درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The axis of resistance, which consists of Iran, Syria, Lebanon's Hezbollah, Hamas, Palestinian Islamic Jihad, Iraq's Popular Mobilization Forces, and Yemen's Ansarullah Movement, is known as one of the most influential powers in the region. The expansion of the axis of re-sistance provided many benefits and opportunities for the Islamic Republic of Iran, among which was the deepening of the military and strategic geography of the Islamic Republic of Iran and the improvement of the internal and external power balance of this country. This research aims to investigate the impact of the axis of resistance on the balance of power in the Middle East region between 2002 and 2020, using the theoretical framework of the balance of power and neo-realist ideas and based on the descriptive-analytical method, and by using li-brary and internet resources, it tries to answer the question of how the axis of resistance has influenced the security (balance of power) of the Middle East during the years 2002 to 2020? The results show that the resistance axis by overcoming extremist and Salafist groups, and Western regional allies, including Turkey and Saudi Arabia, has led to the superiority of the balance of power in favor of the resistance axis from 2002 to 2020.

Good governance addresses how governments manage societies. It plays a special role in the efficiency of governments. The present research, utilizing a descriptive-analytical method, library studies, and survey investigations, aims to analyze the efficiency of post-Islamic Revo-lution governments from the viewpoints of transparency and corruption control, emphasizing the Khatami and Rouhani governments. For this purpose, a questionnaire consisting of 20 items, including transparency and corruption control indicators based on the Cochran formula, was distributed randomly among 384 professors and postgraduate students specializing in po-litical science in the universities of Gilan province. The results obtained from the analysis of collected data, using SPSS software and conducting Chi-square and Friedman tests, showed the results of the Chi-square test with a significance level equal to 0.021 and less than 0.05. The impact of transparency and corruption control indicators among the indices of good gov-ernance on the efficiency of Khatami and Rouhani governments is confirmed. Also, consider-ing the extracted average rankings, from a statistical community perspective, the presidency of Seyed Mohammad Khatami in the years (1997-2005) has been more efficient than the presi-dency of Hassan Rouhani (2013-2021) in terms of these two indicators.

Revolutions, as living and dynamic entities, like other political and social phenomena, are exposed to threats and challenges. Preserving and sustaining a revolution is more difficult than achieving victory in one. Therefore, maintaining the achievements and realizing the goals of the Islamic Revo-lution requires identifying the vulnerabilities that can weaken it. Given the importance of analyzing the vulnerabilities of the Islamic Revolution for its preservation and continuation, this research aims to revisit the views of Martyr Motahari on the vulnerabilities of the Islamic Revolution and the strategies to counter these threats. This study, utilizing a descriptive-analytical research method and through document analysis of articles and books, along with notes from written sources, addresses the main question of this paper: What is Martyr Motahari’s perspective on the challenges facing the Islamic Revolution that hinder the realization of its final objectives and its continuation? The re-sults from the analysis of the collected data show that, according to Martyr Motahari, the most im-portant factor in the victory of the Islamic Revolution was the connection between what “is” and what “ought to be”, based on the teachings of Islam. The greatest threats to the Islamic Revolution, he believed, are drifting away from Islam, forgetting its objectives, principles, and Islamic values. In this context, threats such as ideological deviations, transformation, hypocrisy, dogmatism, and in-justice are highlighted. Martyr Motahari’s strategy for preserving and sustaining the Islamic Revolu-tion, and his solutions to counter these challenges, lies in reviving religious thought and applying Islamic teachings in both knowledge and practice. Additionally, maintaining and realizing inde-pendence, freedom, spirituality, and justice are crucial in this regard.