درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

زبان شناسی

حوزه‌های تخصصی
ادبیات اقتصاد تاریخ تربیت بدنی جغرافیا حقوق روانشناسی زبان شناسی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم اجتماعی علوم اسلامی علوم انسانی علوم تربیتی علوم سیاسی فلسفه و منطق مدیریت مطالعات زنان هنر و معماری
زبان شناسی چیست؟ زبان شناسی کاربردی زبان شناسی نظری سیر تحول زبان شناسی (تاریخچه) علوم مرتبط میان رشته ای ها نقد و بررسی کتاب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۹۲۱ تا ۹۴۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۵۱۰ مورد.
۹۲۱.

زبان های ناممکن، آندریا مورو، انتشارات ام آی تی، 2016، 145 صفحه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: زبان و زبان شناسی دوره ۱۸ پاییز و زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۳۸ 317-334

کلیدواژه‌ها: زبان انسان مغز زبان شناسی عصب شناسی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۶۰
کتاب زبان های ناممکن، نوشته آندریا مورو، زبان شناس و عصب شناس برجسته ایتالیایی، در سال 2016 توسط انتشارات ام آی تی (مؤسسه فناوری ماسوچوست) به چاپ رسیده است. مطالب این کتاب شامل مباحثی می شود که در بخش هایی از کتاب قبلی مورو، مرزهای بابل: مغز و معمای زبان های ناممکن (مورو، 2015؛ ترجمه شده از زبان ایتالیایی به انگلیسی، و با مقدمه نوآم چامسکی)، نیز به آن اشاره شده بود. کتاب در قالب یازده فصل تنظیم شده است که به همراه فهرست منابع و نمایه انتهای کتاب مجموعاً شامل 145 صفحه می شود. نویسنده در این کتاب به بررسی آنچه که زبان بشر را از هر نظام ارتباطی دیگری متفاوت می سازد — به اصطلاح به کاررفته در کتاب، اثر انگشت زبان بشر — می پردازد، و در فصل های مختلف آن استدلال ها و شواهد نظری و تجربی جالبی را در جانبداری از یک تفسیر زیستی از زبان و قواعد حاکم بر آن ارائه می دهد، که برخی از آخرین یافته های مطالعات عصب شناختی در دو دهه اخیر را در بر می گیرد. این نوشتار مرور کوتاهی بر محتوای کتاب خواهد داشت.
۹۲۲.

Narrative Formation of Teacher Identity from the Perspective of Complexity Theory(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۴۶, Autumn ۲۰۲۳ 49 - 62

کلیدواژه‌ها: Identity Construction Dynamic systems theory Novice teacher

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۰ تعداد دانلود : ۶۳
Teacher identity has been studied from several perspectives. However, the present study makes an attempt to investigate the process of identity formation through narrative telling from the framework of complexity theory. In a case study design semi-structured interview data and teacher-produced diaries of a novice Iranian English teacher were analyzed in order to identify attractors of identity formation. As a result, four major attractors that had the strongest effect on the process of identity formation were detected. Then the mechanisms through which these attractors exerted influence on identity formation are discussed. Finally, it has been argued that narrative construction of identity requires the individual to stress different aspects of their identity at different times; and that the phase shifts that occurred when the identity system moved in the direction of another attractor were triggered by the moment-to-moment requirements of narrative formation. The findings are followed by a discussion of pedogogical and theoretical implications.
۹۲۳.

Impact of Self-Regulation Training and Instruction on EFL Learners’ Short-Term and Long-Term Retention of English Vocabularies in Online Classes(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۴۷, ۲۰۲۳ 87 - 95

کلیدواژه‌ها: Self-regulated Learning self-regulation Vocabulary Retention Self-regulation training and instruction

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۲ تعداد دانلود : ۶۰
This study aimed to investigate the impact of self-regulation training and instruction on EFL learners’ short-term andlong-term retention of English vocabulary in online classes. The design of the present study was a quasi-experimental pre-test post-test control group design. The participants of this study included 60 Iranian maleintermediate EFL learners chosen from among 68 learners studying English at a private language institute inKerman, Iran based on their PET scores. The original sample was selected through convenience sampling. Theparticipants’ ages ranged from 17 to 30. The following instruments were used in this study: a Preliminary EnglishTest (PET) and two researcher-made vocabulary tests. To analyze the data, the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test,Descriptive statistics and Repeated Measures ANOVA were used and according to the results of data analysis, self-regulation training and instruction had a significant effect on EFL learners’ short-term and long-term retention ofEnglish vocabularies in online classes. The findings have some implications for EFL teachers, EFL learners, andcurriculum planners.
۹۲۴.

