درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

جغرافیای سیاسی

ادبیات اقتصاد تاریخ تربیت بدنی جغرافیا حقوق روانشناسی زبان شناسی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم اجتماعی علوم اسلامی علوم انسانی علوم تربیتی علوم سیاسی فلسفه و منطق مدیریت مطالعات زنان هنر و معماری
جغرافیای انسانی جغرافیای طبیعی رشته های جغرافیای عمومی فنون جغرافیایی گروه های ویژه نقد و بررسی کتاب
ارزیابی مخاطرات طبیعی جغرافیای اقتصادی جغرافیای اکوتوریسم جغرافیای اوقات فراغت جغرافیای پزشکی جغرافیای تاریخی جغرافیای جمعیت جغرافیای حمل و نقل جغرافیای رفتاری و ادراک محیطی جغرافیای زمین در فضا جغرافیای سیاسی جغرافیای صنعتی جغرافیای فرهنگی جغرافیای کشاورزی و کاربری اراضی برنامه ریزی و توسعه ناحیه ای
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۴۱ تا ۶۰ مورد از کل ۱٬۰۳۸ مورد.
۴۱.

Protracted Unresolved Segment of Indonesia-Timor Leste Land Boundary in Noel Besi – Citrana Region(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 279 - 301

کلیدواژه‌ها: Unresolved Segment Boundary Indonesia – Timor Leste

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۵
The purpose of this study is to examine the protracted border problems of Indonesia - Timor Leste, especially unresolved segments in the Noel Besi - Citrana area. The method used in this research is qualitative research with a case study approach. The findings in this study show that the protracted land boundary problem between Indonesia and Timor Leste, namely the unresolved segment Noel Besi-Citrana, is caused by differences in interpretation between Indonesia and Timor Leste of the 1904 Treaty. Therefore, the Noel Besi River and its estuary, as contained in the 1904 Treaty, are still a matter of debate between Indonesia and Timor Leste. The error in the 1904 Treaty was to define an object using two definitions, geometrically and toponymical, which caused later debate. This condition has an impact on the social conditions of border communities, to be prone to conflict due to the unclear territorial boundaries of the country.
۴۲.

آسیب شناسی گفتمان آمایش در ایران (چرا آمایش در ایران به گفتمان تبدیل نشده است؟)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: آمایش سیاسی فضا دوره ۶ بهار ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۲۲) 76 - 84

کلیدواژه‌ها: analysis Discourse Analysis Discourse progress Planning System public domain Content آمایش گفتمان گفتمان آمایشی پیشرفت نظام برنامه ریزی حوزه عمومی مطالبه

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۴
از ابتدای دهه ۵۰ هجری شمسی که اصطلاح آمایش سرزمین در ادبیات برنامه ریزی ایران مطرح شد، علی رغم گذشت بیش از نیم قرن تاکنون مقوله آمایش نه در سطح نظام تصمیم گیری و اجرا و نه در حوزه عمومی تبدیل به گفتمان نشده است. از این رو علی رغم ضرورت و اهمیت هیچ گاه مطالبه عمومی در زمینه آمایش سرزمین شکل نگرفته و حتی متأسفانه در حوزه های تخصصی نیز مطالبه توجه به رویکرد آمایشی، تقنین قوانین لازم و جریان پیدا کردن تدابیر اجرایی ذیل راهبردهای آمایشی ابراز نشده است. بنابراین در طول این نیم قرن فراز و فرودهای بسیاری در رابطه با آمایش سرزمین و نهادهای مرتبط مشاهده شده است؛ به گونه ای که توقف رویکرد آمایشی و تعطیلی نهادهای مرتبط هیچ انتقادی را برنینگیخته و توجه به راهبردها و تدوین سیاست ها بیشتر معطوف به سلیقه و خواست برخی مدیران و کارشناسان بوده است و نه در پاسخ به مطالبه ای عام یا خاص. توجه به ریشه های این وضعیت و آسیب شناسی و شناخت عوامل فرهنگی، مدیریتی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و اجتماعی دخیل در آن می تواند به رقم زدن فضای مطلوب و بسط و تعمیق گفتمان آمایشی به عنوان یک خرده گفتمان ذیل گفتمان پیشرفت در سپهر عمومی و در نظام برنامه ریزی بینجامد. شناسایی گره های موجود در مسیر گفتمان شدن رویکرد آمایش سرزمین و ارائه راهبردها و سیاست ها برای شکل گیری، بسط و تقویت گفتمان آمایشی در ایران و نهایتاً ارائه پیشنهادهای مشخص برای رعایت الزامات آمایش سرزمین در اجرای تدابیر سند الگوی اسلامی ایرانی پیشرفت هدف این مقاله است.  
۴۳.

