درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: This study aimed to validate the Persian version of the Relationship Flourishing Scale (RFS) on a sample of married Iranian students. Method: The study was descriptive-correlational and applied in nature. The sample consisted of 352 individuals (89% female), selected through multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection tools included the Fowers et al.'s Relationship Flourishing Scale (2016), Adams et al.'s Sexual Mindfulness Questionnaire (2015), and the short form of Booth et al.'s Marital Instability Questionnaire (1989). Data analysis was performed using SPSS26 and AMOS24 software, utilizing descriptive statistics and confirmatory factor analysis (Cronbach's Alpha, Pearson correlation, and construct validity and reliability). Findings: The results of the confirmatory factor analysis were satisfactory, confirming the psychometric properties of the Relationship Flourishing Scale. The factor structure of the questionnaire, consisting of four factors (having meaning, shared goals, personal growth, and being in a relationship), was validated. Cronbach's Alpha calculated for the overall questionnaire was 0.83, and for the factors having meaning, shared goals, personal growth, and being in a relationship, it was 0.82, 0.83, 0.89, and 0.80 respectively, confirming the construct reliability. Fit indices (GFI = 0.90, NFI = 0.92, CFI = 0.94, TLI = 0.91, CMIN/df = 4.92) were within acceptable ranges, and construct validity was confirmed. Conclusions: The factor structure of the original English version of the Relationship Flourishing Scale was replicated, and satisfactory internal reliability was found. Consequently, the translated Persian version of the Relationship Flourishing Scale can serve as a valid tool for assessing the quality of marital relationships in research and clinical settings within the Iranian community.

Objective: The aim of this study was to identify the factors influencing the formation, continuation, and dissolution of Iranian marriages in the year 2022. Methods: This research utilized a qualitative method based on the Strauss and Corbin approach. A purposive selection of 10 experts, either faculty members or influential figures in decision-making centers for marriage and family affairs, were deeply interviewed. The data obtained from these experts provided a semi-structured questionnaire for interviews with 36 individuals, divided into three groups: formation, continuation, and dissolution of marriages. After each interview, data were coded and categorized according to the Strauss and Corbin method. Findings: In total, 2950 primary codes, 462 secondary codes, 97 concepts, 27 subcategories, and 9 main categories were identified, including external couple factors affecting formation, continuation, and dissolution; internal couple factors affecting formation, continuation, and dissolution; and individual factors affecting formation, continuation, and dissolution. Conclusion: The results indicated that the formation of marriage is influenced more by external couple factors than by any other factors. Although the continuation and dissolution of marriage are influenced by the nature of their formation, individual factors become important in these stages. It can be inferred that focusing on external couple factors before individual and internal couple factors in pre-marital counseling, and prioritizing individual factors in couple therapy and divorce counseling, may be more effective. It is recommended that the results of this study be used in planning, research, and therapeutic interventions in the field of marriage

Objective: This research aimed to compare the effectiveness of therapist-assisted couple therapy and emotion-focused couple therapy on psychological well-being, negotiation enhancement, and aggression reduction in women victims of spousal violence. Methods: The study was applied, field-based, and quasi-experimental, employing a pre-test, post-test design with a control group. The sample consisted of couples attending counseling and psychotherapy centers in Qom during the second half of 2021. Out of these, 45 couples were randomly assigned after entry criteria control into three groups: emotion-focused treatment group (15 couples), therapist-assisted treatment group (15 couples), and a control group (15 couples). The research tools included the Strauss et al. (1979) Conflict Tactics Scales and the Ryff (1989) Psychological Well-Being Scales, which were administered to the female victims in three phases: pre-test, post-test, and follow-up. The emotion-focused group received Johnson’s (2003) training package over nine sessions, and the therapist-assisted group received Aghayousefi et al.’s (2020) training package over eight sessions. The control group received no intervention. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and SPSS software version 26. Findings: Results showed that both emotion-focused and therapist-assisted couple therapies significantly reduced aggression (F = 90.30, p < .001), increased negotiation (F = 64.47, p < .001), and enhanced psychological well-being (F = 103.81, p < .001) in the female victims of spousal violence, with these effects maintained at follow-up. However, the emotion-focused therapy package was more successful in improving psychological well-being, negotiation, and reducing aggression than the therapist-assisted therapy package. Conclusion: The findings suggest that both emotion-focused and therapist-assisted couple therapies are effective interventions for resolving conflicts and improving psychological well-being.

  Subjective : Anxiety is a negative emotional state caused by confronting unfavorable and unmanageable situations. Starting university and facing a new setting often triggers anxiety in students, particularly those who anticipate a demanding work environment. Methods : The study is a descriptive-analytical research conducted in 2023 on the students of Balkh University Faculty of Medicine. A sample size of 120 students was chosen using the basic random sampling approach. Data was collected using Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied for data analysis using SPSS 27. Out of 120 participants, 52 were aged 20-25, 38 were aged 25-30, and 30 were aged 30-35. Out of the respondents, 62 resided in dormitories and the remaining 58 lived in individual residences.  Results : Out of 120 students, 56 had normal anxiety levels, 35 had mild anxiety, 12 had moderate anxiety, 8 had severe anxiety, and 9 had extremely severe anxiety. Conclusion : Therefore, psychologists in student counseling centers should pay attention to reducing the level of anxiety in students and study the reasons for its occurrence.

This study aimed to assess the impact of a cyberbullying and victimization prevention program on the self-esteem and cognitive flexibility of adolescents in Osku City Iran. The research followed an experimental design with a pre-test and post-test approach. The study included all female junior high school students in Osku City during the academic year 2023-2024, selected through convenience sampling. Thirty students who had experienced cyberbullying and victimization were randomly assigned into two groups: an experimental group (15 students) and a control group (15 students). Data collection tools included a questionnaire on self-esteem, cognitive flexibility, and experiences of cyberbullying and victimization. The experimental group attended 10 sessions, each lasting 75 minutes, to receive training through the prevention program. Both groups took a pre-test before the sessions and a post-test after the training. The data were analyzed using inferential statistics and covariance analysis, which indicated that the cyberbullying and victimization prevention program effectively improved students' self-esteem and cognitive flexibility. With all research hypotheses confirmed, the strategies and skills taught to address cyberbullying and victimization contribute to enhancing the self-esteem and cognitive flexibility of students. It is recommended that educational administrators, particularly school counselors, organize workshops on cyberbullying and victimization prevention to improve the self-esteem and cognitive flexibility of adolescents.