuja environs. The primary focus of the questionnaire was to unravel the intricate tapestry of visitors' experiences at Gurara Waterfalls. Through a meticulous analysis of prevalent issues, captivating features, and overall emotional responses, the aim was to investigate the untapped potentials of cultural tourism embedded in this natural wonder. The practical implications of user perceptions on Gurara Waterfall and its surrounding facilities are presented. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into the cultural connections surrounding Gurara Waterfalls, shedding light on opportunities for enhancing the visitor experience and unlocking the latent cultural tourism prospects associated with this captivating natural site. As a recommendation, further research should explore creative and innovative structures for Gurara Waterfalls and other Nigerian tourist destinations, aiming to create, sustain and increase cultural tourist interest and overall visitor satisfaction.

This study presents a significant contribution to the field of sustainable cultural tourism at world heritage sites, a crucial area in light of the World Tourism Organization's (WTO) projections for 2030. Employing a comprehensive and integrated approach, the research systematically synthesizes existing qualitative studies to address the question of sustainable development in this context. A rigorous meta-synthesis, following the methodology of Sandelowski and Barroso, was applied to 43 scientifically credible articles selected via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). This selection process ensured the inclusion of high-quality research. The study's major intellectual contribution is the development of a new paradigmatic model for understanding sustainable cultural tourism at world heritage sites. This model was constructed using Grounded Theory Strategy and Maxqda2020 software, facilitating a structured analysis and interpretation of the data. The model organizes 99 primary codes into 20 main and secondary categories, providing a comprehensive framework that encapsulates the core phenomena of the field. Moreover, the study's findings are further validated through the use of Cohen's kappa Coefficient in SPSS, achieving a score of 0.714, which experts have confirmed. This statistical validation underscores the reliability of the research outcomes. Overall, this study not only synthesizes a wide range of existing qualitative research but also advances the field by offering a novel model and ensuring the reliability of its findings. These contributions are particularly relevant for policy makers and practitioners focused on the sustainable development of tourism, especially in the context of preserving cultural heritage at world heritage sites.

The visitors visit the museums with different motivations. Since, motivation is prerequisite for decision-making and choice of destination, the motivation and needs of different visitors should be investigated effectively and efficiently. In addition, move towards the visitor motivation and needs can follow visitor satisfaction and increasing the number of visitors. Current research aims to identify the motivation of Isfahan Constitutional Museum visitors and compare it with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Descriptive statistics and a qualitative method with the help of MAXQDA software were used to examine the research question, and the data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. The convenience sampling was used to collect data. The data reached the saturation point in interview number 40. The results illustrated that self-actualization needs are the first motivation for visiting the museum, which is divided into eleven open codes as visiting historical places and increasing historical information, learning, and interest, familiarity with the constitutional history and its events, interest in learning about the country's history, increasing historical information, taking photos, enjoying the architecture of the museum building and learning about it, academic research about the most influential people in the constitutional revolution, touching, feeling, smelling, and sensing history of Iran, familiarity with celebrities and characters of the museum, acquaintance with the biography of Haj Aqa Nourollah. Social needs were another motivation for visiting the museum. In addition, the need for safety and security was the last but not the least need that attracted the visitors to the museum.