Translation and Interpreting Research

This study investigates the age of female translators in Iran from the Islamic Revolution (1979) to the year 2022, aiming to determine at which age women were most prolific in translation. The research analyzed 1,273 books translated by women during this period, categorizing the data into ten-year age intervals. The findings reveal that women aged thirty to forty were the most active in translation. Additionally, the study examined the subject of books translated by women in each age group, using the classification framework proposed by Farahzad, Mohammadi Shahrokh, and Ehteshami (2015). The results of the study revealed distinct patterns in the interests of female translators across different age ranges. Specifically, fiction emerged as the primary area of interest for women aged 31-40, with humanities being the second most translated genre for this group. In contrast, women aged 41-50 predominantly focused on translating works categorized under the general group. These findings illuminate the evolving preferences and concerns of female translators over time, reflecting broader shifts in their professional focus and interests.

This article provides a descriptive overview and thematic analysis of translated medical texts from the Qajar era, utilizing a statistical and documentary study methodology. The research compiles all translated books, including manuscripts, lithographic, and lead-printed works, from this period. Findings reveal that medical texts were translated into Persian across various specialized fields such as internal medicine, obstetrics and gynecology, pharmacology, infectious diseases, psychiatry, pediatrics, surgery, dissection, ophthalmology, and pathology. Some translations originated from Western languages like French and English, introducing Western specialties such as surgery, dissection, infectious diseases, pediatrics, and modern medicine to Iran. Meanwhile, translations from languages like Hindi, Turkish, Arabic, and Urdu contributed to fields such as herbal medicine and pharmacology, reflecting their Eastern roots. Noteworthy translations from the Qajar era include Ibn Sina’s Ghanon , al-Razi’s Tafrih al-Gholoob , Jurjani’s Zakhireh Kharazmshahi , Hippocrates’ Resale Ghabrie , and Galen’s Molkhes Fosul .

Translation has been examined from diverse perspectives, including linguistic, cultural, and sociological viewpoints. Across these fields of study, human involvement has remained central to all translational activity—whether as translators, publishers, editors, or in other roles. Even when the primary focus has shifted to aspects like the text itself, human influence invariably surfaces. In other words, certain facets of translation have remained unexplored, overshadowed by the dominance of human agency. With the advent of ecotranslation, which merges ecology with translation studies, these hidden dimensions of translation can now be uncovered, opening up new avenues for research. This paper explores Luhmann’s social systems theory in comparison with ecology, drawing on a parallel approach to that used by Beebee, Childress, and Weidman (2017) in Translation Ecologies: A Beginner’s Guide . However, whereas their work contrasts ecology with polysystem theory, this paper instead examines the relationship between ecology and social systems theory within the context of translation studies.

In audiovisual translation, where video game localization plays a critical role, integrating visual elements with spoken content is essential. This study investigates the translation of expressions within the video game Civilization , exploring the prevailing norms of adaptation in Persian translation. The study has two main objectives: first, to examine the application of Skopos theory principles in the Persian translation of Civilization ; second, to analyze the adaptation strategies based on Bastin’s (2005) model in this translation. For this purpose, a corpus of English text segments from the Civilization video game and their Persian translations was selected and analyzed. Using Skopos theory and Bastin’s adaptation model, the study examines adaptation strategies. The findings illuminate how adaptation strategies an6 d societal ideologies interact within the context of video game localization. Ultimately, the study reveals that, as video games are primarily designed for enjoyment, coherence as an adaptation strategy should be prioritized to enhance the game's appeal.

In recent decades, numerous studies in Iran have examined entrepreneurial traits among university students. However, the entrepreneurial potential of undergraduate English translation students remains unexplored. This study investigates the entrepreneurial characteristics of English translation students at Islamic Azad University branches in Mazandaran Province and identifies key obstacles hindering their development. A sample of 106 English translation students from four branches was selected through convenience sampling. Participants completed a validated questionnaire assessing traits such as risk-taking, internal locus of control, success orientation, pragmatism, challenge-seeking, intellectual vitality, and tolerance of ambiguity. Additionally, they engaged in semi-structured interviews after being informed about the study’s objectives. Descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA analysis indicated that entrepreneurial traits were generally average, with no significant differences across the four branches. Qualitative analysis of interview data highlighted personal, financial, legal, and educational barriers as primary entrepreneurial obstacles.

This study explores video game localization as a rapidly expanding field with significant potential in Iran’s market, focusing on Zula , the Persian localized version of the video game Counter-Strike: Global Offensive (CS:GO) . The comparison examines various aspects of the games, including loading pages, user interface, settings, game modes, gameplay mechanics, announcements and voices, character adaptation, maps and weapons, monetization strategies, resource systems, items and accessories, as well as bugs. The findings demonstrate that Zula effectively integrates Iranian cultural values through features such as localized maps, Persian-language text, and culturally neutralized characters, fostering a sense of national identity and enhancing the overall user experience. However, the study also identifies shortcomings in the localization process, particularly regarding writing direction and translation inconsistencies, emphasizing the need for improvements in translation practices.