Relationship between Iranian Undergraduate English Students’ Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence and their Grammar Knowledge(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۴۷, ۲۰۲۳ 129 - 138

کلیدواژه‌ها: English Language grammar knowledge Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence Iranian Undergraduate Students

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۸۱
This study investigated the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence of Iranian undergraduate students in the English language and its relationship with their grammar knowledge. For this purpose, 139 male (N=46) and female (N=93) English language students aged 22 -32 years old were randomly selected as the participants. Multiple Intelligence Questionnaire (MIQ) and a grammar TOEFL test were used to evaluate the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence of the students and measure their grammar knowledge. Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence of students and its relationship with grammar knowledge was gauged using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. The means of males and females in grammar knowledge and bodily-kinesthetic intelligence were assessed through a one-way sample t-test. The findings revealed a statistically significant relationship between the bodily-kinesthetic intelligence of the participants and their grammar knowledge. The findings also showed no remarkable differences between males and females regarding bodily-kinesthetic intelligence and grammar knowledge. The implication of the findings is that English language teachers should utilize the same effective grammar textbooks and tasks for both male and female students.
۹۲۵.

Apology variations among Persian EFL learners in Iran, Iranian-Americans and American English speakers(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۶, No.۳۳, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۳ 83 - 105

کلیدواژه‌ها: Speech Act Apology transcultural studies

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۴ تعداد دانلود : ۸۵
This study aimed to compare the use of the apology speech act and other semantic formulas among Iranian EFL learners, American native speakers of English, and Iranians living in America for four years. We conducted a transcultural investigation on the use of apology strategies in the two cultures, and then assessed the effects of living in the target language context. The data were collected using a Discourse Completion Test (DCT), and then coded based on the Cohen and Olshtain’s (1981), and Istifçi (2009) classification of apology speech act. The results showed significant differences between the use of apology strategies by Iranian EFL learners and American speakers in apology verbs. Also, we found that the Iranians who had lived in America were successful in reaching the target language’s cultural norms. This improvement was mainly because of living in the target language context and learning through interaction. We also found that the act of flattery among Persian users which is a subcategory of a cultural habit called ta’arof is a strategy to amend their mistakes. The results of this study might be useful for sociolinguists, transcultural researchers, and foreign language teachers.
۹۲۶.

The Role of Participatory Structure and Output Modality in Enhancing Iranian EFL Learners’ Speaking and their Perceptions: A Mixed-Method Study(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۶, No.۳۳, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۳ 247 - 268

کلیدواژه‌ها: participatory structure output modality speaking perceptions

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۷ تعداد دانلود : ۷۵
The current study was an effort to investigate the role of participatory structure and output modality in enhancing Iranian EFL learners’ speaking, and examine their perceptions toward participating in speaking activities. The population of this study included all female EFL learners (90 language learners of English) at intermediate level studying at Avayeh Daneshvaran Language Institute in Tabriz and the sampling procedure was convenience sampling. From among these language learners, 63 learners, in four intact classes, were selected as the sample group after conducting a sample of the PET. The instruments that were used in this study included two samples of the English language proficiency test of PET, the speaking section of which was conducted as the pre-test and posttest of the study, and an open-ended questionnaire. The data which were collected were analyzed through one-way ANOVA and two-way ANCOVA. The researchers analyzed the responses of the intended participants to the open-ended questionnaire qualitatively. The findings revealed that output modality was effective in improving speaking skill and that participatory structure and the interaction of these two had no significant effect on this skill. Regarding the qualitative section, the findings presented that the participants had optimistic attitude toward the use of podcasts and summary telling and writing in improving their speaking. The findings of the present study are valuable for teachers, English language learners, teacher educators, curriculum designers and researchers.
۹۲۷.