From Winter War to Russia-Ukraine War: The Importance of Alliances for Russia's Nordic-Baltic Neighbors(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 55 - 85

کلیدواژه‌ها: Alliances NATO Neorealism Russia-Ukraine war Winter War

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۱
The significance of having an alliance was defined in the Great War when weak European and strong countries decided to ally to fight the mighty power of the Central Powers. Afterward, fragile countries decided to join strong alliances to overcome threats from their neighbors. The Second World War was another example of being allied with strong countries to cope with threats from Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and the Japanese Empire. During the Winter War and Russia-Ukraine War, Finland, and Ukraine, respectively, resemble weak countries with limited military and economic capabilities taking on a dominant and belligerent force. Neorealism is one of the structural theories in International Relations, which states that states intend and follow the balance of power to ensure their security. Neorealism posits that security organizations and alliances are vital tools in the pursuit of balancing threats and ensuring national security. This research aims to highlight the importance of alliances with Russia's neighbors to avoid future conflicts with Russia. The main question of this research is why Russia's neighbors need to form or join alliances to hedge against Russia's aggression and assist member states in reducing the large amount of budget spent on military expenses. This research argues that Finland's position in 1939 and Ukraine's in 2022 are the consequence of self-reliance under an anarchic system without having an alliance and leading to final defeat or territory cession. This paper argues alliances can secure European countries and act as a shield from Russia's threats. This research will employ the explanatory method as its research method.
۴۴.

Strategic Policymaking in the Era of Regional Escalating Crises(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۶) 1 - 25

کلیدواژه‌ها: Escalating Crises Regional security crisis management Multilateralism

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۶ تعداد دانلود : ۵۰
Political revolutions have the ability to expand and escalate in the surrounding environment. The United States, as a central player in the Western world, uses the mechanisms of aggressive action against neighboring countries and resistance groups. Iran's regional strategy in the years after the Cold War has been "comprehensive support for the resistance front" and "combating a system of domination". Such an approach has led to an increase in security conflicts between America and Iran. America has used the "offshore balancing strategy" to contain and limit Iran. Offshore balancing as a part of America's security policy has been dedicated to limit Iran's influence. The third and fourth waves of the technological revolution have left their impact on the process and nature of regional crises. Every country needs to use crisis management mechanisms to reduce its strategic costs in the era of "escalating crises". According to such an idea, the main question of the article is: What are the characteristics of strategic politics in the era of progressive regional crises? How can it be controlled, limited and restrained? The hypothesis of the article emphasizes that: Strategic policy-making in the era of regional and international crises will be based on crisis management mechanisms. Crisis management is achieved through multilateralism, international cooperation, mediation and general participation of actors.
۴۵.

