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This study compared the performance of the partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) and the robust partial least squares -structural equation modelling (RPLS-SEM) methods through Winsorisation approach The inputs and the outputs used in this model were based on the electricity generation data, derived from the Al-Zawiya Steam Power Plant, Libya. Furthermore, the researchers compared the novel RPLS-SEM approach with the traditional PLS-SEM approach and noted that the novel RPLS-SEM method was more efficient compared to PLS-SEM.

According to Gartner’s Hype Cycle, gamification is poised for large-scale adoption in the coming years. The construct of gamification has received considerable interest, especially in the context of learning. Over the past five years, research in the area has grown. The current study looks at consolidating the conducted research and attempts to provide a snapshot of the work carried out in the last five years. The chosen studies have explored the role of gamification in learning activities and have attempted to provide empirical evidence to support gamified learning. The purpose of the study is to review existing literature, in terms of the outcomes, outcome variables, context of the study, and research methodology used. This would not only add to the knowledge in the field but would also guide future research. Additionally, practitioners would benefit from a consolidated view of five years of research into the practice of gamification.

The article examines the development of theoretical and methodological approaches and practical recommendations for improving the ecological and economic foundations of land management and land management at the local level in the example of the European Union. In practice, regional, spatial, strategic, landscape, and integrated types of land use development planning are most often used in the European Union. With the development of the market economy of European society, environmental problems arose, which prompted the development of landscape planning, both landscape-ecological and socio-economic aspects of territorial development. The experience of landscape planning was introduced in Germany, which later became used in almost all European countries. The study and direct comparison of existing landscape planning systems in different European countries, and their reduction to several basic features are not possible and impractical because these systems are very different. This is due to a number of reasons: history, features of political systems, cultural traditions, level of economic development, the nature of legal systems and property relations. Landscape planning in the European Union is going to be one of the tensest areas of activity in the future, and Ukraine must take an active part in this process.

People are used to exploring grayscale images in their family albums but it is difficult to grasp the reality without colours. Luckily, with advancements in Machine Learning it has been possible to solve problems previously thought impossible. The authors aim to automatically colourize grayscale images using a subset of Machine Learning called Deep Learning. The system will be trained on an image dataset and given an input grayscale image the model will be able to assign aesthetically believable colours. A grayscale photograph has been provided; our approach solves the problem of visualizing a reasonable colour version of the grayscale picture. This issue is undoubtedly under controlled; therefore earlier methods to this problem have either counted majorly on user interaction or it leads to in unsaturated colourizations. The authors put forward a completely automatic approach that will try to produce realistic and vibrant colourizations as much as possible. The proposed system has been applied as a feed-forward in a Convolutional Neural Network and has been trained on over twenty thousand colour images currently.

Android malware is one of the most dangerous threats on the Internet.  It has been on the rise for several years.  As a result, it has impacted many applications such as healthcare, banking, transportation, government, e-commerce, etc.  One of the most growing attacks is on Android systems due to its use in many devices worldwide.  De-spite significant efforts in detecting and classifying Android malware, there is still a long way to improve the detection process and the classification performance.  There is a necessity to provide a basic understanding of the behavior displayed by the most common Android malware categories and families.  Hence, understand the distinct ob-jective of malware after identifying their family and category.  This paper proposes an effective systematic and functional parallel machine-learning model for the dynamic detection of Android malware categories and families.  Standard machine learning classifiers are implemented to analyze a massive malware dataset with 14 major mal-ware categories and 180 prominent malware families of the CCCS-CIC-AndMal2020 on dynamic layers to detect Android malware categories and families.  The paper ex-periments with many machine learning algorithms and compares the proposed model with the most recent related work.  The results indicate more than 96 % accuracy for Android Malware Category detection and more than 99% for Android Malware family detection overperforming the current related methods.  The proposed model offers a highly accurate method for dynamic analysis of Android malware that cuts down the time required to analyze smartphone malware.

