Path Loss

The study of path loss propagation is of high importance in telecommunication, for optimizing the efficiency of wireless communication networks. In this paper, four path loss propagation models; free space path loss (FSPL) model, Okumura model, Okumura-Hata model, and COST 231-Hata model were compared. The models were compared using measurement data from Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The data is gotten from a 4G walk test using two mobile applications. The first mobile application Network, Signal Info (version 5.68.07), was used to acquire the received signal strength in and the distance between the BTS antenna and the mobile antenna. While the second mobile application, G-NetTrack Lite (version 14.8), was used to map out the track path followed during the test. Choba, the study area, is a coastal suburban area with map coordinates 4.8941° N, 6.9263° E. The measured distance range was from 0.09 km to 0.45 km, and a path loss range of 69dB to 81dB. While the BTS and mobile antenna heights were 32 m and 1m respectively, with a carrier frequency of 800MHz. BTS transmission power of 23 dBm was assumed, based on 3GPP eNodeB recommendations. A graph comparison of the studied models showed that Okumura-Hata model and COST 231-Hata model had the closest predictions to the measured path loss. The need for better path loss models for 4G and 5G propagations was observed

Recent developments in electronics and wireless communication play a leading role in manufacturing sensors with reduced power consumption that have wireless connectivity and limited processing capabilities. Due to the limitation of battery in sensor nodes, one of the main challenges in this type of network is energy consumption, which is directly related to the lifetime of the network.  Another important issue is to keep nodes connected in the network during data transmission. For these purposes, a connectivity control system is required. By improving the tree growth algorithm in the network graph, an optimal graph using a suitable path for data transmission in the network is designed. Connectivity control significantly improved system performance in terms of network power consumption and lifetime.   In this paper, a new algorithm for connectivity and linkage control, based on sequential mode is presented, which has achieved a significant improvement compared to an ordinary algorithm. The outcomes of the proposed algorithm on the selected model show 56% improvement in the remaining battery charge. In addition, the end-to-end delay was reduced by 0.5 m seconds in the network.