Free Trade as a Force of Political Stability: The Case of Malaysia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ویژه نامه 61 - 86

کلیدواژه‌ها: Free Trade Agreement (FTA) Political Stability Foreign Investment economic growth International Relations

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۴۴
Free trade can influence political stability by fostering economic growth, reducing poverty, and increasing employment opportunities, leading to a more content and stable society, while also potentially reducing tensions by creating interdependencies with other countries. While free trade offers many benefits, free trade also brings monopolization and corporate Power. It can be seen in favor of large multinational corporations that have the resources to dominate markets. The objective of the article is to examine how Malaysia's free trade agreements work with Pakistan, New Zealand, India, and Australia that have influenced political stability. While free trade is often touted as a mechanism for economic growth and political cooperation, its impact on political stability remains complex. So, this article will analyze whether these trade agreements have effectively contributed to Malaysia's political stability, considering both positive outcomes and potential risks. The methodology employs a mixed-method approach, including a qualitative, doctrinal and socio-legal approach. The results shows that Malaysia's free trade agreements with Pakistan, New Zealand, India, and Australia have impacted economic growth, more foreign investment, and stronger diplomatic relations, created a more stable political environment and making Malaysia more resilient to economic shocks. The article also suggests for strengthening the bilateral agreement between all countries for boosting economic market.
۴۶.

Strategies for Iran’s Security Policy in the twenty-year Vision(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۶) 78 - 104

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Security infrastructure climate change Military capabilities

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۲ تعداد دانلود : ۵۹
Futurology is an interdisciplinary field of research that predicts and presents possible futures using diverse methods. Also, Security is the most famous concept in human history and the pursuit of a secure state has been the first choice of political units throughout history. Accordingly, the futurology of the security of Iran is the main topic of this article, which tries to present the secure state and possible and optimal scenarios for the security of Iran in the twenty-year vision. In other words, the objective of this article is to identify the geopolitical criteria affecting the security of Iran and to introduce its desirable security future with a futuristic approach in the twenty-year vision. This article is fundamental research that uses quantitative and qualitative models. First, with the help of existing studies in security, its criteria are classified into six groups: military, economic, geographical, cultural, political, and environmental. Second, the effective criteria for the security of Iran are presented, and third, the opinions of experts are collected through a questionnaire. The data and key criteria for optimal security of Iran in the new century were analyzed and extracted by the TOPSIS method. The results showed that the three criteria of ‘Strengthen infrastructure’, ‘Impacts of Climate Change’, and ‘Increasing military capabilities' are the key geopolitical criteria of the security for Iran. These three criteria create eight security scenarios. Finally, the scenario of ‘strengthen multidimensional infrastructure, adapt to climate change, and increase hardware military capabilities’ with a higher score, should be the criterion for formulating the roposed security perspective of Iran in the new century.
۴۷.

An Analysis of the Impact of China's Belt and Road Initiative towards Malaysia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ویژه نامه 183 - 209

کلیدواژه‌ها: Belt and Road Initiative Malaysia International Trade

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۵ تعداد دانلود : ۵۷
International trade regulations are often perceived with the labels of security and stability. World Trade Organization (WTO) being the main organization in this globe to regulate and facilitate affairs of international trade has established a stable system for its member states to deal with trades being done between them. Malaysia and China are both member states of the WTO, and these two countries had a long history of trade relationship to date, and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) would signify as the latest proof of the business relationship between China and Malaysia Through years of progress, Malaysia has become an important partner of China in Belt and Road cooperation and has achieved fruitful results in economic and trade cooperation. Even though the BRI is still rapidly developing till today, looking at this initiative on the legal side, actually there is no law ever enacted in line to handle legal issues born from the initiative specifically, which there are two reasons contributing to such matter generally, namely BRI’s lack of basis in public international law and the difference in legal systems of BRI participating countries. As such, this doctrinal study will use a qualitative method to look into the legal issues of BRI through three aspects, namely: (i) institutional issues; (ii) dispute resolution; and (iii) criminal issues, beside discussing the impact of BRI towards Malaysia from an economic perspective.
۴۸.

