Tourism and Hospitality Research (IJTHR)

This research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of social factors on the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship in Dezful tourism villages. This research is a descriptive-correlation type that was conducted using a survey method. Residents of tourism villages of Dezful constitute the statistical population of this research, based on the Cochrane formula and the use of stratified random sampling, 381 households were selected as the research sample.The main tool of this research is a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability were tested and confirmed. In order to analyze data and test research hypotheses, structural equation modeling with partial least squares approach and PLS Smart software have been used. The findings showed that networking in the village, social participation, education and information, social capital and tourism capacities explain a total of 62.5% of the changes related to the rural ecotourism entrepreneurship. From this research, it can be concluded that social factors are always effective in the growth or retardation of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship according to their collective and cultural potential, and along with economic, historical, cultural and political factors, they can help the development of rural ecotourism entrepreneurship

Due to the importance of accurate tourism demand estimation, the evaluation of estimating approaches is still ongoing. To address this challenge, the current study aimed to present a novel estimation statistical approach for modifying ARIMA to compare with two most prominent soft computing approaches, ANN and SVM. ARIMAadj is the modified ARIMA seasonal adjustment that declares a potential replacement to conventional ARIMA. Current study investigated the accuracy of seasonal adjustment on conventional ARIMA and compared its accuracy with ANN and SVM in estimating tourist demand of Asian countries to South Korea. The results show that the modified ARIMA outperform the soft computing approaches for tourism demand estimation accuracy of five out of six source Asian countries. Therefore, it could be concluded although there is no optimal approach to estimate tourist arrivals with certainty, the findings of this study show that the seasonal adjustment in ARIMA would be a worthwhile model to estimate tourism demand of Asian countries.

This study is to identify the potential of tourism in areas that According to weaknesses of usual methods, the Discriminant analysis approach was used for this purpose. A method for combining the independent variables, to create a new variable that can be obtained using different variations. In order to have criteria for comparison, six another tourism regional information, entered in the analysis and differences between study areas examined. The dependent variable of this study is the planar variable of regions, in both tourist attraction areas and areas with tourism potential have been diagnosed. This method shows combines two or more independent variables that best explain the difference between two or more groups. The results showed that 25 variables of 33 study variables have no significant effect in attracting tourists and rate of them in control areas and areas of study were identical. Also, the 53.414 for detection indicator (between 0 to 100) was estimated tourist areas and areas with potential for tourism that is obtained from 8 variables of the notification, Reputation, awareness of people from regional, tourism service availability, quality of access reads, the route map existence, access to water for washing and access to drinking water. As results, four of the five target area has the potential for tourism.

This research studied the Damavand mountain as a unique geological phenomenon in Amol County, Mazandaran Province with a special view on its role in sustainable tourism development. The methodological process was based on: the inventory and preliminary selection of geosite, a semi-quantitative geosite assessment, and the application of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) matrix to establish geotourism development strategies within a sustainability framework. Based on studies done, Damavand mountain is a real geosite with high geo-touristic potential which include: water fall, hot spring, glacier,volcanic crater which are a geological heritage with outstanding scientific, cultural, touristic ,industrial,and educational values. According to the results of the IELIG method in this study, the geosite of Damavand has ‘very high’ interest values considering their scientific, academic, and tourist interests and has the necessary conditions for geotourism development. The SWOT analysis reveals that travel itineraries that combine cultural heritage elements and geosites could offer a real alternative for the region’s sustainable development through geotourism.

In today's world, rural tourism is one of the most important parts of economic activities. This essential economic activity has been considered from different perspectives. Some consider it as a part of the tourism market and some consider it as a policy for rural development. The question is, what role and effect does rural tourism have in rural development? In the last decade of the 20th century, many socio-economic planners in European countries have introduced tourism as a reliable method with an evident vision for the development of villages, especially the most deprived ones. The nature of the tourism industry is to create employment and income, diversify the economy, social participation and use local resources. Most of the problems of backwardness and underdevelopment of villages are due to the lack of this industry rural tourism can help rural development by solving the above problems. Therefore, according to the importance of the topic, in this research, the consequences and challenges of rural tourism in rural areas are investigated.

The purpose of research is to evaluate the ergonomics of sports equipment located in parks and public spaces in Tehran. For this purpose, 4 areas of Tehran municipality were selected as study sites and 2 parks and 2 recreation areas were selected from each. Three devices were evaluated. REBA technique was used for posture assessment and William Fine method was used for risk assessment.Three devices were evaluated. The REBA technique was used to assess posture and the William fine method was used to assess risk. The PMBOK, 2000 model was also used to provide risk reduction solutions. The results of the posture evaluation show that working with the Rotary ship rudder has a very high risk (the risk number is higher than 13). After that, the device "leg and underarm Press" has a high risk level (risk number 9). Finally, the "elliptical" device has an average risk level (risk number 6). rank and risk level of the sports equipment studied were evaluated based on 2 separate methods. results indicate that in both evaluation methods, the lowest level of risk assessed belonged to the elliptical device. But the results of the methods used differ between the highest risk levels assessed for the sports devices studied. So in the posture assessment method (REBA),ship's Rudder had the highest degree of risk, while according to the William fine assessment method, the leg and underarm Press showed the highest level of risk. General solutions for risk management include: aggressive, defensive, conservative and combined solutions.

Method: It was conducted in a mixed quantitative and qualitative manner using the safety checklist of the environment according to the elmeri method and the researcher-made questionnaire of safety and sports tourism. distributed and collected by 100 sports tourists who were selected by Morgan's table as a simple random sample of 80 people. The data were entered in Smart Pls3 structural equation software to implement the research model. Findings: The results of the elmeri index regarding environmental safety showed that the component of safety behaviors with 93.5%, the component of cleanliness and order with 89%, the paths of passage with 87% and the component of fire and first aid with 75% have status were desirable Also, the opinion of tourists regarding the safety components of the environment showed that the component of first aid with the route coefficient of 63% and the t value (4.775) had the greatest impact in attracting tourism to sports venues. Also, the components of order and safety behaviors, according to tourists, did not have much effect on attracting tourism, P<0.05. Conclusion: The safety condition of the Tehran Revolution sports complex was in a favorable condition, therefore it provides a suitable platform for holding sports events and holding international seminars and conferences in order to attract sports tourism. Therefore, the managers of the sports facilities of Tehran's Enghelab Complex should take steps to improve the infrastructure and sports facilities in order to attract sports tourists.

The aim of this research is to measure the quality of environmental health of recreational and natural sports swimming pools with a risk management approach in Gilan Province. The study was descriptive - cross-sectional, and three selected sites were sampled. Microbial parameters, temperature and PH were measured. Microbial tests were carried out according to national standards in the laboratory. It was used to analyze data from standard tables related to pollutants and compare them to existing data. SPSS software was used to analyze data from experiments. Two William fine quantitative methods and the risk assessment table technique were used to assess risk. The results showed that the burden of microbial contamination in the Anzali swamp was higher than other sites. In other words, the most polluted sites in Gilan Province were the Anzali wetland, the Kiasar wetland and, at the end, the eyeglass wetland, respectively. Also, the average number of total cliform and cliform, respectively 375 and 109 MPN in 100 ml of samples, and Enterococcus of the rivers 7/17 CFU in 100 ml of samples were observed. The average pH was 89/7, which is within the standard range. On the other hand, the average water temperature measured in these natural swimming pools is 4/25 degrees Celsius, which is within the standard range. It was found that the type of risk "outstanding", the level of aspect "ultimate" and the control required were "appropriate control action and the necessity of corrective action".