درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Grammatical accuracy has been controversial in L2 writing, and the utility of different types of corrective feedback has been enigmatic. Therefore, the present study attempted to explicate the impact of intensive versus extensive recasts through grammar-focused tasks on Iranian EFL learners’ grammatical accuracy in writing. To do so, 60 Iranian male and female EFL learners were assigned into two experimental groups (i.e., intensive and extensive groups) and one control group. After taking the Oxford Placement Test (OPT), the experimental groups received intended corrective feedback, while the control group did not receive any feedback. Then, the data was analyzed deploying both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed the outperformance of experimental groups compared to the control group in the writing post-test. Also, it was concluded that extensive recast can improve EFL learners’ writing performance much better than intensive recast. The findings have some fruitful pedagogical implications for both teachers and materials developers.

The present review aims at designing and validating a model of Professional Learning Community for the technical and vocational schools of the upper secondary level.This research is conducted through a qualitative approach and applies the method of Grounded Theory. A Targeted Selection approach was applied for selecting the documents, including all academic sources related to the subject, which constituted the research statistical population of the study. Sixty titles were selected. In addition, Chain Sampling, one of the methods of Targeted Sampling was applied to select the individuals for the interviews and validation sections. Using the Theoretical Saturation method, seventeen individuals for designing the model and for the first phase of validation and forty-two individuals for the second phase of the validation (which assesses the extent to which the model can be executed) participated. Also, the data collection methods employed in each phase included a Semi-Structured Interview for the first phase and a Researcher-Made Questionnaire for the second phase. For analyzing the documents, Qualitative Content Analysis and for analyzing the interview transcripts Inductive Analysis and the coding of Grounded Theory was applied. Results: The results demonstrated that the structure of the professional learning community includes 21 elements that were identified. The model is delineated in 5 steps Plan, Establish, Implement, Modify and Assess, and is validated in two phases. Validation results illustrated a remarkable degree of consistency between the interviewees in the first (structure and elements of the model) and the second (the degree to which the model is executable) phases

This study of considers the feasibility of using digital leadership in Iranian primary schools. Purposeful sampling was used to obtain a sample of primary school principals in Shahrood, Iran with at least 5 years experience. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, Grounded theory method with the Strauss and Corbin coding approach was used for data analysis. Results showed that digital leadership in primary schools had 114 concepts (open codes) falling into 29 categories (axial codes) and formed 6 dimensions including causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, central phenomenon, strategies and consequences. Results showed that the use of digital leadership in primary schools is feasible due to the ability and high interest of principals and staff. Causal conditions include the level of ability and approach of educators, digital revolution, culture building, reforming the educational structure and policies, training and development of human resources and attracting capital. Also, the context include digital strategies, digital educational platform, networking, financial and human resources, digital content and management dashboard. On the other hand, intervening conditions include economic, structural, political, cultural and educational fields in the way of using digital leadership in elementary schools, that should be dealt with effective solutions and strategies including supportive, educational, collaborative, managerial and cultural strategy. Also, the use of digital leadership can improve teaching and learning, promote creativity, update and develop, innovate and improve the quality of education and change in educational culture and leadership patterns. Finally, a model was presented based on the findings of this study

The research was conducted with the aim of identifying the drivers and obstacles for the professional development of elementary school principals. The current research is qualitative study. The statistical population was the principals of public elementary schools. Using the purposeful snowball sampling method, 22 school principals from the education districts of Tehran were selected as a sample, and the theoretical saturation of the data was observed in the interview of the 20th person. A semi-structured interview was used as a tool. The data was analyzed by theoretical coding (Open, axial and selective coding) according to the answers provided to the three research questions. In the review of the current situation of the professional development of principals, 5 components were obtained, regarding factors affecting the professional development of Principals, 9 components were obtained, and in the review of obstacles to the professional development of Principals, 3 components were obtained. Based on the results of the research, it was found that the principals of educational institutions are facing issues and problems, which, by solving them, helped the professional development and capabilities of the principals. Finally, professional development indicators were presented in 5 scientific, skill, organizational, personal and cultural-social sectors.