Comparative Study of the Concept of Look East in the Foreign Policy of Iran and India(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 134 - 150

کلیدواژه‌ها: Look East policy India Iran Geo-economy Geopolitics

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۸
During the post-Cold War era, while western countries continued to exert their influence on the world stage, Indian and Iranian officials turned their focus to the East. They introduced the Look East Policy and Look to the East Policy respectively, with the aim of leveraging the political, economic, cultural, geographical, and security opportunities available in that region. By adopting these policies, both India and Iran sought to deepen their engagement with countries in East and Southeast Asia, diversify their trade and investment portfolios, and reduce their dependence on western nations. The objective of this article is to analyze India and Iran's Look East Policy and Look to the East Policy, with a focus on their outcomes for national well-being, security, and the potential in the economic, political, and security domains with respect to Eastern countries. To do so, researchers primarily discuss the importance of the Look East Policy in the foreign policy of both India and Iran and discuss why this region comes to the center with full-fledged attention. Furthermore, they scrutinize the accomplishments of India and Iran as well as the structural barriers they encounter in the region, along with their approaches to pursuing their objectives and interests in the area. This article presents an analysis of the constraints, difficulties, and successes of the Look East policy.  
۴۹.

Interpreting the Role of State, Non-State, and International Organization to form Cybersecurity Governance in Southeast Asia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 255 - 278

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cybersecurity Regional Governance Southeast Asia state actors Non-state actors

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۲
Southeast Asia is a region undergoing economic development and technological advancement. This region's economic growth is supported by the digital world, which contributes in the form of a digital economy. However, as the digital economy grows, cyberspace lacks stable cyber security governance. As a result, this area is extremely vulnerable to all types of cyber threats. The author intends to interpret the role of state actors, non-state actors, and international organizations in developing cybersecurity governance in Southeast Asia through this article. In a conceptual framework, the preparation of regional governance must involve collaboration across actors due to their distinct functions. Such governance can maintain cyber security while also accommodating stakeholders in the Southeast Asian region through multi-sectoral collaboration. Therefor, the authors argued that the collaboration between state, non-state, and regional organization are needed to overcome cyber threats. In addition, regional cybersecurity governance should be a turning point to make more secure cyber space in Southeast Asia.
۵۰.

مدیریت پیشرفت دریاپایه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: آمایش سیاسی فضا دوره ۶ بهار ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۲۲) 58 - 72

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Sea Development Trade Management Environmental Capabilities ایران دریا توسعه تجارت مدیریت توان های محیطی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۷۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۷
اهمیت نقش و موقعیت دریایی ایران و بهره گیری از امکاناتی که سواحل آن در ارتباط با حوزه های منطقه و جهان دارا می باشد، زمینه را برای استفاده از آنها به منظور توسعه و رشد اقتصادی و اجتماعی ایران از طریق پیشرفت های دریاپایه مهیا می سازد. این نوشتار تلاش بر آن دارد که با توجه به توان های مناسبی که امکانات اقتصادی و تجاری و بازرگانی دریایی ایران در پیش روی قرار می دهد زمینه را به منظور تحقق هدف های متعالی پیشرفت دریاپایه آماده کرده و نکاتی را در ارتباط با آن برشمرد. به رغم این نوشتار یکی از مهمترین نکته ها در ارتباط و با پیگیری پیشرفت دریاپایه ای، اعمال مدیریت منسجم و کارایی قابل قبول آن می باشد. در ابتدای نوشتار، اهمیت موقعیت و توان های دریایی ایران به منظور توسعه و رشد مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در این مقاله به بررسی زمینه های تاریخی حوزه های دریایی ایران پرداخته شده و سپس به بررسی اهمیت ارتباطات اقتصادی و بازرگانی در سطح ملی و منطقه ای و جهانی از دیدگاه توسعه برنامه های دریاپایه اشاره می شود. در ارتباط با این عوامل به بررسی متون نظری پرداخته شده و نقش اهمیت مدیریت دانش پایه برای تحقق هدف ها برشمرده شده و آنگاه زمینه های تحقق برنامه های تصمیم گیری شده مورد توجه قرار می گیرد. این مورد به صورت دسته بندی شده، نقش مدیریت را در ساماندهی و جهت گیری برنامه های توسعه دریاپایه ای مطرح می سازد و لزوم بهره گیری از آن را به منظور نیل به هدف ها مورد توجه قرار می دهد و لزوم مدیریت جامع را مطرح می کند. در تحلیل موضوع، نکاتی موجزتر در ارتباط با نقش مدیریتی برنامه های پیشرفته دریا محور مورد بررسی قرار می گیرد. در پایان نوشتار نیز با جمع بندی مطالب مطرح شده به پیشنهاد هایی در زمینه های کارا بودن هرچه بیشتر نقش مدیریت در تحقق برنامه های در نظر گرفته شده در ارتباط با بهره مندی از حوزه های دریایی ایران اشاره می شود.  
۵۱.