A Comparative Study of Cohesive Device Usage in Paragraph Writing Among EFL Learners in Flipped, Blended, and Face-to-Face Learning Environments(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Language Studies,Vol ۱۵, No. ۲, ۲۰۲۳ 33 - 48

کلیدواژه‌ها: Blended classes Paragraph Writing Flipped classes Face-to-face classes

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۵
The use of educational technology (Ed-Tech) and the Internet in acquiring foreign language skills has led to an increased interest in alternative teaching strategies such as flipped and blended learning. This study investigates the effects of flipped, blended, and traditional face-to-face teaching methods on the utilization of cohesive devices in paragraph writing among EFL learners. From a pool of 110 junior EFL students, 90 participants were selected. Afterwards, they were randomly divided into three groups: flipped, blended, or face-to-face. To evaluate their paragraph writing abilities, a pretest was conducted prior to the treatment. The first comparative group received instruction using the flipped teaching method, while the second group experienced a blended learning environment (combining face-to-face and online classes). The control group received traditional face-to-face instruction. Following the treatment sessions, all groups completed a posttest on paragraph writing. The findings indicated that both the flipped and blended groups demonstrated significantly better performance compared to the control group. These results provide valuable insights for EFL teachers, curriculum designers, and learners.
۹۲۸.

مقایسه گفتمان سالمندان مبتلا به آلزایمر و سالمندان طبیعی فارسی زبان از منظر زبانی و کاربردشناختی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: زبان پژوهی سال پانزدهم پاییز ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۴۸ 253 - 287

کلیدواژه‌ها: گفتمان سالمند آلزایمر سطح زبانی کاربردشناختی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۳۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۵
پژوهش حاضر به دنبال مقایسه گفتمان سالمندان فارسی زبان طبیعی و مبتلا به آلزایمر فارسی زبان (در مراحل آغازین و میانی ابتلا) در سطح های زبانی و کاربردشناختی بوده است. این مقاله، پژوهشی ترکیبی بود. بخش کیفیِ مطالعه، شاملِ بررسی پرونده پزشکی بیماران، فارسی سازی آزمون های بازگویی داستان کوتاه، ضرب المثل، داستان سازی تصویر و دزدی کلوچه بود. بخش کمّی پژوهش نیز شامل اجرای آزمون های یادشده به روش شبه آزمایشی بود. به این منظور، توانایی 31 سالمند فارسی زبان مبتلا به بیماری آلزایمر در مرحله های آغازین و میانی بیماری با 31 سالمند فارسی زبان طبیعی از جنبه سطح های زبانی و کاربردشناختی مقایسه شدند. همگی این افراد تک زبانه بوده و به شیوه نمونه گیری در دسترس انتخاب شده بودند. ابزارِ این پژوهش، شکل فارسی سازی شده آزمون های دزدی کلوچه، داستان سازی تصویر و ضرب المثل و نیز آزمون های بازگویی داستان کوتاه و گزینش اجباری بودند. داده ها با آمار توصیفی خلاصه شدند. همچنین، پس از تأیید طبیعی بودن توزیع داده ها توسط آزمون شاپیروویلک، با آزمون تحلیل واریانس اندازه گیری مکرر تحلیل شدند. یافته ها نشان داد بین عملکرد سالمندان بیمار مبتلا به آلزایمر و سالمندان طبیعی در سطح زبانی (شامل خطاهای دستوری، ساختاری و معنایی) و کاربردشناختی (استنباط و توانایی تشخیص تکلیف) تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد، و سالمندان مبتلا به آلزایمر عملکرد ضعیف تری داشتند. همچنین یافته های این پژوهش نشان داد که مهارت های بیانی در مراحل آغازین و میانی بیماری کمتر از مهارت های ادراکی دچار اختلال می گردد. درباره پیامدهای این یافته ها بحث می شود.
۹۲۹.

