Journal of Family Relations Studies (JHRS)

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the role of Insecurity in Attachment and fear of intimacy in predicting the desire for remarriage in divorced women.Methods: This study was descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of this study consisted of divorced women in Tehran in 2020, and among them, 158 people were selected using convenience sampling and snowball methods through social networks. Data were collected using the Marriage Desire and Fear of Intimacy questionnaires and the Adult Attachment Scale. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis were also used to analyze data. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis at a significance level of (P<0.05), for which SPSS22 was used.Results: The results showed that fear of intimacy has a negative and significant relationship with the desire to remarry (r = -0.209; p = 0.008). However, anxious and avoidant insecure attachment styles did not show a significant relationship with the desire to remarriage. Multiple regression analysis showed that Fear of intimacy could explain only 3.8% of changes in remarriage desire among divorced women.Conclusion: The desire and tendency to remarry in divorced women is affected by negative experiences resulting from previous failed marriages or relationships. Therefore, paying attention to the healing of emotional wounds or psychological trauma in premarital counseling seems necessary before attempting to remarriage.

Objective: Participating in sports has many benefits for children, but sometimes there are some problems that make a series of worries and stress in their parents. Therefore, the current research was carried out to identify factors reducing parents’ stress while their children participate in sports activities.Methods:  The present study is practical in terms of its purpose and was conducted qualitatively via using the descriptive phenomenological method. The participants in the research consisted of university faculty members in the psychology department, sports psychologists, sports instructors, and parents in 2023. The sampling method was purposeful, and the interviews continued in a semi-structured manner up to number 14.Results: Effective Factors in reducing parents' stress during their children's participation in sports activities include 6 main contents: motivational awareness; factors relating to parents, children themselves, instructors, and peer groups; and the structure of sports places and clubs, which form a total of 48 sub-contents.Conclusion: Some of the most important themes expressed in the current research include proper interaction between parents, children, and club coaches, no verbal or physical violence by instructors towards elementary-aged children, and favorable relationships between children and their friends in the club.