آمایش بنیادین؛ تحلیل گفتمانی تمایزات، تفاوت و تشابهات آن با آمایش متعارف(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: آمایش سیاسی فضا دوره ۶ بهار ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۲۲) 1 - 8

کلیدواژه‌ها: Basic Spatial Planning Conventional Spatial Planning Development Theories Methodology of Spatial Planning Iranian Spatial Planning آمایش بنیادین آمایش متعارف سرزمین نظریه های توسعه روش شناسی آمایش سرزمین گفتمان آمایشی آمایش ایران

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۰
جلب مشارکت نخبگانی برای گفتمان آمایشی از جمله موضوعاتی است که می تواند به هم اندیشی تخصصی برای ارائه یک الگوی مشارکتی از یک سو و تبیین مدل آمایشی مناسب برای کشور از سوی دیگر منجر شود. در همین زمینه آمایش بنیادین در برابر آمایش متعارف از جمله چارچوب ها و مفاهیمی است که همواره نیازمند تحلیل گفتمانی است تا به یک الگوی نهایی تکامل پیدا کند. هدف از نوشتار حاضر نیز طرح مباحثی است که از طریق آن بستر هم اندیشی و تحلیل گفتمانی در مورد تمایزات، تفاوت ها و تشابهات آمایش بنیادین در مقابل آمایش متعارف فراهم شود. به نظر می رسد در این تحلیل گفتمانی علاوه بر تبیین ابعاد مختلف آمایش بنیادین بتوان در جهت هرچه پربارتر کردن آن گام برداشت. در این مقاله ابتدا ابعاد مختلف آمایش بنیادین بررسی شده است و با تبیین ویژگی های مختلف آن سعی شده با بیان مهم ترین وجه تمایز، تفاوت و تشابه آن با آمایش متعارف تحلیل شود. از مهم ترین وجه تمایز رویکرد آمایش بنیادین می توان به حاکمیت ارزش های اسلامی و به ویژه نگاه به انسان است که می تواند سایر مولفه های آمایشی از جمله فعالیت، محیط انسانی، محیط طبیعی و در کل فضای جغرافیای را تحت تاثیر قرار دهد. از مهم ترین وجه تفاوت آمایش بنیادین نیز همین رویکرد یعنی نگاه انسانی به آمایش بنیادین در برابر نگاه آمایش متعارف است. در عین حال در جنبه های زیادی دو رویکرد آمایش بنیادین و آمایش متعارف دارای وجه تشابه های زیادی هستند که می تواند برای نهایی کردن آمایش بنیادین مورد استناد قرار گیرد.  
۵۲.

Is Iran's Approach to Missile Technology a Deterrent Mechanism or a Severe Threat to Regional and Supra-Regional Security?(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 1 - 19

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iran Supra-Regional Security Deterrent mechanism Defense-military strategy Security threats missile technology Security Challenges

