درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose - This study, reviewing the literature in rural tourism development, has extracted factors affecting tourism development in rural areas . Design/methodology/approach - Using five approaches in rural tourism development and using a systematic review, this study has extracted factors affecting tourism development in rural areas; Therefore, the researcher studied the existing research in this field and finally 33 articles were selected that were appropriate to the purpose of the research. Finding - Factors of tourism development in rural areas fall into four categories: economic, managerial, socio-cultural and attractions. Regarding the economic factors, investing in the region and the region's willingness to invest were more important. Regarding cultural-social factors, much attention has been paid to issues such as villagers' participation, security in the village, the spirit of hospitality and education to the villagers in tourism. Planning and attention by the government, as well as efficient local management, are key factors in management, and about attractions, natural attractions such as natural landscapes, communication attractions such as proximity to cities and having access to roads and Communication and welfare attractions such as having accommodation facilities have been very prominent. Research limitations/implications - Carrying out further studies to classify the factors affecting tourism according to the climatic and cultural diversity of the villages. Weighting of extracted factors and planning on factors that have more weight and conducting studies by providing operational solutions for tourism development are needed. Unable to read some articles because of lack of full text. Practical implications - All economic, managerial, socio-cultural factors and attractions are essential in achieving tourism development with just slight defferent in impact weight. Therefore, it is necessary to have a comprehensive view of all factors in order to policy in rural tourism. The present study also showed the need for research to provide solutions for tourism development; Therefore, considering the community-based, economic, geographical and sustainable development approaches, it is necessary to provide solutions for the development of rural tourism with a comprehensive view of all factors. Originality / value - The novelty of the article is the use of systematic review method, which has received less attention from researchers in this field. The results of this research will be used among three bodies: scientific and elite, social and popular, organizational and managerial.

Purpose- since governance has a direct and close relation to democracy and socio-economic development everywhere, and it is considered to be the main discussion of the discourse of sustainable rural development, the purpose of the present study is to examine the position of governance indicators in rural areas of Abarkooh town and its impact on the villagers' higher participation.   Methodology - the present research has been conducted using a descriptive-analytical method and the data were obtained through survey methods. The statistical population of this study were rural district governors, members of Islamic councils and residents of Abarkooh town. Chi-square test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression coefficient were used to analyze the data. Research findings- the results indicate that the villagers had the highest participation of villagers is in manpower and participation in land donation is in the second place and financial aids is in the last place due to the weak financial strength of the villagers. According to the results of the T-test, the scores of the items related to the indicators of rural governance in Abarkooh town are at a desired level and the highest values belong to social trust and social justice indicators and the lowest value belongs to rule of law indicator. The results of Wilcoxon test show that, the impact of feasibility of governance indicators on public participation in this area has been at a high level. Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to examine each of the governance indicators "transparency and accountability, efficiency and effectiveness, social justice, awareness, social trust, rule of law, acceptance of participation" as independent variables on villagers' participation in the dimensions of "manpower, financial assistance, land donation, (which were aggregated) as dependent variables and determine the effect of each of these dimensions. The correlation test value equal to 0.712 shows a significant, positive and direct relationship between independent and dependent variables of the present research. The modified determination coefficient indicates that, 69.4% changes in villagers' participation level is related to feasibility of principles of governance in the study area; therefore, holding meetings for rural people, rural district governors and members of councils for more interaction and informing people about their rights, clarification of financial and income issues and identification of capabilities of human society can play an essential role in feasibility of this matter.

Purpose- Leisure is influential in shaping social identity and helpful for social growth, which occurs in legal and illegal ways. The illegal form is a behavior that is out of control and causes irreversible damage to individuals and their families. Therefore, investigating the role of illegal leisure time (gambling and betting games) is necessary to improve the quality of social life, especially for rural households. To this end, this study aims to investigate the role of illegal leisure time, particularly gambling, on the social conditions of rural households. Design/methodology/approach - This research is descriptive-analytical in terms of its aim and method. The data collection tools are questionnaires and interviews from a sample of 362 households. The statistical population is rural households, both involved and uninvolved, in Varza Jang (an animal fight tournament) located in Kuchesfahan District, Belesbeneh Rural District (N = 5819). A sample group was selected using Cochran’s Formula and Quota sampling. In addition, a one-sample t-test, Friedman rank test and path analysis were used to analyze the data. Findings- The results of the t-test showed that in the component of social anomalies, the indicator of violence and tension in the family with an average of 3.86 had the highest, and the indicator of suicide with an average of 1.39 had the lowest social effects on the studied rural households. Also, in the component of family and individual abnormalities and problems, the stress indicator in children with an average of 3.91 had the highest, and the indicator of family separation and divorce with an average of 2.89 had the lowest average affecting the social effects of the respondents. Also, the results of the path analysis showed that betting and gambling were effective on all indicators of the two components of social anomalies and individual anomalies. Originality/value- For this reason, gambling significantly impacts children's stress, violence, tension and divorce in families.

Purpose- The consequences of drought and the damages inflicted on the rural community, which are major challenges confronting rural communities to achieve sustainable development, mirror the poor resilience of farmers against this risk. Therefore, the main issue of the current research is to explore the factors affecting Pakdasht farmers' drought resilience. Design/Method/Approach: This paper adopts a descriptive-analytical research method. The data collection is based on library study analysis and field surveys. The main data collection instrument is a questionnaire completed by the subjects (n=381 farmers). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software as well as t-test, regression, analysis of variance, the COCOSO technique and the COPELAND technique. Finding- The t-test was used to investigate the drought resilience status of villagers. The socio-cultural, psychological, and economic components, except for those related to the extent of damages, environmental factors and institutional performance, and the scale of civil and physical development in the region under study, were in a balanced and favorable condition, but the items of the institutional framework, institutional relations, and technological level and infrastructure were not desirable. The correlation between researches indices in the region is 0.747, meaning that mentioned indices can explain 74% of the variances. The result of the ANOVA test suggested that the villages of Pakdasht County were not significantly different in terms of the psychological index (Sig=0.085) of resilience. Informed by the findings of the COCOSO technique, the farmers of Filestan village are more drought-resistant than the farmers in other villages. Greater participation of people, diversity of economic activities, appropriate physical and civil development, technological advancement and more suitable infrastructure are some of the factors that contribute to the higher resilience of farmers in this village. According to Copeland’s method, the variables of education and awareness as well as the diversity of economic activities of the farmer's household ranked high in terms of importance. Originality/value- The results of this research can help organizations in charge of handling drought in the villages of Pakdasht to gain deeper insights into the existing conditions so that they can enhance the resilience of farmers during drought using the presented solutions. It also allows officials to diversify economic activities and promote complementary businesses as effectively as possible.