Creativity

This research studied the creativity in Persian translation of The Remains of the Day by Najaf Daryabandari and the influence of creativity on a more successful literary translation. To this end, Schjoldager (2008) and Holst (2010) models were introduced and definitions of the micro-strategies and macro-strategies of these models were presented. The main questions with regard to the purpose of the study were whether the Persian translation of this novel is creative and whether creativity is influential in a more successful literary translation. In this study, the translator's creativity was studied through examples that were obtained by means of comparative analysis of the source and target texts as well as features defined in the eight creative micro-strategies of the Holst model. In addition, the features of translated text in terms of using Qajar prose were considered the macro-strategy, which was adopted by the translator. The findings of the study were as follows: The Persian translation of The Remains of the Day by the translator, Najaf Daryabandari, was a creative translation. In the research process, it could be inferred that the translator was able to present a successful literary translation in a meaningful and tactile manner in the target language by using creativity and by comparing and understanding the similarities of the nineteenth century classic English and Qajar dialects. Among extracted samples in this study, the most frequent one was the micro-strategy of adaptation, which was one of the most creative micro-strategies of the Holst model.

In recent years, scientists have concluded that the outstanding position of successful businesses depend greatly on intangible but strong factors like spirit, potential, creativity and their organizational culture together with their beliefs and values. Relying on these two powerful factors of organizational development, an organization could open up its wings over mountains of prosperity. Recent studies along with many other historical ones have demonstrated that these two factors are among the main factors moving an organization forward. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the relationship between organizational culture and creativity in nurses working in Amir al-Momenin and Shahid Beheshti Hospitals of Maragheh. This descriptive correlation study was conducted in a statistical population covering all nurses working in these two hospitals from among which, according to Morgan table, a decent statistical sample were selected and the questionnaire was randomly distributed among them. The data for the study were collected through Denson’s standard organizational culture inventory and standard creativity questionnaire both of which were verified for their reliability and validity. The collected data were analyzed using regression test and the Pearson and Spearman coefficients. Results revealed that there is a significant and positive relationship between organizational culture and its dimensions including commitment to cooperation, compatibility, assignments and conformity with creativity in nurses working in Amir al-Momenin and Shahid Beheshti hospitals of Maragheh.

This paper aims to critically analyze the implications of the new managerialism in the public service through ethical, democratic and professional values. It assumes the contradictions between the values that seek to promote the public service under the model of managerialism and the reality of its implementation. The method used is analytical-descriptive-normative from the critical perspective of the parallel developments of managerialism and public service. The theoretical and methodological framework that serves as a reference for this critical analysis is provided by the theories of organizational economics and public choice. The discussion concludes that there is a necessary conflict between ethical, democratic and professional values of these new organizational forms promoted by managerialism through the theories of economics and organizational public choice and traditional values of public service.

Considering the paucity of self-studies exploring English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' journeys into becoming a creative teacher, in this qualitative action research, a mainstream Iranian teacher-researcher narrates the changes and challenges she observed while planning her creative classroom practices, implementing, and reflecting on them. While she experienced changes like going beyond the textbook, becoming a caring observer, and becoming a moment catcher, she faced constraining challenges like overcoming inner fears, showing (non)-compliance with institutional rules, and coping with situations when things did not turn out as expected. Such an insider view of teacher creativity reiterates that creativity needs to be considered not just as a set of techniques and procedures to be mastered but as an ongoing passion for renovation which should be cultivated over time despite existing constraints.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of creativity on performance with the mediating role of knowledge sharing in sports federations. Method: This field study was a descriptive-correlative research and a practical one. The research population consisted of all presidents, vice presidents, general secretaries, committee managers and experts in 51 sport federations (N=780), and 267 subjects were studied through stratified random sampling approach that was consistent to recommended sample by Krejcie & Morgan table. The research tools were adopted from the existing literature to collect the data. The reliability of the research tools were confirmed according to Cronbach’s alpha. Face, content, and construct validity were used to evaluate the validity of the research tools. To test the research hypotheses, structural equation modeling was conducted by applying Smart PLS. Results: The findings demonstrated that "Creativity" had a positive and significant effect on "Performance", as well as "Knowledge sharing". Moreover, "Knowledge sharing "had a positive and significant effect on "Performance". The results also showed that "Knowledge sharing" mediate the relationship between "Creativity", and "Performance "in sport federations. Conclusions: The findings of this study, with emphasis on the role of creativity and knowledge sharing in improving the performance, can be regarded as a platform for enhancing the performance of sports federations. Creativity and knowledge sharing can play a significant role in empowering the human capital that ultimately result in performance development.