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۱
Maintaining security, dealing with threats, and having military power to realize these things are the main concerns of countries that have security concerns. Therefore, strengthening internal power and improving the level of defense is one of the basic priorities of the government's policies. As a country with geostrategic, geopolitical and geoeconomic positions, Iran is facing important security challenges at the national, regional, and transnational levels, especially after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. The country has been at the heart of US political considerations due to Iran's political approach as a regional power in the Middle East. Iran has continuously faced serious challenges, especially from the US and Israel, and as a result, it has paid special attention to preventing possible threats from overcoming the dangers. For the national security of the country, Iranian policy makers have identified threats to national security and are trying to take measures to avoid risks. The development of military technology is defined as a key deterrent mechanism against security threats.This article analyzes the impact of the evolution of missile technology on Iran's defense-security strategy. The descriptive and analytical method is used in this article and the geopolitical and geostrategic threats against Iran are discussed. Next, Iran's defense strategy and defense policy are analyzed, then defense diplomacy and deterrence strategy are examined. The main purpose of the article is to explain Iran's goals in developing missile technology. This technology aims to create a deterrent mechanism against threats to regional and extra-regional security.
۵۳.

Analyzing the Future of the Persian Gulf, Focusing on Iran-Saudi Arabia Relations(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۶) 158 - 190

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitical region Regional convergence Futurology MICMAC

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۷ تعداد دانلود : ۵۹
The Persian Gulf has long been a major geopolitical target of debate between Iran and Saudi Arabia, whose relations exert the greatest degree of influence over geopolitical affairs and proceedings of this region. In the course of the past decade, these long-standing relations sustained various political blemishes and tensions, the aftermath of which ushered in the withering of the region. Yet, current shifts in the status of Iran/Arabia relations bespeak of eases in such tensions, which in practical terms can significantly change the geopolitics of the Persian Gulf, promising improvements in the economics, security, and military standing of this region. In this light, the present study proceeds with an analysis of the key factors and influential drivers affecting the prospective geopolitics of the Persian Gulf, with an emphasis on relations between the two countries thereof. In terms of methodology, this study is an applied research employing data obtained via interviews with experts of the field. As evident from the findings, the most influential parameters affecting the geopolitics of the Persian Gulf include factors of trans-regional partners, authoritative powers, joint markets, maritime cooperation, oil and gas trades, arms races, intra-regional conflicts, currency relations, transit of goods and interventions by China. Taking into account such factors allows for a geopolitical convergence in the region.This future study regarding the sources of tension and  regional opportunities in the Persian Gulf, particularly from the perspective of constructive strategies in the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia, benefits from the use of innovative research techniques..
۵۴.

The Economic Approach to the Analysis of Drug Trafficking in Central Asia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 114 - 133

کلیدواژه‌ها: drug trafficking Central Asia economic approach strategy Security

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۵
Drug trafficking is one of the main problems in Central Asia, and addressing it requires huge efforts. However, the efficiency of these efforts is doubtful, since the more effort, the more adaptive drug trafficking becomes. In Central Asia, this problem is associated with both historical prerequisites and the socio-economic situation in the region. This article discusses drug trafficking in Central Asia as an economic phenomenon and identifies the key factors that enable public policy to be more efficient in this field. The authors have analyzed the main strategy for the development of Central Asian countries and the development of synergistic actions system for developed economies (the main consumers of Afghan drugs), which may contribute to a significant reduction in drug trafficking. The major contribution of the article is in the analysis of existing and possible new routes of drug trafficking and the development of an index to assess the country's attractiveness for drug traffickers. The authors have identified two new routes and emphasized the downward trend in the attractiveness of the traditional Northern route. The novelty of the article lies in the developed conceptual models: drug circle; upstream – midstream – downstream drug trafficking; the Index of Drug Trafficking Attractiveness.     
۵۵.

The Impacts of Afghanistan’s Imbroglio on the Interests and Connectivity of Pakistan with Central Asia(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۶) 220 - 236

کلیدواژه‌ها: Pakistan Central Asia Afghanistan inter-regional connectivity energy Security

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۱ تعداد دانلود : ۵۳
The decades-long imbroglio in Afghanistan has negative impacts on both the domestic and foreign affairs of Pakistan. Along with other economic, political and strategic impacts, it also negatively impacts the interests and connectivity with energy-rich Central Asian Republics. The primary objective of this study is to explore the impacts of Afghanistan’s issue on Pakistan’s engagement in Central Asia. The imbroglio is impacting Pakistan's engagement with Central Asia in two ways. First, Afghanistan is located on the crossroad; all the shortest routes connecting Pakistan with Central Asia cross through its territory. Therefore, the insecurity in the country made it unconducive for any connectivity project. Trans-Afghan railway project, TAPI, TAP-500, CASA-1000, and many other projects between the two regions are still a dream. Second, the Afghan policy of Pakistan to support the Taliban was not liked by the CARs. It has also negatively impacted Pakistan's engagement with them. This study is based on the Complex Interdependence Theory, which helps to understand why, despite these problems and differences, Pakistan and CARs are cooperating and working together.
۵۶.

