Meta-Synthesis

Market saturation, increased competition, change in tastes and needs of customers have made Iranian companies, especially canned industries, face various challenges in relation to consumers. Under such conditions, cannery companies with the ability for proper use of available facilities and equipment such as design and development of new products, supplying high-quality and economic products and appropriate packaging can overcome these challenges and guarantee their survival. Now, it’s time for experts and marketers to pay special attention to importance of packaging and its effect of purchasing decision of consumers and as a result, increased profitability of companies and re-evaluation of their attitude. Although companies have found that they should pay attention to physical aspect and attractiveness of packaging of products for this purpose, it could be observed that majority of them have not used scientific methods in this way. Applied method in this study is applied-developmental method in terms of purpose and the study is a mixed exploratory research in terms of nature. The results obtained from the study show that two identified indices including functional (informational) and visual (aesthetics) features could be effective factors on purchasing decision of consumers. Finally, the study has suggested considering the two indices to improve effectiveness in decision making among job subcultures.

The present study seeks to identify and prioritize the components and dimensions of e-commerce and categorize them as a comprehensive model by using the meta-synthesis method. In this research, total of 58 articles in the field of E-commerce was identified and examined in the first step. Latin articles were in the period of 1996 to 2017 and Persian articles were related to the period of 2001 to 2017. Finally, after three stages of the evaluation of articles, 29 articles remained. Then, based on the results of the meta-synthesis method and the use of open coding, three main fields and a number of subfields were found for the e-commerce variable. Also, at this stage, the initial data was also introduced in the form of a new subset and added to the comprehensive model by using the indexing, conceptualization and categorization method. The main fields of e-commerce included customer trust and satisfaction in e-commerce, the development and application of e-commerce and the success of e-commerce. Each of these main fields has a number of subfields. Suggestions are presented in accordance with the comprehensive model identified. The e-commerce model can be a good tool for decision making managers and decision-makers, and should be used as a basis for future research.

Purpose: Today, in many developed countries, talent management throughout is the long-term process, under the supervision of expert executive managers and coaches, has been done and is an important concept in football. Therefore, in many developed countries, talented people can come to talent programs and received trained continuously to become professional players. Method: In this study, based on German's football talent management program, and procedure informed by Sandelowski and Barroso's qualitative meta-synthesis. Results: The suggested model has three sections: 1- hardware system, 2- software system, and 3- many subsystems that are collaborating in an executive context. Achievements of this program are not just the detection of talented young players at an early age, but rather a long-term process that is a high-level management program, which, for full success, requires collaboration between many organizations such as the government, football association, footballleagues, clubs, academies, education schools, football schools, coaches, and players. Conclusions: According to results, the growing process of this cycle and its periodic revision show the brilliant future of the German football community in gaining championship and promoting the national identity of Germany over the years. We hope that by studying this system we can introduce it to the researchers and officials in developing countries, who are interested in furthering a developmental view of football.

Recently, significant technological changes, greater customer demand and the rise of new business models have triggered a rapid increase in electronic service (e-service) innovations. Now, innovation in the provision of e-services has become one of the priorities of managers in order to gain a competitive advantage. However, few studies so far have explored the determinant factors needed in the organization in order to innovate and implement e-services. The purpose of this study is to provide a comprehensive framework that integrates the multiple factors of e-service innovation. Using the qualitative meta-synthesis research method and after a systematic review of the literature and examination of 61 articles, all factors needed for innovation in e-services have been identified and classified in 4 capabilities, 9 concepts, and 30 codes. The results show that e-service innovation depends on networking, informational, operational and supporting, and strategic capabilities. These capabilities create the required platform for innovation in e-services in the organization. This study contributes to current e-service researches by offering theoretical advances related to innovation in e-services. Furthermore, the capabilities, concepts, and codes identified in this study would be useful as a comprehensive conceptual framework for developers of e-service innovation to plan and evaluate their related initiatives.

