درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Background: Shoulder impingement syndrome is a common complication that causes pain and disability, functional limitations and reduced quality of life. This syndrome is usually seen in people who are involved in activities and sports involving rotating movements above the head, including bodybuilders. Meanwhile, corrective exercises have been considered as an intervention in the rehabilitation of the condition. Exercises based on National Academy of Sports Medicine (NASM) principles are known as one of the new methods in the rehabilitation and prevention of sports injuries.Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and permanence of corrective exercises on pain intensity, functional disability and kinematic parameters of bodybuilders with shoulder impingement syndrome.Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental research with a pre-test-post-test design, 20 male bodybuilders with shoulder impingement syndrome were randomly assigned in two groups; corrective exercises as the experimental group (n=10) and control group (n=10). Visual Analog Scale (VAS) questionnaire was used for pain intensity. Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was used for functional disability. Kinovea software was used to kinematic parameters. The evaluations carried out during three stages: the pre-test, the first post-test (after 8 weeks) and the second post-test (after 12 weeks). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 0.05 using SPSS version 20 software.Results: The findings showed that after 8 weeks of corrective exercises, there were significant changes in pain intensity and functional disability in the experimental group (P<0.05). Also, significant changes in shoulder biomechanical parameters during flexion, abduction, external rotation and internal rotation movements were observed between the two groups (P<0.05). Permanence of the exercises in the studied variables after 12 weeks showed a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be stated that a course of NASM exercises reduced shoulder pain, improved functional disability and improved kinematic parameters in male bodybuilders with shoulder impingement syndrome.

Purpose: The number of damages and severity of the injury has increased in recent years in handball. Recent studies have reported that functional testing before the season is associated with future injuries of athletes. However, the findings related to these studies are inconsistent. The current study aims to examine the accuracy of functional testing to predict the amount and severity of lower limb injuries of handball athletes in Tehran.   Method: 80 people of handball players (men) of league clubs of Tehran in the age range of 20-30 years were purposefully selected. Next, functional testing, including the Y balance, single-leg jump, and Functional Movement Screen (FMS) was taken from them. The hours of exercise and competition for teams, along with the number of players' injuries, were recorded during the half-season of competitions. To predict the severity and incidence rate of the injury, the univariate curve estimation regression test was used. Results: The results of this test showed that among functional testing, only single-leg jump (p= 0.035) could predict the severity of the injury incidence, and none of the tests the incidence rate of the injury (p> 0.05). Conclusions: It can be said that only single-leg jump can predict the severity of weak injuries (less than 10 lost days), and screening tests of functional activities have a very limited application to identify the handball athletes at risk of the injury.

Background: High-velocity low-intensity actions result in reduced hemodynamic responses. Additionally, eccentric actions are associated with reduced hemodynamic and metabolic responses. Aim: This study aimed to investigate acute hemodynamic, hematological, and electrocardiographic responses to high-velocity low-intensity concentric resistance exercise (HVLICRE) and low-velocity high-intensity eccentric resistance exercise (LVHIERE) in healthy young adults. Materials and Methods: In this study, 16 healthy young men were divided into two groups (HVLICRE: 40% 1RM, LVHIERE: 80% 1RM). The exercise protocol consisted of five sets of 10 repetitions, with 90 sec of rest between the sets and a two-second interval between actions. For data analysis, repeated measures ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Bonferroni's post hoc test were performed at a significance level of P ≤0.05. Results: LVHIERE led to greater RPE ( P ≤0.05), compared to HVLICRE. Also, LVHIERE was associated with a significant increase in the activity of the sympathetic nervous system and a significant decrease in the parasympathetic nervous system as compared to HVLICRE ( P ≤0.05). Conclusion: HVLICRE and LVHIERE produced similar effects on blood glucose, serum lactate, hematocrit, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. LVHIERE can be investigated as part of the strategy of rehabilitation programs in future studies.