مطالب

Objective : This study examines the challenges and strategic approaches to developing and sustaining medical tourism supply chains (MTSC), particularly in developing countries. Medical tourism is one of the fastest-growing sectors within the global tourism industry, generating significant economic impact through the cross-border movement of patients seeking medical care. Despite its growth potential, numerous barriers hinder the effective design and implementation of sustainable MTSCs, especially in emerging economies such as Iran.  Methodology: The study uses the fuzzy Step-wise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SWARA) to quantify the relative importance of various barriers to MTSC development. Subsequently, the fuzzy Weighted Aggregated Sum Product Assessment (WASPAS) method is used to prioritize strategic interventions to overcome the identified barriers. This hybrid fuzzy MCDM approach effectively handles the inherent uncertainty and subjectivity in expert evaluations, thereby providing a robust decision-making framework. Results : Findings indicate that among the main barriers, the lack of technological support to facilitate supply chain activities constitutes the most critical hurdle faced by Iran’s medical tourism industry. The limited adoption and implementation of technological innovations restrict efficient coordination, information sharing, and overall supply chain sustainability. In response to these challenges, the study identifies "economic and incentives-based strategies" as the foremost approach for overcoming barriers in MTSCs. This strategy emphasizes the creation of financial incentives, subsidies, and economic policies to encourage innovation, infrastructure development, and enhanced stakeholder collaboration. Conclusion : Policy implications suggest that governments and healthcare providers in developing countries should prioritize investments in technology and infrastructure, alongside devising incentive schemes tailored to the medical tourism sector. Collaboration among various stakeholders—including healthcare institutions, tourism agencies, technology providers, and policymakers—is critical to creating resilient supply chains that can adapt to evolving market demands and global health trends.

Partant d’un diagnostic des difficultés linguistiques des élèves, une démarche didactique de la réécriture accompagnée a été adoptée et développée dans une séquence didactique centrée sur le type argumentatif. L’analyse qualitative des données montre que les élèves du groupe d’intervention ont nettement progressé par rapport au groupe contrôle. Les écrits de ces derniers font apparaître un net progrès dans l’écriture d’un texte et ses procédures. Une analyse quantitative et statistique, réalisée à l’aide du logiciel SPSS, vient par la suite confirmer les résultats de l’analyse qualitative. Les résultats soulignent l’importance de l’enseignement des procédures rédactionnelles et de la distanciation par rapport à l’écrit. Ces éléments, et d’autres, nous ont offert des pistes didactiques intéressantes qui peuvent constituer des hypothèses de recherche pour des études ultérieures.