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Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the structural model of loneliness and marital commitment with an attitude toward extra-marital relationships, with the mediation of identity styles in married women and men. Methods: For the research design, we used correlation and structural equation modeling. Statistical population including all married women and men of Ramsar City, among whom 230 individuals were selected through convenience sampling and responded to the Loneliness Scale Russell et al., (1980), Marital Commitment Questionnaire Adams & Jones (1997), Extra-marital Relationships Attitudes Questionnaire Wheatley's, (2008), and Identity Styles Scale Berzonsky (1989). All data were analyzed using SPSS 26, AMOS 24, and Macro Preacher & Hayes' (2008) program. Results: The findings indicated that loneliness and diffuse-avoidant identity styles have a significant and positive effect on the attitude toward extra-marital relationships, while marital commitment and commitment identity style have a significant and negative effect on the attitude toward extra-marital relationships. Bootstrapping results showed that information identity style, diffuse-avoidant identity styles, and commitment identity style play a mediating role in the relationships between loneliness and the attitude toward extra-marital relationships. Marital commitment indirectly affects the attitude toward extra-marital relationships through information identity style and commitment identity style. Conclusion: The research findings, by confirming the influential role of loneliness, marital commitment, and identity styles on extra-marital relationships, provide appropriate implications for work in the field of extra-marital relationships for practitioners in the family domain.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to provide a structural equation modeling for the effect of personality traits on bulimia nervosa with the mediating role of emotional intelligence in nurses. Methods: This research was a descriptive-correlational study that employed structural equation modeling with partial least squares. The research population consisted of all nurses of medical sciences hospitals in Tabriz in 2022. The research sample was 335 people who were selected using stratified sampling. The research tools employed for this purpose were the shorter form of NEO-FFI (NEO Five-Factor Inventory; 1985), the Binge Eating Scale (BES; Gormally et al., 1982), and Schering's Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1996). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and Smart PLS 3 plus SPSS 26 were used for data analysis.  Results: The results showed that in the proposed model, the five main personality traits, except the extroversion variable, have a significant direct and indirect effect on bulimia nervosa,  and another implication of this research is the significant direct effect of emotional intelligence on bulimia nervosa. Another finding was the significant direct effect of the main personality traits on emotional intelligence. Conclusion: The results suggest that interventions for bulimia nervosa should embed education on personality traits and emotional intelligence because, according to the findings, the lower the personality traits, such as neuroticism and higher emotional intelligence, the lower the probability of bulimia nervosa.

 Objective: Families frequently experience a variety of wonderful occurrences and, at times, face difficult circumstances, such as the birth of a child with special needs. These conditions can profoundly affect the dynamics of a family. This research aimed to examine parental stress and locus of control between parents of children with certain learning disorder and those without.Methods: This study utilized a descriptive-comparative methodology. The statistics population comprised all primary school students in the city of Talesh during March to June 2024. The research sample consisted of 116 people (56 parents of children with specific learning disorder and 60 parents with children without specific learning disorder) who were selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Internal-External Locus of Control (IPC) scale. Multivariate analysis of variance and independent t-tests were employed to analyze the data.Results: The findings revealed a notable disparity in parental stress and locus of control between parents of children with specific learning disorder and those without (P<0.05).Conclusion: The findings indicate that parents of children with learning disorder endure elevated stress levels and a heightened perception of loss of control, hence increasing their risk.

