درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to integrate the role of social networks and subjective norms into the theoretical framework of the investment model of relationships to predict marital stability among divorce-seeking couples in the city of Ilam. Methods: This research employed a correlational design. The statistical population included all divorce-seeking couples in Ilam during 2019–2020 who visited family courts, counseling centers, and divorce registry offices. A sample of 160 participants was selected using convenience sampling. Data collection utilized the following instruments: the Marital Instability Index (Edwards et al., 1987), the Social Networks in Marital Relationships Scale (researcher-developed, 2019), the Subjective Norms in Marital Relationships Scale (researcher-developed, 2019), and Rusbult’s Investment Model Scale (1980). Data analysis was conducted using path analysis via AMOS version 23. Findings: The findings indicated that the tested model exhibited acceptable fit. Significant positive correlations were found between marital satisfaction and marital commitment, while significant negative correlations were observed between the quality of alternative relationships and marital commitment. Additionally, relationship investment and marital commitment were significantly positively correlated. A significant relationship was identified between marital commitment and marital instability at the level of p<0.05. However, no significant relationship was observed between social networks and marital commitment or between subjective norms in marital relationships and marital commitment. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that marital commitment mediated the relationship between satisfaction with the relationship and marital instability (p≤.05), the quality of alternative relationships and marital instability (p≤.05), relationship investment and marital instability (p≤.01), and subjective norms and marital instability (p≤.05). However, marital commitment did not significantly mediate the relationship between the influence of social networks in marital relationships and marital instability. Conclusion: Based on the findings and the role of subjective norms and social networks within Rusbult’s investment model, the results of this study can be utilized in counseling centers to enhance and prevent the instability of marital relationships.

Objective: The purpose of this current study is to develop and validate the educational package of wisdom and its effectiveness on the happiness and emotional intelligence of students this research is semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. For this purpose, the wisdom training package was first designed and compiled based on theoretical principles and existing packages according to the target group and was approved by experts. Research Methodology: The statistical population was all undergraduate students of psychology at Azad University, Roudehen branch, in the academic year 2021-2022. Among them, 45 students were randomly replaced into two control and experimental groups. The research tools included the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (1989) and the Bar-on Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (1997). Then (22 people) from the control group and (23 people) from the experimental group were placed in a pre-test session During 8 sessions of 90 minutes, which were held 2 sessions a week, the students of the experimental group were taught the wisdom educational package, while there was no intervention for the control group. Findings: The results showed that the educational package of wisdom on happiness and emotional intelligence is significant at the level of 0.001. Conclusion: It can be concluded that wise people are receptive to new perspectives, they take emotions seriously because they know that emotions convey important information about a situation, and they feel satisfied with the smallest happiness.