The purpose of this study was to determine the potential power of teaching using urban simulation software such as the SimCity computer game for educating master’s students at Iranian Universities. This quasi-experimental study was conducted considering two groups: one control group and one experimental group, including a pre-test and a post-test design. The sample of the study consisted of 60 students of three public universities of Art (Tehran, Isfahan, and Yazd) in 2017-2018. Thirty master’s students in urban planning and urban design were selected from the population using a random sampling method and were randomly divided into two groups: one experimental group and one control group (30 participants in each). The pre-test and the post-test included the Torrance test in creativity with Abedi's questionnaire and the open-ended and close-ended "workshop course learning skills" questionnaires were distributed in both groups. The experimental group was trained by the SimCity computer game, while the control group received normal classroom training. The pre-test and post-test results were analyzed using the IBM SPSS, and the inferential statistics in the form of the Pearson correlation, the Analysis of Covariance, and independent samples t-test were investigated. Findings showed that the SimCity positively improved the participants’ skills of learning workshop courses in the aforesaid fields, and increased their overall scores. Regarding the components of the learning skills in this course, it improved problem-solving and the planning skills of the students. However, the status of these components did not considerably improve the creativity and systems thinking of postgraduate students.

This research has been designed and implemented with the aim of determining the arbitrariness of thinking styles with creativity, orientation Tendency to innovation and academic motivation in students. The research method was descriptive-correlational and the sample consisted of 309 undergraduate students in the department of Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, which was selected by stratified random sampling method. They are in this research, we used the Sternberg-Wagner thinking styles questionnaire to determine the style of thinking and also to assess the creativity of Randsip's standardized questionnaire. To determine the tendency for innovation, a researcher-made questionnaire with Likert's comparison and also to assess the degree of academic motivation The standard questionnaire (Valerand) has been used. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistical methods including mean, mean, faces, variance, standard deviation, tables and graphs of inferential statistics including multivariate regression. The results of the research show that there is a significant relationship between the modes of thinking, external, exequatur, legislator, individualist, jirgas, conservative, informal, conservative, there is no positive and significant relationship between creativity and open mindedness of secretary, internal, general, and versatility. There is also a positive and significant relationship between all styles of thinking with tendency to innovation. With educational motivation, there was a significant relationship between general and supportive thinking styles, while in other styles there was no meaningful relationship with academic motivation. Based on this, it is suggested to guide and encourage students to pay attention Creativity and innovation, as well as academic motivation in universities and educational institutions, should be designed and implemented in accordance with the type and style of thinking of students. Also, the creativity of innovation and motivation for exploitation in the environments based on these components is maximized.

Abstract Purpose: Smart schools are schools equipped with electronic devices and advanced technology where innovative and new way of learning is taught by processing data and communication within the context of suitable curriculum. Methodology: The basis of current research has been designed to compare the effectiveness of developing creativity between two groups of female high schoolers attending smart schools versus female students attending non-smart schools. Furthermore, all the female subjects were attending 3rd grade which is equivalent of 11th grade students worldwide. The method utilized in this research is the comparison evaluation type. The statistical society of research subjects included female high schoolers of Tehran’s District 8 which encompasses of 10 public schools, 6 non-public or private schools, and one smart high school, with the total population of 1020 in which 300 students were selected by classified random method as the sample group of research. The mentioned random groups were selected from all above-mentioned schools accordingly to their populations. Initially, in order to assess the level of creativity, part A of the Torrance test was given to all subjects at the beginning of the school –year. Part B of the same test was given at the conclusion of the school-year. Finding: The yielding outcome of both tests were analyzed with T test, variance method, and Schaffer's follow-up test final and total assessment and evaluation of all the results a conclusion was reached indicating that the type of smart or non-smart schools had no effect in developing and advancing creativity. Discussion: However, the dual comparison between private and public schools demonstrated a real and factual significant differences with respect to developing creativity. This fact implies that private high schools are more equipped and suited to develop creativity.

