درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

mathematical resilience and academic achievement in mathematics among students in the humanities. The study employed a descriptive correlational design. A total of 282 eleventh and twelfth-grade students in the humanities (138 girls and 144 boys) from Tehran were selected using convenience sampling. Participants completed the Asher and Pajares Mathematical Self-Efficacy Scale, the Kooken et al. Mathematical Resilience Scale, and their mathematics academic achievement was assessed based on the average of their previous final grades. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis. The results revealed that mathematical resilience and mathematical self-efficacy have a direct impact on the academic achievement in mathematics among students in the humanities. Furthermore, data analysis results indicated a significant relationship between mathematical resilience and academic achievement in mathematics among students in the humanities, mediated by mathematical self-efficacy. Therefore, mathematical resilience and mathematical self-efficacy play crucial roles in the academic advancement of students in the humanities, and incorporating these components into mathematics education can be effective in enhancing the academic achievement in mathematics among students in the humanities.

Task-based language assessment (TBLA) is a framework for language testing that takes the task as the fundamental unit for assessment and testing. This study was designed to investigate the impact of TBLA on Iranian Male and Female EFL learners’ idiomatic knowledge. To fulfill the objective, 40 learners ranging from 18 to 25 in age and studying at Bayan English Institute in Rasht, Iran, were selected from among 100 participants based on their performance on quick placement test (QPT). The study employed a true-experimental design in which the participants were randomly assigned to two experimental groups and two control groups. First, a pretest of idioms was administered. Then, the experimental groups received a sixteen-session treatment that was the treatment of Task-Based Assessment. Meanwhile, the control groups received a sixteen-session placebo. A posttest of idioms was then administered to all the participants. The use of UNIANOVA revealed that the experimental groups outperformed the control groups in learning idioms. Based on the findings of the present study, all stakeholders, particularly material developers and teachers are proposed to include idioms in language teaching so that remarkable opportunities for improving idiomatic knowledge among learners would be provided.

This study aimed to explore the relationship between student's perceptions of school climate and their academic hope, focusing on the mediating role of their authentic personalities. The researchers employed a descriptive correlational method using structural equation modeling to achieve this. The study focused on first-grade high school students in Mahabad city, with a sample of 368 students selected through convenience sampling. The research utilized several standardized tools, including the School Climate Questionnaire by Pashiardis (2000), the Shegefti & Samani Educational Hope Questionnaire (2011), and the Authentic Personality Questionnaire by Wood et al. (2008). The findings revealed a direct and significant relationship between perceptions of school climate and academic hope. Additionally, the analysis indicated that school climate significantly indirectly affects academic hope, acting as a mediating variable. The model fit indices suggested that the research model was appropriate. In conclusion, this study suggests that to enhance students' academic hope, it is important to consider the supportive school environment and the cultivation of students' authentic personalities.

This study investigates the role of euphemistic strategies in the manipulation of realities and persuasion within political discourse, focusing on speeches by American and Iranian politicians during the 2013-2015 nuclear negotiations. Employing Van Dijk's socio-cognitive model, the research conducts a comparative discourse analysis to identify and categorize euphemistic expressions used to justify policies, address controversial issues, and influence public opinion. The analysis reveals distinct patterns in the use of euphemistic strategies, with American politicians, such as John Kerry, frequently employing polarization and burden/topos, while Iranian politicians, like Mohammad Javad Zarif, emphasize evidentiality and positive self-presentation. These differences reflect varying rhetorical styles and objectives, highlighting how euphemisms serve as tools for ideological manipulation and audience persuasion. The study underscores the importance of understanding euphemistic language in political communication, offering insights into the mechanisms of public perception shaping and the legitimization of political agendas. By comparing English and Persian political discourses, this research contributes to cross-cultural discourse analysis and enhances critical discourse awareness, equipping audiences to deconstruct political rhetoric and recognize underlying persuasive techniques.

This paper adopted the Eco-feminism approach to explore Shell Shaker, solely filled with Native American settings and issues. So, both nature and the woman of the Native American context were the focus of the study. The researcher showed how the Native American women can be representative of the nature of their ancestral lands and identify with it. The main argument that the researcher intended to study was parallel roles of both women and natural land for Native American. To this purpose, theories and notions of several thinkers were exploited. The researcher found different scenes in the novel that show both aspects of nature which include the mentioned concepts. On ‘maternity’, the researcher depicted how nature is considered a source of giving life and existence to the world like women. On 'otherness', the researcher found how nature is marginalized and ignored just like women. In other words, it is shown nature, like women, is ‘other' and secondary in the society. It was shown how nature and culture are related. Besides, it was proved that there is a close relationship between women and nature that one can delve further into. This paper adopted the Eco-feminism approach to explore Shell Shaker, solely filled with Native American settings and issues. So, both nature and the woman of the Native American context were the focus of the study. The researcher showed how the Native American women can be representative of the nature of their ancestral lands and identify with it. The main argument that the researcher intended to study was parallel roles of both women and natural land for Native American. To this purpose, theories and notions of several thinkers were exploited.

Exploring the disciplinary interface between English for specific purposes (ESP) and World Englishes (WEs), regarding the potential contributions of both disciplines to research on areas of shared interest, including TEFL and ESP Teachers’ attitudes are the center of current study. This investigation examines Iranian EFL and ESP teachers’ views on integrating WEs into ESP classes and assesses the English-speaking needs of ESP students. The study comprised 32 TEFL, 17 EFL, and 15 ESP teachers (16 male and 16 female, aged 30–67), using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods approach with quantitative questionnaires. Analysis of the data showed that subjects in both groups largely held remarkably positive views on WEs and felt ESP teaching should align with student objectives. More than two-thirds of participants disliked the current ESP syllabuses; however, only ESP teachers were unhappy with the teaching methods, cultural content, and textbook. The participants also showed complete dissatisfaction with their ESP students’ speaking abilities. It can be inferred that ESP course does not fully prepare the students to embark on their studies because it does not sufficiently consider learners’ speaking needs