استعاره در رنگ واژه های زبان فارسی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: علم زبان سال ۱۰ پاییز و زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱۸ 41 - 80

کلیدواژه‌ها: رنگ واژه مقوله های رنگ استعاره نگاشت حوزه های معنایی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۵
رنگ واژه ها پرتویی از نظام مفهومی انسان اند که بازتابی از ویژگی های شناختی و زبانی او را بازنمایی می کنند. نظام مفهومی انسان اساساً ماهیتی استعاری دارد. استعاره سازوکاری شناختی و از جمله شگردهای زبانی است که می تواند در رنگ واژه سازی و گسترش مقوله ای رنگ ها نقش آفرینی کند. این پژوهش به بررسی استعاره در رنگ واژه های فارسی و ساخت استعاری مقوله های رنگ در زبان فارسی پرداخته است. در این پژوهش، بر پایه رویکرد معنی شناسی واژگانیِ شناختی، 910 رنگ واژه در زبان فارسی تحلیل شده است. پس از توصیف حوزه های معنایی مؤثر در کاربرد استعاری رنگ واژه های فارسی و تحلیل ساخت استعاری مقوله های رنگ، به بسامد کاربرد حوزه های معنایی در رنگ واژه ها و گرایش مقوله های رنگ برای مشارکت در ساخت استعاری رنگ واژه های فارسی پرداخته شده است. استعاره از جمله سازوکارهای شناختی است که در شکل گیری مقوله های رنگ در زبان فارسی و گسترش مفهومی آنها نقشی اساسی دارد. حوزه هایی که پدیده های آنها در ساخت استعاری رنگ واژ های زبان فارسی مشاهده شده اند عبارت اند از: حوزه گیاه، حوزه جانور، حوزه خوراک، حوزه بدن، حوزه کانی، حوزه پدیده طبیعی و حوزه اشیاء. بسامد کاربرد و توزیع این حوزه های معنایی در مقوله های رنگ فارسی یکسان نیست. علاوه براین، میزان مشارکت مقوله های رنگ در ساخت استعاری رنگ واژه های فارسی و گرایش هر کدام از آنها به حوزه های معنایی مبدأ در نگاشت استعاری نیز متفاوت است.
۹۳۰.

On the Relationship between Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners' Digital Literacy and their Self-Directed Learning Process

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in Techno-based Language Education, Volume ۳, Issue ۳, September ۲۰۲۳ 20 - 34

کلیدواژه‌ها: digital Literacy EFL Learners Information and communication technology literacy Information Literacy media literacy self-directed learning

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۸
Self-directed learning and digital literacy are the most effective issues in the process of foreign language learning. Due to the importance of digital literacy and self-directed learning in the process of foreign language learning, the present study aimed at investigating the relationship between Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ digital literacy and their self-directed learning. For the purpose of the study, 210 male and female Iranian EFL learners from Mashhad English language institutes took part in the study through using convenience sampling method. The digital literacy and self-directed learning questionnaires were distributed among intermediate EFL learners to measure their attitudes towards digital literacy and the self-directed learning process. To conduct the study, a correlational design was used. The results of Pearson Correlation analyses revealed that there was a positive relationship between the Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ digital literacy and their self-directed learning. The results of the multiple regression analyses also showed that information communication technology literacy and information literacy as the two components of the digital literacy questionnaire significantly predicted the Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ self-directed learning. It can be concluded that high levels of digital literacy and self-directed learning tend to result in better academic performance and learning motivation. It is important that educational contexts, as well as lan guage institutes administrators provide opportunities for en hancing learners’ self-directed learning and media literacy and consequently improving EFL learners’ achievement and motivation.
۹۳۱.

