تحلیل و بررسی نقوش کاشی کاری تکیه معاون الملک کرمانشاه با استفاده از روش آزمون ناپارامتری آماری (کای اسکوئر) (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
از ویژگی های معماری دوره قاجاریه در ایران از منظر آثار هنری، همگام شدن آن ها با مضامین مذهبی، ادبی و اساطیری است. بنای «تکیه معاون الملک» کرمانشاه یکی از شاخص ترین آثار معماری دوره قاجاریه با بهره گیری از تزئینات کاشی کاری با چنین مضامینی است. این پژوهش به منظور تبدیل کیفیت نقوش هنری یک بنای سنتی به کمیتی قابل سنجش است و از منظر آماری به تحلیل معنی داری ارتباط بین فضاهای معماری تکیه و زمینه و رنگ غالب کاشی کاری موجود در آن ها می پردازد. هدف اصلی آن تعیین میزان و نوع ارتباط بین فضای معماری تکیه و زمینه نقوش، رنگ غالب و تکرارپذیری آن ها با استفاده از یک روش آماری معین بوده است. مهم ترین سؤالات این پژوهش عبارت اند از: 1. دسته بندی نقوش تکیه معاون الملک کرمانشاه چگونه است؟ 2. رابطه آماری و معنی دار بین فضای معماری تکیه و زمینه نقوش و رنگ غالب آن ها چیست؟ تحقیق حاضر ازنظر نوع پژوهش، کاربردی بوده و ازنظر روش پژوهش در زمره تحقیق های کمی و آمار استنباطی است. ازآنجاکه نوع متغیرهای این تحقیق از نوع ناپارامتری ارزیابی است از آزمون کای اسکوئر در نرم افزار اس پی اس اس استفاده شده است. در این پژوهش در ابتدا تبیین مبانی نظری و تعریف متغیرهای تحقیق با استناد به مطالعات اسنادی و کتابخانه ای و به روش تحلیلی و توصیفی انجام شده و سپس با استفاده از مطالعات میدانی و پیمایشی، این متغیرها با استفاده از روش تحلیلی و توصیفی در قالب جداول تبیین و تلخیص گردیده است. با توجه به نتایج این پژوهش و مقادیر آزمون کای اسکوئر 63.96 می توان با قاطعیت گفت بین نوع فضاها در تکیه معاون الملک و زمینه نقوش کاشی کاری ها رابطه معنادار و سامانمند وجود دارد. همچنین نتایج حاصل از آزمون کرامر جهت نشان دادن شدت این رابطه با مقدار 0.906 نشان می دهد؛ که رابطه ای قوی و با شدت بالا بین این دو متغیر وجود دارد. همچنین بین دو متغیر زمینه و رنگ غالب نقوش کاشی کاری نیز با توجه به کوچک تر بودن از 0.05 رابطه معناداری وجود دارد که با توجه به ضریب 0.757 آزمون کرامر می توان گفت شدت این رابطه نسبتاً قوی است. بر اساس سایر نتایج حاصله، بین دو متغیر نوع فضای معماری و رنگ غالب نقوش کاشی کاری در تکیه معاون الملک ارتباط قوی وجود ندارد.Analysis of Tiling Patterns of "Tekyeh Moavan-ol-Molk" in Kermanshah by Statistical Nonparametric Test Method (Chi-square)
One of the architectural features of the "Qajar" period in Iran in terms of works of art is their synchronization with religious, literary and mythological themes. Kermanshah’s "Tekyeh Moavan-ol-Molk" building is one of the most significant architectural works of the Qajar period in using tile decorations with such themes. This research is in order to convert the quality of artistic designs of a traditional building into a measurable quantity, and from a statistical point of view, it analyzes the relationship between the architectural spaces of the Tekyeh and the dominant background and color of the tiling in them. Its main purpose was to determine the amount and type of relationship between the architectural space of the support and the background of the designs, their dominant color and reproducibility using a certain statistical method. The most important questions in this research are: 1-What is the classification of the motifs on the Tekyeh? 2- What is the statistically significant relationship between the architectural space of Tekyeh and the background of their dominant designs and colors? Because the type of variables in this study is non-parametric, Chi-square test was used in SPSS software. The present study is applied in terms of the type of research and in terms of research method is in the category of quantitative research and inferential statistics. At first, the theoretical foundations and definition of research variables were explained based on documentary and library studies and analytical and descriptive methods. Then, using field and survey studies, these variables have been explained and summarized in the form of tables using analytical and descriptive methods.The statistical population is one of the tile motifs of the Tekyeh and the volume of samples has been determined as 26 samples using Morgan table. After determining the sample size, and in the next step, the appropriate statistical test was selected to approach the research objectives.Based on the architectural space of the support and the background of the designs, the predominant colors of the designs are considered as the main variables of the research, and the significance of the relationship between them has been analyzed. Since it seems that the relationship between the variables of this research is non-systematic, this relationship is evaluated as non-parametric. Therefore, in order to achieve the objectives of the research, Chi-square test has been used to analyze the data as a valid statistical test. Chi-square test is usually used for relationships when both variables are non-parametric (unless one variable is nominal and the other is interval). There is a direct relationship between chi-square value and the significance of the relationship between the two variables; that is, the larger the chi-square value, the greater the likelihood of a relationship between the two variables. In general, Chi-square only helps to diagnose whether the variables are independent of each other or related to each other. Based on the results, according to the values of Chi-square test 63.96 can be expressed with 95% confidence. There is a significant and systematic relationship between the type of spaces in the support of the Vice-King and the background of the tile designs. Also, the results of Kramer test show the intensity of this relationship with the value of 0.906 show. There is a strong and high intensity relationship between these two variables. There is also a significant relationship between the two variables of background and the predominant color of tiling patterns due to being smaller than 0.05. According to the coefficient of 0.757 Kramer test, it can be acknowledged that the intensity of this relationship is relatively strong. According to other results, there is no strong relationship between the two variables of the type of architectural space and the predominant color of the tile designs in the Tekyeh.In other words, each tile background in each space is determined according to the type and use of that space, and in a way, the backgrounds used in the tile designs in these spaces are intelligently designed considering the type of space and the nature of its function. It was also determined based on other results of the tests of this research that there is a relatively strong and significant relationship between the background of the tile motifs of Tekyeh and the dominant color of the motifs. But based on this research process, it was determined there is no clear and strong relationship between the type of architectural space and the predominant color of the background of its tile designs. This indicates a lack of significant relationship between these two variables. In other words, the designers and artists of this building have paid more attention to the decoration and tiling between the two factors of the relationship between the nature and function of the architectural space and the background of the tile designs, and other factors have been the next priorities.
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