Accelerating digital transformation and the basic needs of businesses to adapt to environmental transformations and complexities have doubled the necessity for extensive stakeholder interactions. Gamification is a powerful tool that facilitates stakeholder interaction and a common understanding of the vision and contributes to the sustainability of businesses. Businesses' sustainability in the digital transformation age depends on the continuous interaction of stakeholders and a comprehensive understanding of all the business pillars, which will be possible through the flow of ideas inside and outside the workplace and by providing innovative processes. In this regard, this study explores the effect of gamification on corporate sustainability by explaining the role of digital transformation, open innovation, and value co-creation. The statistical population of this study comprises top managers and experts in e-businesses who use gamification in their processes. The statistical sample included 117 managers and experts active in this field, and they were selected through convenience sampling. The data collection tool was a questionnaire reliability of which was 0.763 using Cronbach's alpha. Using Smart PLS software, the gathered data were analyzed by structural equation modeling (SEM). Gamification, with a factor of 74%, has a positive effect on open innovation, while a factor of 85% has a positive effect on digital transformation. Gamification, both directly and indirectly, creates value co-creation in businesses, and finally, value co-creation at 78% affects corporate sustainability.

The Moroccan education system has undergone several reforms in recent years, thus concluded by the strategic vision, especially project 9 which has valued the continuing training of educational actors and framework law 51-17 in articles 34 and 35 which valued the continuous development of skills of teachers in Morocco, In this perspective the Ministry of National Education has reserved significant budgets to operationalize the continuing training of teachers on the one hand and it is committed to a Moroccan-American partnership within the framework of the Millennium project Challenge Account-Morocco. By committing to the establishment-challenge project, the ministry has set up a set of priorities, in particular the operationalization of the digital strategy for schools declared by decree 2.20.474, thus benefiting from the contribution of digital and while trying to overcome some constraints related to face-to-face training, a new regime that is continuous online training is implemented, it is the e-takwine platform. In addition, given the interest that evaluation represents for maintaining and improving the quality of a digital training device, we opted in this research, by evaluating the technopedagogical modality of e-takwine reserved at the start of the continuing training of novice teachers in Morocco and then developed for the training of all second cycle teachers from the start of the 2021-2022 school year. The sampling of our research is represented by 362 professors from the region of Fés –Meknes belonging to two different teaching cycles, and who followed their training for three months in six training modules in a more or less assiduous manner, Similarly, to conduct our survey, we administered two online questionnaires to participating teachers, in order to judge the functionality and ergonomics of the platform being researched. Finally, confirming to us that despite the satisfaction of the majority of participants with respect to the functional quality and the contribution of the device, some difficulties were noted at the levels: technical (compatibility, accessibility), functional or even with regard to technological knowledge.

The main idea of IoT is to connect several objects to each other through Internet. In the field of Computer Network the main problem identified by researchers is network congestion. Now a day’s network congestion is increasing very rapidly because IoT connect a huge number of devices to internet. A transport layer protocol TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is accountable for network congestion control. The behavior of TCP is not stable as it takes long time to fill the available capacity of the network. It also continuously keeps assessing the capacity of data transmission through increasing the limits.TCP drops its data transmission rate aggressively when packets are dropped, which significantly reduces the throughput. This paper suggests a new approach, stable transmission control protocol for IoT applications. The experimental results show that stable transmission control protocol achieves better performance in terms of goodput.

Limited energy capacity, physical distance between two nodes and the stochastic link quality are the major parameters in the selection of routing path in the internet of things network. To alleviate the problem of stochastic link quality as channel gain reinforcement based Q-learning energy balanced routing is presented in this paper. Using above mentioned parameter an optimization problem has been formulated termed as reward or utility of network. Further, formulated optimization problem converted into Markov decision problem (MDP) and their state, value, action and reward function are described. Finally, a QRL algorithm is presented and their time complexity is analyses. To show the effectiveness of proposed QRL algorithm extensive simulation is performed in terms of convergence property, energy consumption, residual energy and reward with respect to state-of-art-algorithms.