 Objective: The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between coping styles and psychological well-being in female heads of households.Methods: The research design was quantitative, descriptive and within the framework of the correlational method. The statistical population of the research was formed by all the women heads of the household in Sarai, Yousef Abad neighborhood of Tehran in 2024. In this study, using convenience sampling, 50 women were selected as samples. In order to collect research data, Coping Styles Questionnaire for Stressful Situations (CISS) and Ryff scale of psychological well-being (RSPWB) were used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-26 software, and research hypotheses and data were analyzed using correlation test, one-sample t, one-factor ANOVA, and Tukey's post hoc test.Results: The results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between problem-oriented coping style and psychological well-being in women heads of households. Also, there is a significant negative relationship between emotional and avoidant coping styles with psychological well-being. According to (P<0.01) for all hypotheses, the level of significance has been proven.Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that female heads of households who use a problem-oriented coping style have a greater sense of self-efficacy and peace of mind, and the use of previous experiences in solving various life problems will make them self-reliant people. And they have higher psychological well-being, and in contrast to female heads of households who use an emotional and avoidant coping style, they have lower psychological well-being.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness-based psychotherapy on functional flexibility and health hardiness in patients with coronavirus anxiety during the epidemic. Methods: This research utilized a quasi-experimental method with a pre-test, post-test design, including a control group and a three-month follow-up period. The statistical population comprised individuals with coronavirus anxiety who contacted counseling centers in Isfahan for telephone consultations during the summer of 2021. From this population, 33 individuals were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. Participants in the experimental group received mindfulness-based psychotherapy (8 sessions) based on Kabat-Zinn's protocol (2003) over two months. The questionnaires used in this study included the Functional Flexibility Questionnaire (Dennis & Vander Wal, 2010), the Health Hardiness Questionnaire (Gibbhardt, VanderDerf, & Powell, 2001), and the Coronavirus Anxiety Questionnaire (Alipour et al., 2019). Data were analyzed using mixed ANOVA with SPSS23 statistical software. Findings: The results indicated that mindfulness-based psychotherapy significantly impacted functional flexibility (P<0.0001; Eta=0.62; F=52.32) and health hardiness (P<0.0001; Eta=0.65; F=55.09) in patients with coronavirus anxiety. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, mindfulness-based psychotherapy, utilizing techniques such as mindful attitude, mindful activities, addressing problematic emotions, and breathing exercises, can be effectively used to improve functional flexibility and health hardiness in patients with coronavirus anxiety.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of problem-solving skills training based on the theories of Tolman and Bandura on the problem-solving styles of middle school students. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental. The population consisted of all female first-year middle school students in Hamadan, with a sample size of 75 students (three groups of 25), selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The D'Zurilla, Nezu, and Maydeu-Olivares problem-solving questionnaire (2000) was used for data collection. Problem-solving training sessions based on Tolman's theory followed a protocol provided by Tolman (1932), and those based on Bandura's theory followed a protocol by Bandura (1999), conducted over eight 60-minute weekly sessions for two months. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Covariance (MANCOVA) and the Scheffé post hoc test. Findings: There were differences in the impact of training based on these theories on students' problem-solving styles (P < .01). Training based on Tolman's theory was more effective in reducing the use of negative and impulsive problem-solving styles compared to training based on Bandura's theory (P < .01). Conclusion: These trainings increased the use of positive and logical orientation styles and decreased the use of negative, avoidant, and impulsive styles among students.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on cognitive fusion and social anxiety in women suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. Methods: This study was an applied, quasi-experimental design with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up, including a control group. The population consisted of all women with generalized anxiety disorder who attended counseling centers in Sari city. The sample included 30 women with generalized anxiety disorder, selected via convenience sampling and randomly assigned to two groups: the experimental group receiving ACT for social anxiety disorder (Hayes, 2012) and a wait-list control group. Data were collected using the Social Anxiety Questionnaire (Watson & Friend, 1969) and the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire (Gillanders, 2014). Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with SPSS-26 software. Findings: The results showed significant differences between the ACT treatment group and the control group. ACT was effective in reducing cognitive fusion (F = 15.25, p < .001) and social anxiety (F = 38.86, p < .001) in women with generalized anxiety disorder (p < .001). Conclusion: Therefore, it can be concluded that Acceptance and Commitment Therapy may serve as an effective intervention method for improving cognitive fusion and social anxiety in women with generalized anxiety disorder.

Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of emotion-focused therapy on self-efficacy and posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer. Methods: This quasi-experimental study (pre-test - post-test with control group) involved 30 women with breast cancer in Sari (2021) who were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of 15 participants each, an experimental group and a control group. The measurement instruments used were the General Self-Efficacy Scale by Schwarzer and Jerusalem (1979) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory by Tedeschi and Calhoun (1996), completed by the participants. Subsequently, participants in the experimental group attended 10 sessions of 60-minute emotion-focused therapy over a period of ten weeks. However, no therapy sessions were conducted for the control group. Ultimately, data analysis was performed using the covariance analysis method. Findings: The analysis revealed that after the intervention, there was a significant difference between the control and experimental groups in both variables of self-efficacy and posttraumatic growth (p ≤ .05). Significant differences were observed in the components of self-efficacy (general self-preparedness and social self-efficacy) and three components of posttraumatic growth (relating to others, personal strength, and appreciation of life) between the women in the experimental and control groups (p ≤ .05); however, no significant differences were observed in the components of new possibilities and spiritual change. Conclusion: The use of emotion-focused therapy is an appropriate intervention to enhance self-efficacy and posttraumatic growth in women with breast cancer, which can be beneficial for improving psychological well-being and better coping with the disease and treatment.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and emotion-focused therapy on attachment patterns, communication patterns, and lifestyle of incompatible couples who referred to counseling centers. Methods: This study is applied research in nature and quasi-experimental in execution, utilizing a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical population included all couples with incompatible spouses who referred to counseling centers (Behesht Counseling Center) in Isfahan in 2022. From this population, 45 individuals were selected using convenience and purposive sampling and divided into three groups: two experimental groups (each with 15 participants) and one control group (15 participants). The first experimental group underwent Goodwin's positive psychotherapy (2018) in ten sessions, and the second experimental group underwent Johnson's emotion-focused therapy (2006) in eight sessions. The questionnaires used in this study were Hazan and Shaver's Attachment Questionnaire (1987), Christensen and Sullaway's Communication Patterns Questionnaire (1984), and Miller-Smith's Lifestyle Questionnaire (2003). Findings: Using covariance analysis, the results indicated that, after controlling for pre-test levels, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups of incompatible couples in terms of attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure), communication patterns (constructive mutual), communication pattern (demand/withdraw), communication pattern (avoidant), and lifestyle. The effect size was 0.48 for emotion-focused therapy. Similarly, significant differences were observed for positive psychotherapy with an effect size of 0.41. There was a significant difference in the effectiveness of positive psychotherapy and emotion-focused therapy on attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure). Conclusion: Overall, the results indicate that emotion-focused therapy has a greater impact on attachment patterns (secure, avoidant-insecure, and ambivalent-insecure) compared to positive psychotherapy. Significant differences were also observed in the impact on communication patterns (constructive mutual, demand/withdraw, and avoidant) and lifestyle, with emotion-focused therapy showing a greater effect.