طراحی مدل حاکمیت شرکتی در نظارت اثربخش بر تسهیلات اعطایی بانک ملی (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
بانک ها به دنبال این هستند تا بتوانند در چارچوب حاکمیت شرکتی، نظارت اثربخشی را بر تسهیلات اعطایی داشته باشند. زیرا یکی از مهم ترین آسیب های حال حاضر در نظام بانکی، عدم مصرف صحیح تسهیلات اعطایی است که منجر به انحراف تسهیلات می شود و هرگونه ضعف و کوتاهی در این خصوص باعث بلوکه شدن منابع بزرگی از بانک ها و کاهش سرعت پول می گردد. از این رو هدف اصلی این پژوهش، طراحی مدل حاکمیت شرکتی در نظارت اثربخش بر تسهیلات اعطایی بانک ها است که مطالعه موردی این پژوهش، بانک ملی ایران است. پژوهش حاضر از نوع کیفی می باشد. جامعه خبرگان مورد مطالعه، برخی مدیران ارشد بانک ملی ایران در شهر تهران می باشند. این خبرگان به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، و به صورت گلوله برفی انتخاب و تا رسیدن به حد اشباع نظری با دوازده تن از آنان مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته انجام پذیرفته است. روایی مدل با روش بازبینی توسط خبرگان و پایایی، با روش بازآزمون بررسی گردیده است و با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون، پنجاه مضمون فرعی، بیست و یک مضمون سازمان دهی شده و ده مضمون فراگیر شناسایی گردیده است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد به کارگیری این مدل به بانک ملی کمک خواهد کرد تا با شناسایی دقیق مفاهیم حاکمیت شرکتی مرتبط با تسهیلات بانکی، نظارت اثربخشی بر پرداخت تسهیلات انجام دهند.Designing a Corporate Governance Model in Effective Supervision of Bank Grant Facilities
IntroductionBanks are looking for this to be able to monitor the effectiveness of granted facilities within the framework of corporate governance. Because one of the most important current damages in the banking system is the failure to use the granted facilities correctly, which leads to the deviation of the facilities, and any weakness and shortcoming in this regard causes the blocking of large resources from the banks and the reduction of the speed of money. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to design a corporate governance model for effective monitoring of bank loans, which is the case study of the National Bank of Iran. The current research is qualitative. The community of experts studied are some senior managers of the National Bank of Iran in Tehran. These experts were selected by purposeful sampling and in the form of a snowball, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve of them until reaching theoretical saturation. Validity of the model has been checked by expert review and reliability by retest method, and fifty sub-themes, twenty-one organized themes and ten overarching themes have been identified using the theme analysis method.MethodologyThe research is of qualitative and exploratory type, it seeks to expand the concept of corporate governance to effectively monitor the facilities granted by National Bank. The data collection method is field and library. The tool for collecting data in the field is a semi-structured interview. The statistical community of experts includes some managers of central offices of National Bank in Tehran. The number of these managers is thirty. Ten of these experts were interviewed by the snowball method in a targeted manner, but the interview was continued with two other experts to achieve theoretical adequacy. The data obtained from the interviews have been studied and analyzed with thematic analysis method. In thematic analysis, after conducting each interview quickly and without delay, coding is done until all interviews and first round codings are done. Then the second and third rounds of coding are done to obtain the research model. Internal validity is measured by the review method by experts, and reliability is checked by the retest method.Results and DiscussionThe corporate governance models presented in our country have a structural weakness. This is because the design of the corporate governance system model for banks is derived from the existing reality of the nature of banks, and the real nature of Iranian banks is their government status. This is despite the fact that the implementation of corporate governance in a bank with government ownership or control is not efficient enough. The exploratory nature of the present research, by clarifying the dark and ambiguous corners of the implementation of corporate governance in banks, has succeeded in discovering its unknown facts and methods in order to effectively monitor the facilities granted in the National Bank of Iran. One of the effective solutions to protect the rights of all types of stakeholders in the banking system is the correct implementation of the corporate governance system. So far, various models of corporate governance have been presented in the world, and each of the models has had different efficiency levels. Corporate governance models usually have structural weaknesses. This weakness is due to their government status. The exploratory nature of the current research, by clarifying the dark and ambiguous corners of the implementation of corporate governance in banks, has succeeded in discovering its unknown realities and methods in order to effectively monitor the facilities granted in the National Bank of Iran. ConclusionInvestigating the dimensions, components and indicators of effective monitoring of the facilities granted in the National Bank by combining the findings and results of previous research and the researcher's interpretive view of the opinions and experiences of the experts in monitoring the facilities and continuing the comparative comparison with the theoretical studies of the research, the result of which is the discovery of the indicators of effective monitoring of National Bank facilities, as a result of three coding stages, have fifty sub-themes, twenty-one organized themes and ten comprehensive themes. The developed model for corporate governance to effectively monitor the granted facilities can be use and exploite for the National Bank of Iran and other similar banks. According to the opinion of experts and the researcher's interpretative view, the following suggestions are presented: in addition to exercising sufficient care in the selection of employees, special attention should also be paid to the issue of succession, training and strengthening of specialized human resources. while institutionalizing the thinking of responsibility, the necessary grounds for strengthening and continuity of this aspect of corporate governance should always be considered by bank managers. In order to provide various products, especially in the field of granting facilities and effectively monitoring its various stages, banks should use electronic tools to know how and how to use payment facilities. The laws related to the corporate governance system should be formulated in the amendment bill of the trade law. Correct implementation of corporate governance can contribute to a great extent in timely and appropriate response to all stakeholders. The employees of each of the three control departments of the facility should be different and one employee should not be used to control and monitor all three control departments. When granting the facility or even before any payment of the facility, the relevant officer in the bank should clearly announce the exact terms of payment of the facility installments to the applicants to receive the facility. They should distance themselves from bureaucracy and take steps towards becoming agile. Intelligent systems for collecting, archiving and disseminating information should be implemented in the facilities department. The implementation of corporate governance should be carefully followed up with consideration of the rights of all stakeholders.
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