درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: One of the variables that effect on the distribution of job opportunities is rent. Therefore, the aim of this study was the sociological analysis of rent production in the distribution of job opportunities. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The research population was employees familiar with the field of research of Tehran municipality, which based on the principle of theoretical saturation, 10 people were selected as a sample with the purposive sampling method. The data was collected by semi-structured interview and its psychometrics indicators were confirmed. The data were analyzed by open, axial and selective coding based on the grounded theory in MAXQDA-2021 software. Findings: The findings showed that for the sociological analysis of rent production in the distribution of job opportunities were identified 36 concepts, 17 components and 12 categories; So that in the central phenomenon there were one category of rent allocation (gang play, arrangement based on survival and personalization of decisions), in the causal conditions there were two categories of male monopoly (ideological structure and gender hegemony) and showing bureaucracy (bureaucracy in the service of appointments), in the background conditions there were two categories structural oppression (confusion of just criteria with unjust methods) and gender oppression (unbalanced access in the distribution of facilities), in intervention conditions there were one category of the possibility of perceptual error (effective external features and effective personality traits), in strategies there were four categories of purposeful communication action (self-identification and self-enhancement), empowerment (women's self-reflection), value-oriented rationality (superiority of maternal and wifely roles over women's social roles) and irrational tolerance (normalization of discrimination) and in the consequences there were two categories of organizational failure (unbalanced organizational growth and inappropriate social organization) and acquired sense of inferiority (role conflict). Finally, according to the components and categories, a pattern based on the grounded theory of sociological analysis of rent production in the distribution of job opportunities in Tehran Municipality was designed. Conclusion: The designed pattern of sociological analysis of rent production in the distribution of job opportunities in Tehran municipality can help the specialists and planners of Tehran municipality in the equal distribution of job opportunities.

Purpose: The quality of working life due to the improvement of the quality of human resources has been the focus of most managers and planners. As a result, the present research was conducted with the aim of identifying the components and indicators of the quality of working life of school managers. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation method was descriptive from type of qualitative. The research population was experts who were familiar with the research field and the samples of this study according to the principle of theoretical saturation were determined 20 people who were selected by non-probability purposive and snowball sampling methods. The research tool was an in-depth interview with experts, whose content validity was confirmed by 10 experts in the field of educational management, and its reliability was calculated by the method of the coefficient of agreement between two coders of 0.77. Finally, the data obtained from the interviews were analyzed by coding method. Findings: The results of the analysis showed that the quality of working life of school managers had 92 indicators in 5 components including the individual factors, group factors, organizational factors, managerial factors and educational factors. Finally, the pattern of components of quality of working life of school managers was drawn. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, in order to improve the quality of working life of school managers should be provided the ground for the improvement of individual, group, organizational, managerial and educational factors affecting it.

Purpose: Students' learning style is one of the important factors that help teachers to prepare conditions for students' learning. So, the aim of this research was to identify the dimensions and components of education based on flipped learning in elementary school. Methodology: This study was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive in terms of qualitative type. The research community were experts in the fields of elementary education, curriculum planning and educational management. Sampling was done with targeted and snowball sampling methods and continued until the research reached theoretical saturation, i.e. 19 people. The research tool was a semi-structured interview with experts, whose validity was confirmed by the triangulation method, and its reliability was calculated by the method of the agreement coefficient between two coders of 0.88, and the data analysis was done by thematic analysis method in MAXQDA-12 software. Findings: The findings indicated that education based on flipped learning in elementary school has 45 indicators, 9 components and 3 dimensions of input (with 3 components of equipment, learner and teacher), teaching and learning process (with 3 components of learner preparation, teacher preparation) , learning activities and interaction) and output (with 2 components of implicit results and objective results). Finally, according to the identified dimensions and components, a teaching model based on flipped learning was designed in the elementary school. Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that in order to improve education based on flipped learning, the dimensions and components identified for it should be given special attention and the ground for their improvement and promotion should be provided.

Purpose: Career foresight is a new concept in career path ultramodern approaches about career choice, career transition and career development. As a result, the aim of this study was to Identifying the Effective Social Factors on the Formation of Future Work Self. Methodology: This study in terms of purpose was developmental and in terms of implementation method was qualitative. The members of the research were the professors of human resource management and organizational behavior and human resource managers of Tehran Municipality. The sample size based on the principle of theoretical saturation was calculated 15 people who were selected by purposive sampling method. The tool of the present study was a semi-structured interview, which its validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and its reliability was calculated by the agreement coefficient method between two coders 0.83. Data were analyzed by thematic analysis method in MAXQDA software. Findings: The findings of the interview with 15 people about the effective social factors on the formation of career foresight indicated that this structure had 28 basic theme, 11 organizing theme and 5 inclusive theme. The inclusive themes of this study were included the conditions of society (including two organizing themes of economic conditions of society and society's values), key characters (including two organizing themes of type of activity of models and heroes and opinions of influential people), educational conditions of school and university (including two organizing themes of content of educational courses of school and university and educational facilities and methods of school and university), family conditions (including three organizing themes of family behavior, family economy and family customs and values) and technology and media (including two organizing themes of lifestyle in media and technology). Based on the identified themes in the current research, a network of themes of effective social factors on the formation of career foresight was designed. Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, municipal managers by recognizing the effective social factors on the formation of career foresight and guiding them through cooperation and coordination with influential institutions such as cultural institutions, education and higher education can create coordination between the individual's career goals with the organization's needs, goals and missions and create and reduce numerous changes in the career path of employees and waste of resources.

Purpose: The integration of visual and verbal modes in educational materials, particularly in school textbooks, plays a chief role in enhancing the learning experience. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the intersemiotic complementarity of verbal and visual modes in three English school textbooks from two countries with different policies toward English education at public schools, Iran and Malaysia. Methodology: Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this study analyzes the intersemiotic complementarity within English school textbooks used in the first grade of high school in Iran and Malaysia, focusing on three selected textbooks: Prospect 1 (Iran), Form 1 (Malaysia), and Pulse 2 (Malaysia). The analysis was guided by Royce's (1998) framework for intersemiotic complementarity, with a particular emphasis on the ideational metafunction. This involved examining the coherence between visual representations (images) and textual content (dialogues) to assess how these elements complement each other in conveying educational content and facilitating learning. Findings: The analysis revealed a marked disparity in the integration of visual and verbal modes between the textbooks from the two countries. Iranian textbooks, specifically Prospect 1, demonstrated a significant disconnect between images and text, often leading to confusion and potentially hindering students' learning. In contrast, the Malaysian textbooks (Form 1 and Pulse 2) exhibited a high level of intersemiotic complementarity, with images effectively supporting and enhancing the textual content, thereby facilitating a more cohesive and comprehensible learning experience for students. Conclusion: The study demonstrates the importance of cohesive integration of visual and verbal elements in textbooks to support effective learning, highlighting the need for strategic multimodal design in educational materials. By ensuring a cohesive integration of visual and verbal elements, textbooks can become more effective tools in enhancing comprehension and improving learning outcomes. This research contributes to the growing discourse on multimodal education, suggesting pathways for future investigations into the optimization of textbook design for enhanced educational impact.