Purpose: Entrepreneurship culture needs to have a favorable environment for innovation and creative responsiveness to environmental needs. Entrepreneurial culture emphasizes identifying, supporting, and developing creative talents. The prevalence of this kind of culture makes universities, in their confrontation with the threats of competitors, the innovation, creativity, and risk-taking to exploit the opportunities necessary. Creativity is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon that affects a variety of factors. These factors may be a specific environmental or cultural force in an organization seeking to create value and prosperity. Methodology: The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship The dimensions of entrepreneurial organizational culture and creativity are in the faculty of Tehran University. The research method used is a descriptive method from the survey branch. For this purpose, a sample of 262 faculty members from the colleges of Tehran University was selected and studied using the Cochran formula. To collect information, McGuire's Entrepreneurial Organizational Culture Dimensions Questionnaire (2003) and Islan Powell's Creativity and Innovation Scale (2006) were used. Pearson correlation test and linear regression models were used to investigate the existence of this relationship. Findings: The results of the research show that in women, only the effect of recreation and entertainment has been significant on the creativity of professors. And in men, the effect of recreation, hobbies, and communication on the creativity of professors has been meaningful. Discussion: The impact of other areas of organizational culture on the creativity of professors in male and female teachers was not meaningful.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate media literacy on creativity skills, critical thinking and problem-solving skills of sixth-grade students. Methodology: The statistical population of the present study was all sixth-grade students of non-profit schools in Tehran in the academic year of 2018-2019 whom 206 girls (from the population of 5056 people) and 163 boys (from the population of 4002 people) were selected as the cluster sampling method. The Simone Questionnaire (2017) was used to measure media literacy, the Harris Questionnaire (2016) was used to creativity, the Sarigoz Questionnaire (2012) was used to measure critical thinking and the Sirait Questionnaire (2017) was used to measure problem-solving skills. For data analysis, data analysis method of structural equation technique was used and using LISREL and SPSS software at a significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that media literacy affected the development of creativity, critical thinking and problem solving skills and these effects were not significantly different in the two groups of girls and boys. Also, the mediating role of critical thinking in the effect of media literacy on creativity and the mediating role of creativity in the effect of media literacy on problem solving skills in boys was stronger than in girls (P <0.001). Conclusion: Based on the research findings, it can be acknowledged that media literacy of students can improve problem-solving skills, creativity and critical thinking.

Purpose: The aim of this research was predicting social skills in single child adolescents based on attachment styles and creativity with mediating role of moral intelligence. Methodology: This was a cross-sectional study from type of correlation. The research population was 3957 single child adolescent students in areas one to three of Tehran city in 2019-2020 academic years. Based on Cochran's formula, the sample size was estimated 350 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data used from the questionnaires of social skills (Inderbitzen & Foster, 1992), attachment styles (Hazan & Shaver, 1987), creativity (Torrance, 1992) and moral intelligence (Lennick & Kiel, 2005). Data were analyzed by structural equation modeling method from type of path analysis in LISREL software version 8.8. Findings: The findings showed that secure attachment and creativity had a direct and significant effect on moral intelligence and social skills, avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachments had a direct and significant effect on moral intelligence and social skills and moral intelligence had a direct and significant effect on social skills. Also, secure, insecure avoidant and insecure ambivalent attachments, avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachments and creativity with mediating role of moral intelligence had an indirect and significant effect on social skills (P<0.05). The model had a good fit and moral intelligence was a good mediator between attachment styles and creativity with social skills. Conclusion: According to the results, to improve social skills can be increased the rate of secure attachment style, creativity and moral intelligence and decreased the rate of avoidant and ambivalent insecure attachment styles.

