مطالب

Background: Machine learning (ML) has developed significantly over the years, changing several industries through the use of automation and Big Data. By building better next-generation machine learning models, AI’s future has the potential of improving on existing problematic methods such as scalability, interpretability, and generalization. Objective: This article examines about how new generation of ML models are developed and used to explain about the capabilities of AI in different fields. In particular, it is focused on changes in structural models, certain methods of training them, and the application of brand-new technologies as quantum computing. Methods: A review of the state of the art and several case studies were carried out with regard to the latest work being done on different types of ML algorithms such as transformer models, reinforcement learning, and Neural Architecture Search. Moreover, the given models were tested in experiments concerning the applicability of these models in tasks including image recognition, natural language processing, and in autonomous systems. Results: The next-gen models, thereby outperformed the traditional models in terms of accuracy, computational speed, and flexibility. The identified benefits were decreased training time, better interpretability, and better performance with multi-modal and cross-domain tasks. Conclusion: These new generation of ML models are the game changers in AI development solving previous challenges while providing opportunities across numerous sectors. In this vein, further research in this field is needed to achieve AI’s solving of problems.

Cyber threats are changing constantly and these days more than 560,000 new malware varieties are launched daily, which means that rudimentary measures of protecting networks from attacks cannot be of much help in handling real time threats. Single-static security control and manual intervention are insufficient to address APTs, Zero Day, and high-volume DDoS attacks. This is where the application of AI in network security lays its foundation, where real time threat response programs become possible where they are trained to automatically identify, categorize, and mitigate highly complex attacks without requiring massive amount of time and effort. The changing role of AI in network security is examined in this work since it can contribute to the improvement of threat detection, decrease response time, and minimize reliance on human factors. This research reviews more than 150 AI-based security frameworks, and 25 case studies of different industries including finance, healthcare, telecommunications, to assess the efficiency of machine learning and deep learning algorithms for autonomous threat response. The insights show that in challenging contexts, AI-based solutions provide anomaly detection scores of up to 97%, which are far higher than those obtained by conventional systems with average scores of 80%. The response time increased up to 75% as the AI systems responded under 3 seconds during the large scale cyberattack simulation operations. Significant achievement of scalability was across networks with number of nodes more than ten thousand nodes at 90% reliability in different threat scenarios. These findings underscore the importance of AI as the cornerstone of today’s cybersecurity: delivering accurate and timely threat coverage and demonstrating high resilience to threat evolution. However, issues like, algorithm bias, ethical concerns, and resistance to adversarial perturbation calls the need for research to develop effective measures towards the longevity of banking security systems integrated with AI. This study emphasizes the importance of search for new strategies to strengthen current digital environments against the increasing number of threats.

Background: Enabling Edge Artificial Intelligence (Edge AI) to be implemented in autonomous systems and telecommunications can offer for improved real-time data, non-recurring latency, enhanced operational proficiency. Some empirical research suggests that Edge AI minimizes latency by 70%, enhances computing speed by 50%, and cuts bandwidth consumption by 30% in the most demanding cases. Objective: The purpose of this article is to investigate how Edge AI can serve as an enabling technology for the future of self-sustaining environments such as autonomous mobility and telecommunications in terms of measured utility and differentiation. Methods: Screening 120 refereed articles and 25 case studies connected to Edge AI application in telecoms and self-governing systems, this systematic looked-for patterns in the proximal research and promising agendas. The review encompassed research works concerned with latency minimization, bandwidth enhancement and enhancement in the processing capacity. Focus was made on application areas like self-driving cars, industrial IoT, and smart city platforms and performance analysis was made in these areas. Results: The current study prove that when employed in autonomous systems, Edge AI enhances decision making reaction time by 40-60%, while enhancing data traffic throughput within telecommunications networks by 35%. Further, Edge AI makes the overall energy consumption lower in IoT-based applications by cutting down the average usage by a quarter thus creating a sustainable network. Conclusion: Edge AI becomes a central tool in the development of self-driving cars and telecommunications, increased performance and ability to handle mass amount of data at a low latency. These developments place Edge AI at the base of the evolution of future intelligent systems as the basis for smarter and more responsive technological landscapes.

This study aimed to examine EFL learners’ rating accuracy in assessing reading comprehension subskills in various genres. To this end, 60 English translation students participated in this study. The instructional treatment was based on the learners’ challenging reading subskills in four genres. Taking the instructor’s ratings as the yardstick, during a 12- week course, the accuracy of the learners’ self- and peer- assessments was investigated. Data analysis, using MANOVA, confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference between the accuracy of self-, peer- and instructor-ratings. More specifically, the two groups were inaccurate in assessing the main idea/ supporting details and cause/effect subskills in all genres. However, for assessing fact /opinion subskills only the self-assessment group was inaccurate in descriptive genre. Obtaining such detailed diagnostic information about learners’ performance can help instructors in elevating weaknesses in language skills.