طراحی مدل سنجش قدرت ملی کشورها(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ پاییز ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۳ (پیاپی ۷۵) 1 - 33

کلیدواژه‌ها: قدرت ملی توزیع فضایی قدرت مدل سنجش قدرت ملی وزن ژئوپلیتیکی نظام قدرت جهانی

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۲۵
قدرت ملی یکی از بحث های مهم و مورد تاکید در بین صاحب نظران جغرافیای سیاسی و روابط بین الملل محسوب می گردد. زیرا عامل اصلی دوام، بقا و پایداری یک سازه سیاسی فضایی یا کشور محسوب می گردد. قدرت ملی از ابعاد گوناگونی تشکیل شده است. در این مقاله با بررسی ادبیات و مبانی نظری، و نیز بهره گیری از نظرات 77 متخصص داخلی و خارجی شاخص های مهم و تاثیرگذار بر وزن ژئوپلیتیکی و قدرت ملی کشورها در ابعاد نه گانه (سرزمینی، اقتصادی، علمی، فرهنگی، اجتماعی، سیاسی، نظامی، فرامرزی و فضایی) احصا شده است. سپس در قالب مدل ریاضی امکان اندازه گیری قدرت ملی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. نتایج تحقیق نشان می دهد که می توان وزن ژئوپلیتیکی و قدرت ملی کشورها را بصورت جمع جبری نقش مثبت و منفی متغیرهای کمی و کیفی در غالب مدل ریاضی و جامع برآورد نمود. همچنین با استفاده از روش بی مقیاس خطی، می توان داده ها را به صورت همتراز درآورد و در ترکیب با یکدیگر قدرت ملی کشورها را مورد سنجش و ارزیابی قرار داد. در این پژوهش مدل سنجش قدرت ملی بصورت پویا ملاحظه شده و با طراحی نرم افزار ویژه، امکان بروزسازی متغیرهای مدل و نیز سنجش سالیانه نظام قدرت جهانی و منطقه ای و بررسی تطبیقی تغییرات نظام قدرت و نیز الگوی توزیع فضایی قدرت جهانی، منطقه ای و ملی فراهم شده است.
۵۷.

City Diplomacy and the Formation of Inter-City Relations around the Persian Gulf(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۴ (پیاپی ۷۶) 26 - 49

کلیدواژه‌ها: Persian Gulf City Diplomacy Globalization Urban networks New regionalism

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۴۲ تعداد دانلود : ۶۴
Following the contemporary globalization process, cities have gained a strong presence in world politics, and by connecting to international urban networks, they play an effective role in the common interests of themselves and other urban actors. The current research aims to investigate the requirements of forming an international union of cities around the Persian Gulf by strengthening city diplomacy in the region with the benefit of a descriptive-analytical method. In this regard, the background of economic and social relations and the region's current situation have been investigated using reliable sources and articles. Finally, the model of city diplomacy in the Persian Gulf region has been presented. The research findings show that the cities of this region have moved in the direction of divergence despite the presence of many convergence factors, and the formation of an international urban union in the region will play an effective role in increasing convergence and greater peace in the region.
۵۸.