Individual Psychological Factors: Facilitators of PSL Learners’ Reading Comprehension Ability? a mixed methods study(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۱, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۳ 199 - 214

کلیدواژه‌ها: Individual psychological factors Self-Efficacy Emotional Intelligence autonomy Reading Comprehension Persian second language learners

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۱ تعداد دانلود : ۵۵
This mixed methods nationwide research aimed to examine the relationships between three variables; namely, self-efficacy (S-E), emotional intelligence (EI), autonomy (A), their sub-constructs and reading comprehension ability of Persian second language (PSL) students. Participants were 141 PSL students from 28 different countries studying at 12 universities across Iran. Data were collected through S-E, EI, A scales, and a reading comprehension test and were analyzed using Pearson correlation. The results revealed that there were significant links between the variables and their sub-constructs and reading comprehension ability. Also, structured interviews were administrated with 45 participants, the results of which confirmed those obtained from quantitative instruments. Moreover, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to access more in-depth perception of the variables and explore the strengths of the causal relationships. The three independent variables strongly predicted reading comprehension, with S-E being the strongest predictor. Also, three out of four sub-constructs of EI, and two out of three sub-constructs of A were powerful predictors of reading comprehension. In terms of the increasing number of PSL learners, the findings of the present study could be helpful for L2 (particularly PSL) teachers, learners, and academic policymakers.
۹۳۲.

Explicit Teaching of an Unsalient Property: the case of illicit resumptive pronouns in English relative clauses(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۱, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۳ 255 - 269

کلیدواژه‌ها: Relative Clause Resumptive pronoun Interpretability Hypothesis Uninterpretable feature

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۸
The present study investigated the role of explicit instruction on the acquisition of English relative clauses by focusing on resumptive pronouns among Iranian learners of English at an intermediate level of proficiency. The study focused on two structurally different languages (Persian and English) regarding the use of resumptive pronouns.  A grammaticality Judgment Test (GJT) and a Sentence Combination Task (SCT) at three phases of pre-test, immediate, and delayed posttests, have been used; paired samples t-tests showed that exposure to input through teaching materials can improve the learners’ performance in specific types of relative structures, but not in all.  The findings propose that if language learners, especially in a foreign language context, are provided with enough input and still don’t acquire an uninterruptable feature (resumptive pronouns in this case), then it can be said that fossilization has occurred and the interpretability hypothesis (Tsimpli and Dimitrakopolou, 2007) will be confirmed. It also shows that explicit teaching can lead to future noticing in input and result in more stable acquisition.
۹۳۳.

Navigating the Mediating Role of Immunity, Buoyancy, and Emotion Regulation to L2 Grit and Mindfulness Among EFL Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Issues in Language Teaching (ILT), Vol. ۱۲, No. ۲, ِDecember ۲۰۲۳ 31 - 65

کلیدواژه‌ها: Immunity Buoyancy Emotion regulation L2 Grit Mindfulness

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۷۹ تعداد دانلود : ۶۲
The importance of studying teachers' professional well-being has increased greatly in recent years. However, researchers have not paid enough attention to how teachers' levels of immunity, buoyancy, and emotion regulation (ER) in the classroom all play a role in shaping teachers’ L2 grit and mindfulness. This research seeks to address this gap in the literature by presenting a model of the dynamic interaction of teacher immunity (TI), teacher buoyancy (TB), teacher emotion regulation (TER), L2 grit, and teacher mindfulness (TM). To gather this information, 519 English as a foreign language (EFL) teachers were given surveys measuring their levels of mindfulness in the classroom using the language teacher immunity instrument (LTII), teacher buoyancy scale (TBS), Teacher Emotion Regulation Inventory (LTERI), the L2-teacher grit scale (L2TGS), and Mindfulness in Teaching Scale (MTS). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) results indicated that EFL instructors who achieved a healthy state of immunity (TI), TER, L2 grit had higher levels of L2 grit, and TM. The research winds down with implications and future directions for relevant stakeholders to improve their understanding of the relationship between TI, TB, TER, L2 grit, and TM interactions and their potential to provide favorable educational results for EFL learners.
۹۳۴.