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and resilience with academic engagement: the mediating role of social support among students in Urmia city. Methods: The current research was applied and descriptive. This research was descriptive and correlational. The statistical research community included all male students of the 10th grade of Urmia city schools in the academic year of 2022-2023. The research sample included 375 male students who were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. To collect research data, the parent-adolescent conflict questionnaire, resilience questionnaire, social support questionnaire, and academic engagement scale were used. Results: The results of the present study showed that the direct effect of parent-adolescent conflict, resilience, and social support on academic engagement is -0.52, 0.64, and 0.66, respectively. Also, the direct effect of parent-adolescent conflict and resilience on social support was -0.48 and 0.55, respectively, which is significant at the 0.001 level. Regarding the number of direct effects, the indirect effect of parent-adolescent conflict and resilience through social support on academic engagement is -0.31 and 0.36, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, social support plays a mediating role in the relationship between parent-adolescent conflict and resilience with academic engagement. One issue that can be seen clearly in society today and can be effective in the academic engagement of students is the generation gap, or in other words, parent-teenage conflict. Interparental conflict is defined as parental disagreement and arises from inconsistencies and common disagreements. In fact, conflict between parents has a significant impact on adolescent adjustment.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate the role of dysfunctional schemas, dark personality traits, emotional inhibition, and shame in predicting unsatisfactory sexual relations of couples. Methods:  The current research is practical in terms of its purpose and in terms of its implementation method; it is a descriptive and correlational study. In the current research, the research community was formed by all couples with sexual dissatisfaction in Tabriz city in 1401. 160 of these couples were selected by voluntary sampling method and Hudson et al. (1981) sexual satisfaction scale questionnaires, Jonason and Webster's Dirty Dozen questionnaire (2010), Yang schema questionnaire (2003), Kellner's emotional inhibition questionnaire (1986) and Cohen, Wolff, Guilt, and Shame Proneness Scale (GASP). In order to analyze the data, descriptive statistics methods (mean and standard deviation), correlation coefficient, and regression were used, observing the statistical assumptions in regression theories. Penter and Insko (2011) were completed. The results were analyzed using SPSS software version 26. Results: The findings showed that the relationship between dysfunctional schemas with sexual dissatisfaction (r=-0.431, P<0.01), narcissism (r=-0.355, P<0.01), emotional inhibition (r=0.367, P<0.01) and shame (r=0.342, P<0.01) were positive and significant, but with Machiavellianism (r=0.250, P<0.01) and antisocialism (r=0.238, P<0.01), was not significant. The correlation coefficient results showed that the relationship between dysfunctional schemas with sexual dissatisfaction (r=-0.431, P<0.01), narcissism (r=-0.355, P<0.01), emotional inhibition (r=0.367, P<0.01) and shame (r=0.342, P<0.01) was positive and significant, but with Machiavellianism (r=0.250, P<0.01) and antisocialism (r=0.238, P<0.01), was not significant. The results of regression analysis showed that The value of the coefficient of determination for the variables of ineffective schemas, narcissism, emotional inhibition, and shame had been obtained as 0.403, 0.336, 0.347 and 0.329, respectively, and it means that sexual dissatisfaction variable is 40.3% by Dysfunctional schemas can be predicted by 33.6% narcissism, 34.7% by emotional inhibition and 32.9% by shame; where the significance level for these variables was less than 0.05, it can be concluded that this effect is significant. Conclusion:  It is possible to reduce sexual dissatisfaction in couples with programs that reduce dysfunctional schemas, dark personalities, emotional inhibition, and shame.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the structural model of loneliness and marital commitment with an attitude toward extra-marital relationships, with the mediation of identity styles in married women and men. Methods: For the research design, we used correlation and structural equation modeling. Statistical population including all married women and men of Ramsar City, among whom 230 individuals were selected through convenience sampling and responded to the Loneliness Scale Russell et al., (1980), Marital Commitment Questionnaire Adams & Jones (1997), Extra-marital Relationships Attitudes Questionnaire Wheatley's, (2008), and Identity Styles Scale Berzonsky (1989). All data were analyzed using SPSS 26, AMOS 24, and Macro Preacher & Hayes' (2008) program. Results: The findings indicated that loneliness and diffuse-avoidant identity styles have a significant and positive effect on the attitude toward extra-marital relationships, while marital commitment and commitment identity style have a significant and negative effect on the attitude toward extra-marital relationships. Bootstrapping results showed that information identity style, diffuse-avoidant identity styles, and commitment identity style play a mediating role in the relationships between loneliness and the attitude toward extra-marital relationships. Marital commitment indirectly affects the attitude toward extra-marital relationships through information identity style and commitment identity style. Conclusion: The research findings, by confirming the influential role of loneliness, marital commitment, and identity styles on extra-marital relationships, provide appropriate implications for work in the field of extra-marital relationships for practitioners in the family domain.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training in reducing psychological distress and pessimism in girls who have abuse experience in childhood. Methods: The study was semi-experimental with a pretest-posttest method and a control group. The present study population included all senior high school girls in the 8th district of Tehran with child abuse experience. A total of 30 participants were selected using the convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (15 participants in the experimental group and the other 15 participants in the control group). In order to collect the sample group, Girls with a history of abuse were invited to participate in the study. Among the girls who participated and volunteered, those who had a high harassment score (scores above 75), were selected as the sample group. Kessler Life Orientation and Psychological Distress Questionnaires were performed as a pre-test, and the experimental group received mindfulness treatment in 8 sessions, 60 minutes each, then the questionnaires mentioned as post-tests in both groups performed. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that there was a significant difference between psychological distress and pessimism in the experimental group and the control group. Conclusion: The results also showed the effect of mindfulness training as one of the supportive methods in reducing the psychological distress and pessimism of girls with child abuse experience.

Objective: The purpose of this research was to present an explanatory theory about the psychological reactions of fathers to the diagnosis of their child's autism. Methods: The method of this research is qualitative and grounded theory type. The statistical population of this research is fathers of children with autism spectrum disorder with average functioning. 6 participants were selected by theoretical sampling method and based on theoretical saturation. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview that was conducted face-to-face. In order to analyze the data, open codes were first extracted from the text of the interviews, and after summarizing, removing and merging the open codes, central codes were extracted. Then, by classifying and summarizing the categories and finding major connections between the categories, selected codes were obtained. Results: 21 categories and 6 themes were identified, based on which a three-stage paradigm model including diagnosis, reaction, and post-reaction stages was presented. The 6 extracted subjects are in these stages. Conclusion: Although most fathers accept the issue of autism in their children, this acceptance is mainly due to coercion. This issue doubles the necessity of designing appropriate interventions to prevent psychological injuries and maintain marital and parenting abilities.