The purpose of the present study is to present a model for the use of the Internet of Things in Iranian knowledge-based companies. From a purpose point of view, this research can be classified as applied research and in terms of data collection, it can be categorized as a qualitative and quantitative study. The main approach for achieving the model of using the Internet of Things is the grounded theory methodology which is based on a paradigmatic model. The research population for the qualitative phase is comprised of 25 executives and practitioners of knowledge-based companies who are somehow specialized in Internet of Things topics. The sample of this study was selected using the snowball sampling method and Cochran's formula for finite communities among all the managers and technology experts working in knowledge-based companies. After careful analysis of the interviews, 59 extracted concepts were identified in 5 main categories and 13 subcategories. Management requirements, customer requirements, and resistance economics give rise to the Internet of Things in knowledge-based companies.  The characteristics of the company, the characteristics of the human resources and the characteristics of the managers can provide a suitable ground for using the Internet of Things. And the conditions in the country, international pressures and international cooperation can be among the intermediary factors influencing the use of the Internet of Things. Raw materials and infrastructure can also be effective strategies for using the Internet of Things. Using the Internet of Things, customer-related factors, international collaborations, and expected results can be expected in knowledge-based companies.

Despite all blockchain's advantages, it has experienced some challenges and disadvantages. Identifying these challenges and minimizing them are important steps in advancing the goals of this technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the challenges of using blockchain technology in international markets with regard to the risks of such newfound technologies. This is an applied research in terms of purpose and a mixed research in terms of methodology. The effective factors in using blockchain technology have been discovered by the meta-synthesis method at first; then the ranking of these factors has been done by the fuzzy pairwise comparison. A systematic search was performed in the database of Science Direct, Emerald, and Google Scholar. Also, the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007) was applied. All the related articles and the challenges of using blockchain in international markets were identified and coded. The comparison method between the two coders was used to adjust the reliability and the kappa coefficient was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the two codes. The findings of the extracted sources were finally proposed and 41 challenges were classified into 6 categories of technical, educational, structural, market, infrastructure and legal which divided in both internal and external areas.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of the pre-trained models and compare them with the probability percentage of prediction in terms of execution time. This study uses the COCO dataset to evaluate both pre-trained image recognition and object detection, models. The results revealed that Tiny-YoloV3 is considered the best method for real-time applications as it takes less time. Whereas ResNet 50 is required for those applications which require a high probability percentage of prediction, such as medical image classification. In general, the rate of probability varies from 75% to 90% for the large objects in ResNet 50. Whereas in Tiny-YoloV3, the rate varies from 35% to 80% for large objects, besides it extracts more objects, so the rise of execution time is sensible. Whereas small size and high percentage probability makes SqueezeNet suitable for portable applications, while reusing features makes DenseNet suitable for applications for object identification.

The real-time video surveillance system has become an integral part of our life and Highways play a very crucial role in transportation. For a transportation system to work, the management of highways are necessary. It also prevents accident and other challenging issues on highways. Various machine learning and artificial intelligence based techniques are evolving with numerous advancement in this domain. These algorithms are efficient and very less time consuming. So the use of machine learning and artificial intelligence in transportation systems and highways could be very beneficial. In this paper, various approaches related to moving vehicle detection for the transportation system especially for highways are considered. The literature also reveals for existing research for the machine learning and AI based methodologies to resolve more complex real-time problems. The proposed work is also compared with the existing peer methods and demonstrated better performance achieved experimentally.

Security is one of the most important aspects of data transmission. To provide controlled access to the network, user authorization and authentication are often used with the help of an AAA server. RADIUS servers provide users with access to data, user authentication, and configuration information. When designing networks with such access control method implementation, it is necessary to understand how the characteristics of the communication channel affect the switching time of IP-TV channels, and therefore the overall quality of IP-TV services. The principles of the main protocols for IP-TV using a RADIUS server are described. The main parameters of the communication channel were identified. The mathematical model and the graphs demonstrate how IP-TV service access time depends on telecommunication channel parameters. The results of a practical experiment are presented to prove the formed mathematical model. The results of a practical experiment and theoretical calculation are compared.

This paper presents the design, simulation and realization of a patch antenna for IOT applications. The patch antenna consists of a radiating element printed on one face of a dielectric substrate, when the ground plane is placed on the other face. In this work, two techniques are used to design a miniaturized patch antenna: the set-up of slots on the radiating element and the use of defective ground plane. Also, the slot’s radius and Length of inset point effects on the performances of the antenna is illustrated. All the simulated results are performed with FEKO, a solver based on a Moments Method and measurement is made using Vector Network Analyzer Anritsu MS2026C. The propose antenna resonates in three frequency bands 3.91, 4.86 and 5.16GHz for different characteristics such as radiation pattern, gain, return loss, which makes it suitable for many wireless communication applications such as IoT applications.