Persian to English Lexical Transfer Errors in the Iranian EFL Learners’ Writings(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۱, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۳ 113 - 130

کلیدواژه‌ها: Error lexical error Lexical Transfer word form word meaning word use writing

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۸۶
Interference or transfer from language learners’ first language (L1) is one of the significant variables that contributes to the complexity of SLA process and usually persists intensely at the initial stages of L2 acquisition and development. Drawing upon Meriläinen’s (2010) taxonomy of lexical transfer errors, the present study intended to explore Iranian EFL learners’ lexical transfer error caused by word form, word meaning, and word use. To this aim, a corpus of 189 compositions written by 89 male and 100 female students was investigated. The results revealed that females in general had more lexical transfer errors than males, and that a large amount of the errors stemmed from word use (54%) which was followed by word form (36%) and lastly word meaning (10%). The findings of the study suggest that shifting the students’ attention from vocabulary size to vocabulary depth and exposing them to a large number of authentic collocations and prefabricated patterns are advisable activities that might counteract negative lexical transfer.
۹۳۵.

Unpacking the Functions of Multiple Intelligences in Using interactional Metadiscourse Markers: A Comparison across Proficiency Levels

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منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۸, Issue ۳ (۲۰۲۳) 69-81

کلیدواژه‌ها: Intelligence Metadiscourse proficiency level

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۲
Curiosity about metadiscourse markers (MMs) use in written performance of different proficiency levels has grown among discourse researchers. The current study was carried out to examine whether there was any realizable relationship between multiple intelligences (MI) and interactional metadiscourse (IM) use across proficiency levels. Particularly, it centered on exploring whether MI correlated with the employment of IM by intermediate and advance EFL written performance and whether MIs could predict their IM use in their performance. Data were collected from 90 Iranian EFL learners at two English language institutes, taking the Michigan Test of English Language Proficiency (MTELP), and the McKenzie's MI Inventory. The data were analyzed quantitatively running a multiple regression procedure through SPSS (version 22). The result of the data analysis showed that none of the MI types were predicators of IM use by intermediate EFL learners. However, interpersonal intelligence was the only negative predictor of IM use by intermediate EFL learners. Advanced EFL learners’ IM use was highly and positively correlated with musical intelligence. The article suggests some implications for syllabus designers.
۹۳۶.

Predictors of Satisfaction in Virtual English Classrooms: The Case of Iranian EFL Learners

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۸, Issue ۳ (۲۰۲۳) 19-30

کلیدواژه‌ها: online English classes technology tools student satisfaction

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The concept of an old-style teaching approach has changed totally over the past decade. Face-to-face classes have not been a unique method of learning with the advent of information technology. Improving information technology has changed the education system. The goal of the study is to determine what factors impact student satisfaction in online English classes. To achieve this goal, the questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of students in three branches of Islamic Azad University in Guilan province, Iran, in 2022. The branches of the university were Roudsar and Amlash, Langroud, and Lahijan. This paper explains the impact of the interaction in online English classes and technology tools as independent variables on the level of student satisfaction as the dependent variable. A simple linear multivariate regression was used to determine the significant relationship between the independent and dependent variables of the research. The regression model was estimated by applying the OLS approach using SPPS software. All hypotheses were accepted, which means that both independent variables impact the dependent variable. In addition, technology tools are more important than interaction to influence student satisfaction. In the end, several solutions were presented to improve the level of student satisfaction in online English classes.
۹۳۷.

Teacher Immunity in English Language Institutes and Public Schools: EFL Teachers’ Perception in Focus(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۴۴, Spring ۲۰۲۳ 81 - 95

کلیدواژه‌ها: attitude Language institutes Perception Public Schools teachers’ immunity

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The teacher, his instructional method, and indeed his characteristics are considered to be the decisive factors for the success or failure of education. The current study was carried out to determine the Iranian EFL teachers’ perception of immunity in their occupational contexts, that is in English language institutes and public schools. To achieve this objective, one hundred EFL teachers teaching in public schools (N = 50) and language institutes (N = 50), in Isfahan, were selected through convenience sampling to participate in this study. Then, the Teachers’ Immunity Level questionnaire was administered to them, and they were interviewed as well. The teachers were asked about their perception of immunity in their own occupational setting. All the teachers working in language institutes believed that teachers in these educational centers are suffering from low levels of job immunity. The teachers were also asked about the reasons underlying the high and low levels of job immunity in these two educational contexts. The teachers in language institutes believed that the dearth of monitoring by the government, the large number of unemployed educated people, employers’ greed, and lowering the value of education in the society are among the most important reasons underlying this catastrophe in language institutes. These findings can have some implications for the decision-makers in the Iranian Ministry of Education to provide language institutes with more support and attention with an eye to eliminating the mentioned problems.
۹۳۸.

