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The male-female differences in burnout and its possible effect on EFL teachers’ performance has not received much attention in the literature of burnout. To address this issue, the researchers conducted this study to investigate the effect of burnout and, more specifically, its three subcomponents–Emotional, Exhaustion (EE), Depersonalization (DP), and Personal Accomplishment (PA)–on the teaching performance of male and female EFL teachers in an L2 teaching/learning context. The participants of this study were 30 (15 males and 15 females) English teachers of five private language institutes and 150 students of the same teachers. The data were collected through the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Educator Survey (MBI-ES) and Characteristics of Successful Iranian EFL Teachers Questionnaire. Multiple regression analysis, independent-samples t test and descriptive statistics were used in the data analysis process. The results showed that burnout does not influence the teachers’ performance in a significant way. Additionally, it was revealed that there was no significant difference between the levels of burnout in male and female teachers. The findings challenge the common belief that burnout can greatly affect the teachers’ performance and that female teachers are more likely to experience burnout than male teachers, revealing instead that burnout does not significantly affect the performance of teachers and there is no significant difference between male and female teachers in their levels of burnout.

The current study investigated the effect of collaborative prewriting activities on learners’ identity construction and L2 writing development. To this end, 43 sophomore upper-intermediate university students majoring in Teaching English as a Foreign Language at an Iranian university who had enrolled in a course called Advanced Writing were randomly divided into two experimental groups (groups A and B) and one control group (group C). While the students in group A were involved in group activities, the students in group B were engaged in pair activities. The students in control group (group C) worked individually. As a pre-test, a pen-and-paper writing task was given to all the students at the beginning of the semester. During the semester, all the participants were exposed to the same materials and were taught by the same teacher for one semester. The only difference was the type of activities in which the participants were engaged. At the end of one semester, a pen-and-paper writing task was given to all the three groups. The findings of the post-test revealed that all the students could significantly improve their writing skills. Nevertheless, the students in group B significantly outperformed their counterparts. Most importantly, the results of identity analysis showed that the students in group A used authorial plural pronouns along with adjectives more frequently. The findings of this study confirmed two issues: first, the significant efficacy of prewriting activities were confirmed at the end of the semester. Second, each type of prewriting activity could affect the learners’ identity construction

با وجود اینکه تعداد بسیاری از تحقیقات در مورد مسایل منظورشناختی در کل و به صورت اختصاصی تر در مورد موضوعرعایت ادب صورت گرفته است، موضوع عدم رعایت ادب بسیار نادیده گرفته شده است. در این تحقیق از شرکت کنندگان درخواست شده که به نسخه های فارسی و انگلیسی یک پرسشنامه کتبی تکمیل گفتگو (WDCT) پاسخ دهند. پاسخ های جمع آوری شده به منظور تجزیه و تحلیل رابطه میان عدم رعایت ادب و قدرت بررسی شدند. بعلاوه پاسخ های پرسشنامه فارسی با پاسخ های معادل انگلیسی آن مقایسه شدند تا تفاوت آنها از نظر رابطه میان عدم رعایت ادب و قدرت بررسی گردد.نتایج حاصله بر اساس تعداد موارد عدم رعایت ادب نشان داد که علیرغم وجود رابطه ای مستقیم میان عدم رعایت ادب و قدرت در داده های زبان فارسی، هیچ رابطه ای در پاسخ های جمع آوری شده به زبان انگلیسی مشاهده نشد. از نظر رابطه میان عدم رعایت ادب و قدرت تفاوت معناداری میان داده های زبان فارسی و انگلیسی مشاهده شد. می توان نتیجه گرفت که زبان آموزان انگلیسی به عنوان زبان دوم، علیرغم آگاهی از رابطه میان عدم رعایت ادب و قدرت در زبان اول خود، دانش کافی در مورد این ارتباط در زبان دوم خود ندارند.

The aim of this study was to find out whether listening to English songs can improve pre-intermediate EFL learners’ listening comprehension. To this end, a non-randomized pretest-posttest control group design as one of the quasi-experimental research designs was employed. The sample of the study consisted of 40 male and female English learners from two classes in an Institute in Marand, Iran. The two classes were randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. Then, a PET test was used to check the homogeneity of both groups. The listening section of PET was also considered as the pretest of the study. Then, fifteen English songs were used in the experimental group during the treatment period. Each session, within 45 minutes, one song was played for and practiced with the learners. Meanwhile, the control group had their usual teacher -fronted class without listening to songs. At the end, both groups were post tested on their listening comprehension using the listening section of another version of PET. The collected data were analyzed using Independent-Samples and Paired-Samples t-tests. The results revealed a statistically significant improvement in the performance of the experimental group. It is implied that songs are not only an entertaining tool but they can also be used as a pedagogic material in improving learners’ listening comprehension.

دعوتنامه ی ازدواج به عنوان گونه ای اجتماعی و فرهنگی ویژه، فرصتی شایان توجه را برای مقایسه ی ارزش های فرهنگی اجتماعی منعکس شده در محتوای نوشتاری و ترکیب قسمت های مختلف این گونه در جوامع مختلف زبانی فراهم می نماید. با استفاده ازآموزش گونه ای می توان دانش آموزان را با این گونه و اجزای مختلف تشکیل دهنده ی آن آشنا نمود. آموزش گونه ای این فرصت را به دانش آموزان می دهد که گونه های شناخته شده و بارز در زبان اول و دومشان را مطالعه نموده و اجزای تشکیل دهنده مشترک و همچنین اختصاصی گونه ها را با نگاهی میان فرهنگی و میان زبانی بررسی کنند. تحقیق حاضر بر آن بوده است که دعوتنامه ی ازدواج را به وسیله ی دو روش مکمل و هم پوشاننده ی تحلیل گونه ای و تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان بررسی نماید. تعداد 100 کارت( از هر جامعه 50 کارت) جمع آوری و مورد تجزیه و تحلیل مفایسه ای قرار گرفتند. نتایج تحلیل گونه ای نشان داد که کارت دعوت عروسی در هر دو جامعه زبانی شامل بخش های مشابه و مختلفی در ساختار گونه ای است. نتایج تحلیل انتقادی گفتمان نشان داد که سطح سنتی بودن، مذهبی بودن،، مرد سالاری و سطح تحصیلات از تاثیر گذارترین عوامل بر گونه دعوت نامه ازدواج در هردو جامعه هستند اما شدت تاثیر این عوامل در این دو جامعه زبانی یکسان نیست. نتایج این تحقیق عوامل فرهنگی و اجتماعی حاکم بر دو جامعه ی زبانی ایرانی آمریکایی را مشخص میکند