The worldwide coronavirus pandemic has led to the emergence of different patterns of behavior in different contexts; one of the most important of these contexts is leisure. The aim of this study was to identify the concepts and categories of leisure during the coronavirus pandemic (emphasis on sports-related studies) and using a qualitative meta-synthesis method. For this purpose, after searching for resources related to the field of leisure (emphasis on sports-related studies) during the coronavirus pandemic, 169 primary sources were found and among them 36 sources were selected and analyzed. The results of a meta-synthesis of leisure studies during the coronavirus pandemic (emphasis on sports-related research) was classified into 7 main categories physical, cognitive (mental), emotional, sociocultural, economic, technology, and environmental conditions and a sports leisure model was presented during the coronavirus pandemic. According to the results of this study, if proper planning and monitoring by sports-related organizations and the media is considered, sports leisure time during the coronavirus pandemic can bring physical, cognitive (mental), emotional and sociocultural benefits for individuals and reduce the negative effects of coronavirus disease in communities. On the other the coronavirus pandemic has revolutionized leisure conditions, and in particular sports leisure, by revolutionizing technology, economics, and conditions environment.

Due to the rapid changes and developments caused by technology in the digital age and the growing importance of achieving sustainability for the survival of businesses, the need to create the capabilities needed to innovate in the business model of organizations has become inevitable. This research is trying to provide a model for business model innovation with the aim of sustainability by considering the external factor of digitalization (digital transformation) and the internal factor of dynamic capabilities. The method of this research is mixed so that in the first stage the qualitative method of Meta-Synthesis is used and in the second stage the quantitative method of Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is used. In this research, based on the systematic review of previous researches in scientific databases, 402 related articles were identified and then 46 final articles were selected during the screening process. Based on the thematic analysis, a total of 4 main categories and 14 factors were extracted. In the second stage of the research, an interpretive structural model (ISM) is developed to show the inter‐relationship of different factors and their levels of importance in the food industry.   The 8-level hierarchy model of factors influencing the sustainable business model innovation in the digital age with a dynamic capabilities approach was proposed. Results show that a new component called network value has been added to the traditional business model components. Furthermore, the MICMAC approach has been used to categorise factors according to their driving power and dependence. finally, digital technologies and Sensing were found to be the factors with the highest independence and the highest driving power, and “Economic Sustainability” was identified as the factor with the highest dependence and the least driving power

In recent years, Blockchain technology has been recognized as one of the most important new technologies affecting businesses and society, with a very bright future ahead. This technology is known as one of the most critical technologies of industry 4. Given that Blockchain technology is a new concept, before implementing it, the organization must understand it and be prepared to accept it; otherwise, the organization will incur irreparable damages. The main purpose of this study is to provide a framework within which organizations can evaluate their readiness to implement Blockchain technology. For this purpose, after a library study and systematic literature review, this study provided the initial research framework using the meta-synthesis method. Finally, the Lawshe model was applied to validate the proposed framework for the organization's readiness to implement Blockchain technology. Based on the findings, the final established framework included seven main dimensions, including Blockchain-based business strategy, operations of a distributed system, culture, people in Blockchain decentralized network, decentralized governance, technology, and Blockchain-based product traceability. Besides, 37 main criteria affected these dimensions, which can help companies increase the level of Blockchain technology readiness. Finally, this framework was used to measure the readiness of an airline company. According to the results of the analysis, Blockchain-based business strategy, culture, and Blockchain-based product traceability showed a medium level of readiness. Moreover, none of the main dimensions of Blockchain technology readiness were sufficiently prepared in this case study. This paper suggests practical recommendations to improve the level of Blockchain technology readiness for the managers

In regards to the need to use technology in the domain of learning and the important role of principals of educational organizations in implementing the blended learning, this research was carried out with the aim of identifying the parameters of psychological and center skills of principals in implementing the blended learning from quantum paradigm perspectives. The research method was qualitative and of meta-synthesis. Data collection was carried out through reviewing scientific documents and resources relevant to the subject of research in recent 31 years (1990-2021). Therefore; the related key words were searched in the reliable internal and foreign websites and finally, 42 resources were selected for final review. The review was done through studying the resources of the principals’ psychological skills in three dimensions and eleven parameters and center skill in one dimension and three parameters. The results obtained from this research showed that with regards to the identified dimensions and parameters, principals can play roles in implementing the blended learning in educational organizations, from the psychological skills, in quantum seeing dimension, by planning informed and effective leadership and confronting challenges and eliminating obstacles, in quantum thinking dimension via creative thinking, change and comprehensive thinking, in quantum feeling via accountability, supporting individuals’ rights and security, respecting values , caring about needs and talents and utilizing the process of information and from center skills perspectives and quantum being dimension, via establishing an appropriate learning atmosphere, establishing effective communication and creating a resilient and network-centric structure.

