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The current study aims and issues to investigate and interpret the relationship between cultural heritage tourism and intergenerational social mobility in the Hawraman region of Iran. Due to the conditions and requirements of the research, a mixed-method design has been selected to conduct the study. In the first phase of the research, a survey on the impact of heritage tourism on intergenerational mobility in the Hawraman region was conducted among 354 local community members. Using SPSS software, the data from this section were analyzed. Then, a grounded theory approach was employed to fulfill the aims of the research's second phase. Here, the required data was obtained from 17 "in-depth and free interviews" with native participants whose businesses were related to heritage tourism. The findings in the first part of the research show a significant correlation between heritage tourism as the independent variable and social mobility as the dependent variable. In the second part, 33 sub-categories and 12 major categories related to the impact of heritage tourism on social mobility were identified. The results indicate that heritage tourism has transformed the local economy in a way that has led to the social mobility of the current generation. This study has some useful implications both for policymakers and researchers to have a better image of heritage tourism establishments, their requirements, and impacts in the Hawraman region of Kurdistan province of Iran.

Due to the importance of accurate tourism demand estimation, the evaluation of estimating approaches is still ongoing. To address this challenge, the current study aimed to present a novel estimation statistical approach for modifying ARIMA to compare with two most prominent soft computing approaches, ANN and SVM. ARIMAadj is the modified ARIMA seasonal adjustment that declares a potential replacement to conventional ARIMA. Current study investigated the accuracy of seasonal adjustment on conventional ARIMA and compared its accuracy with ANN and SVM in estimating tourist demand of Asian countries to South Korea. The results show that the modified ARIMA outperform the soft computing approaches for tourism demand estimation accuracy of five out of six source Asian countries. Therefore, it could be concluded although there is no optimal approach to estimate tourist arrivals with certainty, the findings of this study show that the seasonal adjustment in ARIMA would be a worthwhile model to estimate tourism demand of Asian countries.

Bali tourism faced conflict with the local community because of the utilization and commodification of sacred and forest areas. The first sacred area conflict occurred in 1994, based on the use of the sacred land “Tanah Lot” become tourists resort namely Bali Nirvana Resort (BNR). Furthermore, this problem is presently observed in the utilization of mangrove forests for the international airport and LNG (liquefied natural gas) terminals, respectively. In these conflicts, all facilities are designed to support the increase in the inbound tourist visits and foreign investment. This growth of Bali tourism threatens the development of sustainable tourism, which concerned with environment, local communities and local economy, but spiritual tourism creates the conflict subsided due to the dependence of spiritual tourism on sacred areas, the environment, and local community resources. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of spiritual tourism in building sustainable economy based on the local wisdom of Bali Tri Hita Karana. Data were qualitatively analyzed and obtained from literature reviews, observations, and in-depth interviews. The results showed that spiritual tourism emphasized sacred areas, the surrounding natural environment, and local community assets. This dependence developed a mutually beneficial relationship, subsequently leading to the CSR of Spiritual Tourism. The CSR based on the local wisdom Tri Hita Karana which create harmonious between the local people, environment, and investment.

The current research mainly aims to investigate the effective factors in creating a food tourism brand in Shiraz. The statistical population includes all experts in the field of tourism and hotel management, food, cooking, and restaurant industry, and tourists, who were selected using the purposeful sampling method. First, 13 factors were identified according to research literature. The identified factors were given to 10 selected experts who were aware of the desired criteria. Then, the relationships between these factors were determined using the fuzzy Dematel method, and the answer to the second question was also determined. The results showed that the factor of investment in the field of food tourism, and using new advertising tools in this field are the most important thing in creating a food tourism brand in Shiraz. The parameters of food quality and food authenticity are the most effective in this area. In addition, creating a good feeling towards the brand and advertising, in this field are among the most effective parameters, respectively. Food tourism branding issue is the most important issues that should be considered in Shiraz. In this regard, it is possible to identify the foods of Shiraz as intangible cultural heritage, bring them to the national register, prepare their files for global registration in UNESCO, and conduct cultural and political consultations so that the files should be presented at the international level.