Iranian Students’ Emotional Perceptions of the Effects of Interactive Tasks on Self-Monitoring, Self-Regulation, and Willingness to Communicate(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۴۵, Summer ۲۰۲۳ 35 - 52

کلیدواژه‌ها: Interactive task Self-monitoring strategy Self-regulation strategy Willingness to communicate strategy

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۸
Engagement and interaction have recently been considered practical activities essentially in educational settings. Due to the importance of this notion, this research paper reviewed the qualitative study aimed to find out the evaluation of Iranian EFL students’ emotional attitudes and perceptions towards interactive tasks on self-monitoring, self-regulation, and willingness to communicate in learning. Accordingly, the study as personality assessment developed the semi-structured interviews with 40 students in an experimental group and 40 students in a control group to explore students’ motivational beliefs and their attitudes towards interactive tasks influencing their performance in learning and assisting them to communicate successfully. Based on the attitudinal analysis as the results of this study, using the Transcribed Interview Sample with coding (an extract) clearly identified that students with interactive tasks mainly outperformed those with regular instruction. Furthermore, the findings of the research indicated that students’ achievement was improved in terms of their motivation, autonomy, and empowerment as contributed to their learning. However, this study revealed that teachers could increase the academically collaborative talk as well as social-emotional behavior of students in their teaching and learning environments to share feeling safe, taking risks, and enjoy constructive effects.
۹۳۹.

Effects of Teacher vs Grammarly Feedback on Iranian EFL Learners' Writing Skill(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۴۵, Summer ۲۰۲۳ 85 - 97

کلیدواژه‌ها: Automated writing feedback Grammarly L2 learners second language writing

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Among four language skills, writing is a complex and demandingcognitive process.Writing is an important tool in evaluationwhere English proficiency needs to be assessed. The present study aimed to explore the impact of feedback provided by Grammarly Software compared to teachers’ feedback on the writing ability of Iranian EFL learners. Through the nonrandom sampling method, 60 intermediate male and female EFL learners were selected, then they were randomly assigned to two main groups: the experimental and control group. The participants were administered the Oxford Placement Test (OQPT), Pretest of Essay Writing, Grammarly software program, Posttest of Essay Writing, and an attitude questionnaire in ten sessions. The data gathered from the comparison of pretest and posttest revealed that the experimental group members outperformed those in the control group, meaning that the Grammarly software program positively affected the EFL learners' writing ability. The results might have implications for language teachers, learners, and materials developers.
۹۴۰.

Six Years on: English Test for International Communication (ETIC)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Language Testing, Volume ۱۳, Issue ۲, Summer and Autumn ۲۰۲۳ 96 - 110

کلیدواژه‌ها: Communicative Language Testing English Test for International Communication Language Testing and Assessment test fairness and justice framework

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۸
This paper presents a critical evaluation of the English Test for International Communication (ETIC), a large-scale, computer-based, and criterion-referenced English language proficiency test developed by the China Language Assessment in 2016. The ETIC test battery comprises five categories: Basic, Intermediate, Advanced, Superior, and Translation, with the goal of assessing test-takers’ oral and written communicative language abilities in workplace contexts. Given that a revised version of ETIC with many structural changes has been in use since 2021, and the recent growth of interest in assessing communicative language abilities, a critical review of ETIC is warranted. Drawing on Kunnan’s (2018) recent model of test fairness and justice, this review primarily evaluates the usefulness and fairness of ETIC Basic, ETIC Intermediate, and ETIC Advanced. Appraisals reveal that ETIC encompasses the philosophy of fairness, justice, and usefulness in the development, administration, and scoring procedures. There is, however, room for improvement in various areas, such as establishing a test inquiry and appeal service and keeping the channels of communication open. As reviewers, we hope this article will assist language testing researchers and practitioners, teachers and students, or even potential test-takers in better understanding the unique ETIC assessment scene in China and spark more discussions about communicative language testing worldwide.

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