Purpose: The main purpose of this study was to develop a model of factors affecting students' creativity and to evaluate its validity. Methodology: The research design was an exploratory (qualitative-quantitative) mix. In the qualitative part of the target population, all teachers of the sixth grade of elementary school in the 5th district of Tehran and professors of psychology and educational sciences were prestigious universities in the country, which were selected by purposive sampling of 10 teachers and 10 specialists. In a small part of the population considered in this study, all female primary school students in the sixth grade of the 5th district of Tehran in the year 1998-97, 350 of them were selected as a sample and in random clusters. In the qualitative part of the research, a semi-structured interview was used to obtain information and in the quantitative part, a researcher-made questionnaire was used. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed. Factors with very minor changes in exploratory and confirmatory factor analyze using LISREL software and SPSS / 26 were accepted. Findings: The research findings showed that seven main factors namely students' interests and abilities, teacher characteristics, textbook content, learning style, educational space and school facilities, family and management style and principals' attitudes are effective in students' creativity. Conclusion: In general, since the first step in upgrading and improving any structures is to identify the factors affecting it, the findings of the present study help to develop theories of creativity, design of educational interventions, and general policies.

Architectural education requires efficient methods to demonstrate its efficiency to meet the quantitative and qualitative needs derived from modern socio-economic development. In architectural education, the ability to design is an essential part and the main goal of education. Looking at the various methods and patterns related to architectural education and the type and content of instruction in architecture, one can observe the necessity of choosing or designing a model of thinking to teach skilled courses, including practical workshops in schools of architecture, institutions, and colleges. In this study, the relationship between emotional intelligence and creativity has been examined. Depending on the educational system structure, this examination can improve the educational infrastructure, because the main function of the educational system is self-awareness of students regarding their personality. Students, by recognizing multiple intelligences, can gain the necessary confidence to be creative and self-fulfilling. Although less attention has been paid to identifying and developing creativity in our education system, it is necessary to scrutinize the processes of emotional intelligence and creativity and to examine the effective factors. In the present study, the standard tools for measuring and collecting information, were the Torrance Creativity Questionnaire Test, Gardner's Multiple Intelligence Test, and the Academic Improvement Test before and after training. In order to analyze the data and test the hypothesis, the methods used were Delphi's expert method, correlation test, covariance, and T-test in SPSS software. 

Purpose : The objective of this study was to compare effectiveness of reverse and cooperative learning methods on creativity and academic self-efficacy of female senior high school students. Methodology : This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design and the control group. The study population consisted of female senior high school students in Ahvaz during the academic year 2019-2020. The research sample was 90 people who were randomly selected from three classes of a school and two classes were selected as experimental groups (reverse and cooperative learning) and a class was selected as a control group. Each experimental group was trained in 10 sessions of 75 min by reverse and cooperative learning methods and the control group received no training. The research tools were Abedi (1993) Creativity Test Questionnaire and Morgan-Jinks (1999) Student Efficacy Scale. The data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test using SPSS-22 software. Findings : The study results showed that experimental and control groups were significantly different in terms of creativity and academic self-efficacy (P <0.05). In other words, reverse and cooperative learning methods increased creativity and academic self-efficacy compared to the control group (P <0.05), but no significant difference was found between them in terms of creativity and academic self-efficacy (P> 0.05). Conclusion : Regarding the effectiveness of both learning methods and no significant difference between them, both reverse and cooperative learning methods can be used to increase creativity and academic self-efficacy.

The work of architecture is believed to depend on the governing thought in the process of architectural designing. This thought can be analyzed, developed, experienced, and interpreted. Creativity is the only domineering force in the idea of designing which is in quest for freeing architecture from the routine methods, and also finding the novel systems to answer the questions in architecture. Therefore, a special fixed and stable place is considered for creativity. However, the background and history of research and clash of ideas in recent years explains for the change in reconsidering the general ideas, and interpretations on creativity in the process of designing. Today, the approach that considers the process of designing an outcome of responding to the demand on creativity in architecture through logical and analytic methods is no longer credited. Instead, the process of designing is considered in a creative and intuitive way which is metaphysical rather than argumentative. This change in attitude and the relevant interpretations have introduced clear evidence; however, there remain many questions involving the identity and quality of the creative occurrences in the process of designing. Therefore, the intuitive approaches and interpretations about creativity have been so over generalized and complicated that have left a lot of obscurities behind. This article is an attempt to respond to some of these questions by identifying the ways the intuitive creativity occurs and also to present a descriptive stream in the emergence of creativity which means creating ideas only happen according to intuition.

