درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Considering students expectations and rivalry among higher education institutions, novel practical ways through adaptation of market-oriented mechanisms as well as business mechanisms in higher education are required. The present paper, therefore, aims to examine mechanisms for positioning in Iranian higher education. In doing so, phenomenological approach was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants consisting of higher education experts and deans was selected. To analyze data, open, axial, and selective coding system was applied and the findings were organized under mechanisms for positioning in higher education. With regard to target market in higher education, attracting factors and success factors were yielded. With regard to positioning in higher education, 4 categories were identified including emphasis on relative advantage, emphasis on Basic resource, emphasis on marketing techniques, and emphasis on customers’ perception. Barriers and constraints were categorized under 6 main categories: political, administrative, institutional, cultural and social, economic, and academic. Based on literature and findings, conceptual framework on mechanisms for positioning in higher education was developed. Considering students expectations and rivalry among higher education institutions, novel practical ways through adaptation of market-oriented mechanisms as well as business mechanisms in higher education are required. The present paper, therefore, aims to examine mechanisms for positioning in Iranian higher education. In doing so, phenomenological approach was applied. A purposive sample of 10 informants consisting of higher education experts and deans was selected. To analyze data, open, axial, and selective coding system was applied and the findings were organized under mechanisms for positioning in higher education. With regard to target market in higher education, attracting factors and success factors were yielded. With regard to positioning in higher education, 4 categories were identified including emphasis on relative advantage, emphasis on Basic resource, emphasis on marketing techniques, and emphasis on customers’ perception. Barriers and constraints were categorized under 6 main categories: political, administrative, institutional, cultural and social, economic, and academic. Based on literature and findings, conceptual framework on mechanisms for positioning in higher education was developed.

Business is not easy with one country. It requires understanding the style of business negotiation with that country, and the negotiation process is the most critical factor in predicting success or failure in business negotiations. Therefore, negotiating across cultures requires comprehension of the differences. Due to Iran's position in a strategic region of the world, which is in the Middle East, it has the potential to expand trade with other countries. In the current research, the success and failure factors in international business negotiations is classified using Friedman test. This study consists of two sections: qualitative and quantitative that calls a mixed approach. The output of the qualitative section was the design of the research questionnaire, and in the quantitative section, the research findings illustrated that among the 39 success factors, the importance of good personal relationships, the Iranians' need for products, the merchant's knowledge of Iranian business practices, and the among the 31 failure factors, the lack of Iranian budgets, the unwillingness of Iranians to demand Good financial and communication failure are the most important factors identified in the success/failure of negotiating with the Iranians. Due to the findings of this study and the cultural characteristics of Iranians, items have been suggested for the proper management of these factors while negotiating with Iranians.

Advertisement is one of the most known ways of marketing. today, advertisement is meant to be used in organizations and institutions to reach their social, communicational, and sale goals. Nevertheless, achieving good results is dependent on having right knowledge of market, customers and their needs.in the current era, everyone is aware of the importance of advertising in business. If advertisements help in keeping sales share in the market in short time, they would also assist in long term with making customers used to them and hence creating regular customers. The purpose of this study is investigating Effect of Advertisement Features in Social Media on Consumer Attitude with regard to the Mediator Role of Advertising Value in Iran Food Industry. This research, from target point of view, is known a practical research. by considering data gathering, this article is measured a descriptive non-analytic research. statistical society of this research includes 5200 science and technology students of Islamic Azad University, with respect of Morgan Table and 357 sample number. in this article, random sampling measurement was used. The article presents the positive and meaningful impact of an informativeness and irritation advertisement on the advertising value, as well as entertainment advertisement effect and advertising value on the attitude towards. mediator role of advertising value in irritation advertisement effect on the attitude towards was approved. Consequently, the impact of entertainment advertisement on advertising value and mediator role of advertising value on informativeness advertisement effect on attitude towards was not approved.

The high transparency and ability of consumers to transmit advertising content quickly in the modern age require that organizations consider authenticity and interaction with customers among their top priorities and combine consumer-generated advertising (CGA) with their own marketing strategies in order to respond to these priorities. This study aims to investigate the factors affecting consumers' attitudes and willingness toward consumer-generated advertising and its effect on brand loyalty and attachment. This is an applied study conducted using the descriptive correlational survey method. Its statistical population consists of dairy consumers of Kalleh Company in Mazandaran Province. A total of 460 questionnaires were distributed by stratified random sampling and descriptive and inferential statistics was used for data analysis. Structural equation modeling and Smart PLS2 were used to test the hypotheses. The reliability of the questionnaires was determined by Cronbach's alpha test and composite reliability coefficient. Results showed that brand attachment had a significant positive effect on attitude toward advertising production and willingness to participate in advertising production. Attitude toward advertising production has a significant positive effect on willingness toward CGA as well as on brand loyalty. It was also shown that brand attachment has a significant positive effect on loyalty. The rapid changes in technology and the development of effective advertising in the modern businesses require defining the concept of CGA, which is addressed in the present study. Also, based on the results of this study, brand attachment increases customers’ willingness toward and participation in CGA. An increase in customers' willingness and involvement in advertising production will also increase their loyalty.