Qeshm Geopark and an Evaluation of its Capabilities for Various Activities(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 323 - 349

کلیدواژه‌ها: Qeshm Geopark Ecological Power Power Evaluation Spatial planning

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۸ تعداد دانلود : ۱۵۰
The registration of Qeshm Geopark as the first geopark of Iran and the Middle East region in the list of global geoparks by UNESCO along with its natural, cultural, historical, economic, commercial and military capabilities has brought Qeshm Island to a unique position. It has made it have international value in addition to national and regional value. One of the ways to achieve coordinated development with the principles of sustainability and spatial planning is to evaluate the ecological potential of areas; this article examines the potential of using Qeshm Geopark for various activities. The current research has evaluated the potential of Qeshm Geopark in relation to agricultural activities, environmental protection, tourism, urban and commercial development, and industrial development using a systemic perspective and providing an ecological model. In this research, documentary information was collected from available library sources, and in the next step, maps related to the shape of the land in Qeshm Geopark were prepared in the GIS environment, after combining and analyzing the maps and combining them with existing social information ؛Economic information, in the final exploitation capacity of Qeshm Geopark, based on the ecological model of exploitation and using the multi-factor evaluation method, has been investigated at the level of the whole island. The results show that Qeshm Geopark has a suitable and high capacity for tourism development and extensive and concentrated industrial development and lacks sufficient capacity for agricultural development And the ecological potential and urban development and environmental protection has been assessed as moderate.
۵۹.

Popular Mobilization Forces in Iraq: Obedience to Law Dilemma(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ زمستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ویژه نامه 231 - 272

کلیدواژه‌ها: Popular Mobilization Forces Shia Iraqi State Rule of Law

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۱ تعداد دانلود : ۵۰
In June 2014, Ayatollah Ali Al-Sistani issued a fatwa mandating Iraqis to volunteer in the security forces to fight against ISIS. Consequently, the Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), otherwise called Alhashd Alshabi, were formed primarily from these volunteers, most of whom were Shias. In December 2016, the Iraqi Parliament issued a law that granted full legal status to the PMF. However, the PMF continued to face accusations of disobedience to the laws of the Iraqi state and the orders of the Commander-in-Chief of the Iraqi Armed Forces, raising concerns about its impact on the state's stability. This article aims to examine the nature of some PMF violations of the rule of law, explore the root causes of this phenomenon, and assess the possibility of eliminating or mitigating it. It argues that this phenomenon has social, historical, and religious origins tied to the relationship between the Shia in Iraq and the state. In particular, the internal divisions within the PMF stem from differences in perspectives regarding the rule of law. Thus, the article suggests that addressing this problem requires a long-term strategy beyond mere legal transformations. The article adopts a qualitative approach, which relies on the collection and analysis of data from the literature.
۶۰.

National Identity Training in Belgian Primary Schools: An Investigation into Educational Content Based on a Survey of Teachers(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: ژئوپلیتیک سال ۲۰ تابستان ۱۴۰۳ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۷۴) 20 - 54

کلیدواژه‌ها: National identity Primary school curricula Belgian Government Formal Education

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۳
One of the most important factors in maintaining a nation's unity and integrity is national identity. If national identity is defined as a sense of belonging to a country whose citizens share a common language, land, cultural heritage, customs, emotions, memories, political system, beliefs, symbols, national heroes, history, economics, art and literature, and even religion, then this sense of belonging can be a source of national solidarity and unity. Governments all over the world take advantage of educational content at different educational levels to promote a common national identity among children and adolescents in order to maintain the existence and integrity of their own country. Based on national identity elements in the formal education of primary schools in Belgium, this study aimed to analyze the answers of Belgian primary school teachers and principals to a 25-item questionnaire (sent to 3,140 primary schools in three languages of English, French, and Dutch). The results of analyzing the survey results based on national identity elements contained in the educational content of primary schools indicated that the Belgian primary school teachers and principals seek to build a common national identity based on the constituents of Belgian nationality, even if they do not admit it verbally. Also Belgian government demonstrates that not only is not indifferent to national identity but it adopts programs and strategies to consolidate the national identity and build a unified nation based on Belgian values. This study employed desk studies, qualitative content analysis, and field studies to analyze the data obtained from questionnaires and direct observations.

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