The present research has been done with a view to designing content marketing model at social media for boosting green marketing. As regards purpose, it is an applied research,and in terms of approach an exploratory survey, and typically, it can be subsumed under a qualitative research. The analysis approach of this research is meta-synthesis. The statistical community consists of academic and scholarly articles published between 2016-2021/1395-1401 on the pertinent area of this study at Iran`s and foreign trustworthy databases. According to our findings, 1740 articles were retrieved, 324 abstracts were sieved and 186 abstracts were investigated. It was established that the titles of 1416 articles were irrelevant, and consequently they were omitted. 138 articles were deleted once their abstracts had been reviewed and found irrelevant and 95 articles were left out after a survey of their contents. The criteria used were size of the statistical sample, theoretical sufficiency (theoretical saturation), and finally 56 articles were accepted. The outcome of this process was 49 codes, 23 concepts and 10 categories. The Kappa index was used to guarantee the quality of our research. The amount of the index was calculated using the SPSS software at the significant level of 0/000 number 0/806. According to the evaluation and the extracted concepts and categories in the present research, the content marketing model of social media (Instagram) for boosting green marketing was designed based on three groups of factors: causal, mediating and consequential. The results of the findings show that in the process of content marketing of social media for boosting green marketing, a set of variables play a causal role, and can act as stimulants or propelling agents, and if the causal and mediating factors come properly about, this can culminate in the boosting of the service or product`s brand and an appropriate competitive advantage regarding green marketing in the organizations will also emerge.

Purpose: Organizational and administrative destructive behaviors cause many direct and indirect costs on organizations and reduce organizational progress. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify antecedents of destructive organizational and administrative behaviors based on social exchange theory by meta-synthesis method. Methodology: This study was developmental in terms of objective, cross-sectional in terms of time, and qualitative in terms of data collection. The field of research included 582 articles on destructive organizational and administrative behaviors during 2000-2022. The research sample included 55 articles selected by purposive sampling method and according to inclusion criteria. The data were collected by note-taking (validity was confirmed by the triangulation method and reliability was estimated to be 0.89 by the Cohen's kappa coefficient) and analyzed by content analysis using the seven-step meta-synthesis method of Sandelowski and Barroso (2007). Findings: The results showed that the antecedents of destructive organizational and administrative behaviors based on social exchange theory had two main categories and six subcategories. Each of the two categories of facilitating antecedents and inhibiting antecedents included three subcategories of behavioral factors, structural factors, and contextual factors. Finally, given the categories and subcategories, a model of the antecedents of destructive organizational and administrative behaviors based on social exchange theory was drawn. Conclusion: The model of antecedents of organizational and administrative destructive behaviors based on social exchange theory designed in the present study can be used as a tool for strategic planning in the field of organizational and administrative destructive behaviors.

INTRODUCTION: Due to the limited current knowledge about the appropriate trainings for the improvement of competence in military nurses, it seems necessary to use the processes of creating and sharing knowledge to fill the gap between the current knowledge and the required one. Therefore, this research has searched for the pattern of organizational knowledge creation in military nursing education. METHODS: The research was conducted using the meta-synthesis method (thematic analysis), and the findings were systematically reviewed based on the seven-step pattern of Sandelowski, Barroso and Voils (2007). For this purpose, 348 articles were reviewed, and finally, 33 articles were confirmed by referring to valid and accessible documents of the sites. FINDINGS: The network of extracted themes was identified as an eight-component pattern including team-oriented approach, individual factors, managerial factors, technological factors, communication factors, organizational policy, implementation of knowledge creation process, and organizational culture. CONCLUSION: The implementation of knowledge creation leads to the promotion of military nursing education and, as a result, to the improvement of military nurses performance. To this end, factors such as culture building, using the knowledge of experienced nurses, past successful experiences and updating systems with new information technology tools are effective in creating knowledge. This approach can be an influential factor in advancing the scientific and practical goals of the commanders regarding the creation of knowledge and reducing the waste of time and financial resources.