The visitors visit the museums with different motivations. Since, motivation is prerequisite for decision-making and choice of destination, the motivation and needs of different visitors should be investigated effectively and efficiently. In addition, move towards the visitor motivation and needs can follow visitor satisfaction and increasing the number of visitors. Current research aims to identify the motivation of Isfahan Constitutional Museum visitors and compare it with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. Descriptive statistics and a qualitative method with the help of MAXQDA software were used to examine the research question, and the data was gathered through semi-structured interviews. The convenience sampling was used to collect data. The data reached the saturation point in interview number 40. The results illustrated that self-actualization needs are the first motivation for visiting the museum, which is divided into eleven open codes as visiting historical places and increasing historical information, learning, and interest, familiarity with the constitutional history and its events, interest in learning about the country's history, increasing historical information, taking photos, enjoying the architecture of the museum building and learning about it, academic research about the most influential people in the constitutional revolution, touching, feeling, smelling, and sensing history of Iran, familiarity with celebrities and characters of the museum, acquaintance with the biography of Haj Aqa Nourollah. Social needs were another motivation for visiting the museum. In addition, the need for safety and security was the last but not the least need that attracted the visitors to the museum.

This research studied the Damavand mountain as a unique geological phenomenon in Amol County, Mazandaran Province with a special view on its role in sustainable tourism development. The methodological process was based on: the inventory and preliminary selection of geosite, a semi-quantitative geosite assessment, and the application of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats (SWOT) matrix to establish geotourism development strategies within a sustainability framework. Based on studies done, Damavand mountain is a real geosite with high geo-touristic potential which include: water fall, hot spring, glacier,volcanic crater which are a geological heritage with outstanding scientific, cultural, touristic ,industrial,and educational values. According to the results of the IELIG method in this study, the geosite of Damavand has ‘very high’ interest values considering their scientific, academic, and tourist interests and has the necessary conditions for geotourism development. The SWOT analysis reveals that travel itineraries that combine cultural heritage elements and geosites could offer a real alternative for the region’s sustainable development through geotourism.

Recreation centres worldwide serve as prominent attractions, offering visitors opportunities for relaxation and enjoyment. Within the continuously growing hospitality industry, there is significant potential for international investment and foreign exchange. This study delves into the cultural significance of Gurara Waterfalls by evaluating stakeholder feedback. Employing a quantitative research method, the study utilized a virtual survey to gather data from 170 inhabitants of the Minna-Abuja environs. The primary focus of the questionnaire was to unravel the intricate tapestry of visitors' experiences at Gurara Waterfalls. Through a meticulous analysis of prevalent issues, captivating features, and overall emotional responses, the aim was to investigate the untapped potentials of cultural tourism embedded in this natural wonder. The practical implications of user perceptions on Gurara Waterfall and its surrounding facilities are presented. The findings from this research provide valuable insights into the cultural connections surrounding Gurara Waterfalls, shedding light on opportunities for enhancing the visitor experience and unlocking the latent cultural tourism prospects associated with this captivating natural site. As a recommendation, further research should explore creative and innovative structures for Gurara Waterfalls and other Nigerian tourist destinations, aiming to create, sustain and increase cultural tourist interest and overall visitor satisfaction.

This study presents a significant contribution to the field of sustainable cultural tourism at world heritage sites, a crucial area in light of the World Tourism Organization's (WTO) projections for 2030. Employing a comprehensive and integrated approach, the research systematically synthesizes existing qualitative studies to address the question of sustainable development in this context. A rigorous meta-synthesis, following the methodology of Sandelowski and Barroso, was applied to 43 scientifically credible articles selected via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). This selection process ensured the inclusion of high-quality research. The study's major intellectual contribution is the development of a new paradigmatic model for understanding sustainable cultural tourism at world heritage sites. This model was constructed using Grounded Theory Strategy and Maxqda2020 software, facilitating a structured analysis and interpretation of the data. The model organizes 99 primary codes into 20 main and secondary categories, providing a comprehensive framework that encapsulates the core phenomena of the field. Moreover, the study's findings are further validated through the use of Cohen's kappa Coefficient in SPSS, achieving a score of 0.714, which experts have confirmed. This statistical validation underscores the reliability of the research outcomes. Overall, this study not only synthesizes a wide range of existing qualitative research but also advances the field by offering a novel model and ensuring the reliability of its findings. These contributions are particularly relevant for policy makers and practitioners focused on the sustainable development of tourism, especially in the context of preserving cultural heritage at world heritage sites.