Despite the availability of extensive facilities for children, the effect of environment on creativity of children is often ignored. It is a fact that children can attend the playgrounds in city parks, independently, from age 6, therefore they become exposed to influence of the environment during this age period. It is necessary to design playgrounds for children to improve their creativity. The objective here is to assess the effects of physical components of the playgrounds in city parks on creativity of children of ages 6 to 12. A descriptive- analytic method is adopted in this study. This method is adopted to achieve the theoretical perspectives and correlations between the variables and indices, through analysis. At this stage, the data are collected from a selected statistical population through field research and closed response researcher designed questionnaire and the effective variables are determined by factor analysis and correlation. By applying path analysis method using of Smart PLS1 software program based on the relations between the variables, the study model is provided. The results indicate that there exists a significant correlation between the environmental factors and creativity and regarding the rate of effectiveness of the physical factors on creativity, the variety factor is more effective, followed by physical liveliness and flexibility factors, respectively.

خلاقیت به یکی از موضوعات داغ در زمینه رشد کودکان تبدیل شده و در مطالعات روانشناسی و طراحی محیطی ویژه ویژه یافته شده است. تحقیقات بر روی محیط کودک بر رشد خلاقیت او وجود دارد. بنابراین هدف اصلی این پژوهش بررسی رابطه بین خلاق و محیط آموزشی کودکان 2 تا 10 ساله و شناسایی و تبیین مولفه های محیطی برای خلاقیت با محیطی است که بر اساس ساختار جسمی و روانی کودک و نیاز به استفاده از محیط معماری است. است. پژوهش کیفی حاضر با استفاده از روش اکتشافی و تحلیل کیفی، تغییرات اساسی در تحقیقات مربوط به رابطه محیط و خلاقیت کودکان را شناسایی کرده و سعی کرده است با استدلال منطقی به بررسی و جمع بندی روابط بین آنها بپردازد. از آنجایی که نتایج این پژوهش بر اساس تحلیل تحلیلی بر اساس نظریه ها و نتایج تحقیقات قبلی است، می توان آن را یک فراتحلیل کیفی تلقی کرد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می دهد که محیط با ویژگی هایی مانند جامعه پذیری، احساس فضا، حس پذیری، تنوع و پیچیدگی، امنیت، حرکت، خوانایی و ارتباط با طبیعت در افزایش خلاقیت کودکان خلاق است. همچنین اگر محیط آموزشی به گونه ای طراحی شود که اصول روانشناسی محیطی مرتبط با وضعیت جسمی و روانی کودک رعایت شود.

Notwithstanding all of the advances in language learning strategy research, there are still some areas that strategy scholars have overlooked. The dearth of research into grammar learning strategies (GLS) may be the most egregious instance of this neglect. In order for this type of research to gain momentum, the present article reports on research that sought to identify whether there was any relationship between advanced EFL learners’ creativity and their grammar learning strategy use. It also sought to find if male and female advanced EFL learners were different in terms of grammar learning strategy use. To this end, 69 Iranian advanced EFL learners (30 males and 39 females) selected through convenience sampling participated in this study. Data were collected through Creativity and Grammar Learning Strategy Questionnaires. The Pearson product-moment correlation analysis and the independent samples -test were used to analyze the data. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between Iranian advanced EFL learners’ creativity and their grammar learning strategy use. In addition, the findings demonstrated that female learners employed the grammar learning strategy more than male learners. Finally, pedagogical implications of the study for language teachers, learners, educational policymakers, and curriculum developers were presented.      

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of motivational models on creativity and self-worth and commitment to school as ethical factors in female high school students in Ahvaz. Method: The type of research was based on the purpose of the experimental field research method of pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population of this study includes all female high school students in Ahvaz who were studying in the 99-98 academic year. The sampling method was multi-stage. One hundred twenty participants were selected as a sample group. Data collection tool included a questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that the differences between the group of motivational models and the control group were 41.67 in self-worth, 9.94 in commitment to school and 11.34 in creativity, which were significant at all levels of 0.005. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be inferred that intervention programs related to motivational patterns can lead to increased levels of creativity, as well as ethical components such as a sense of self-worth and self-importance and commitment to the school. Article number: 59