Corporate integrity is considered as part of the company's development strategies, which in the long run can lead to the increased firms' financial transparency to stakeholders. The purpose of our study is to present a corporate integrity model and, then to investigate its effect on firms' information asymmetry. In this study, to measure the corporate integrity, we use Meta-synthesis and Delphi analysis in the qualitative part. Then, in the quantitative section, the corporate integrity questionnaires were sent to the managers of the sample firms. Subsequently, a total of 138 questionnaires were completed and sent back, which were used as the final samples for analysis. In addition, information asymmetry is measured using the three different proxies, namely bid-ask spread, turnover, and Amihud illiquidity measure. Our findings show a significant and negative effect of corporate integrity on information asymmetry. This results suggest that corporate integrity, by promoting behavioral values based on truthfulness and commitment, the structures will enhance the corporate governance mechanisms and, thereby, firstly motivate the managers to reduce the agency gap and, secondly, implement a more effective level of the supervisions on the firm's performances in front of the stakeholders by accelerating the circulation of information and giving timely and reliable feedback to the stakeholders. This is the first study that presents a corporate integrity model through qualitative analysis and then, investigates the effect of corporate integrity on firms' information asymmetry. Therefore, our study can contribute to the extant literature of this context.

This study presents a significant contribution to the field of sustainable cultural tourism at world heritage sites, a crucial area in light of the World Tourism Organization's (WTO) projections for 2030. Employing a comprehensive and integrated approach, the research systematically synthesizes existing qualitative studies to address the question of sustainable development in this context. A rigorous meta-synthesis, following the methodology of Sandelowski and Barroso, was applied to 43 scientifically credible articles selected via the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP). This selection process ensured the inclusion of high-quality research. The study's major intellectual contribution is the development of a new paradigmatic model for understanding sustainable cultural tourism at world heritage sites. This model was constructed using Grounded Theory Strategy and Maxqda2020 software, facilitating a structured analysis and interpretation of the data. The model organizes 99 primary codes into 20 main and secondary categories, providing a comprehensive framework that encapsulates the core phenomena of the field. Moreover, the study's findings are further validated through the use of Cohen's kappa Coefficient in SPSS, achieving a score of 0.714, which experts have confirmed. This statistical validation underscores the reliability of the research outcomes. Overall, this study not only synthesizes a wide range of existing qualitative research but also advances the field by offering a novel model and ensuring the reliability of its findings. These contributions are particularly relevant for policy makers and practitioners focused on the sustainable development of tourism, especially in the context of preserving cultural heritage at world heritage sites.

This study investigates the potential of blockchain technology to support compliance with the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). By integrating blockchain's core features, such as transparency, immutability, and data encryption, with GDPR principles like data minimization and accuracy, the research develops a comprehensive applicability model. This model serves as a Reference Framework for evaluating blockchain systems' alignment with GDPR requirements. The study employs a meta-synthesis method and qualitative content analysis of 67 articles, culminating in a detailed examination of 31 selected articles. The findings reveal that blockchain technology can significantly enhance GDPR compliance, particularly in securing personal data and ensuring transparency. Importantly, the research introduces a novel model validated by a panel of 13 experts, which identifies and prioritizes key areas where blockchain can effectively support GDPR requirements. This model provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and technology developers, emphasizing blockchain's strategic role in enhancing data protection under GDPR.

The aim of this research was to examine the studies conducted on Flipped Classroom from different perspectives in Iran. A total of 30 studies were included in this research. These studies were accessed through various databases and analyzed using content analysis technique. The findings of this research indicated that there has been an increase in the number of studies on Flipped learning in recent years. The majority of these studies are in the form of articles, and the most commonly used research methods and designs were mixed methods and experimental designs. The teaching practices mainly targeted university students, and the studies predominantly employed achievement tests, interviews, and surveys as data collection tools. Out-of-class activities involved the use of videos, presentations, and written documents, while practical activities were conducted in the classroom. The results of the study demonstrated that Flipped classroom had a positive impact on students' academic achievement, motivation, and engagement. Additionally, both teachers and students had a positive attitude toward Flipped learning