مطالب

The term "the right side of history" was used by Ayatollah Khamenei, the leader of the Islamic Revolution, in a letter addressed to the conscientious students supporting the Palestinian people at universities in the United States. He stated: "You are now standing on the right side of history— which is unfolding before us." This research aims to provide an analytical and explanatory foundation for the movement toward "the right side of history," based on civilizational confrontation, using the analytical, inferential method. To gather information, the research has utilized the documentary method. In this study, the foundations of this movement are examined and explained from Quranic, narrative, historical, and rational perspectives, with a focus on the statements of the Supreme Leader of the Revolution. The findings of the research indicate that through various transmitted and rational methods, one can understand this civilizational confrontation and its underlying principles. The diversity of these methods, considering the variety of tastes and interests in the fields of promotion and advocacy, will be very beneficial. Additionally, gaining insight into this matter can serve as a good prelude to explain the issue in various international spheres.

The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program of social competence on social anxiety and the school bonding of the first year elementary school students of Sanandaj city. This research is semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test-follow-up design and control group. The tool used in this research is the Spence Anxiety Questionnaire and the Link Questionnaire with the Brown and Evans School. From the mentioned society, 26 students of 7-9 years old with symptoms of social anxiety were assigned to two experimental groups (13 people) and control group (13 people) by simple random sampling method. Before starting the training process, both groups were pre-tested. After the completion of the intervention process, a post-test was conducted for both groups and after one month of the post-test, a follow-up test was conducted for both groups. The results of the covariance analysis showed that the social competence intervention program had a significant effect on reducing social anxiety and increasing students' school bonding (p<0.001). Therefore, it can be concluded that the intervention program of social competence has a good effect on bonding with school and reducing their social anxiety, so the use of this intervention program is recommended by teachers, psychiatrists, psychologists and counselors.

 Objective: Families frequently experience a variety of wonderful occurrences and, at times, face difficult circumstances, such as the birth of a child with special needs. These conditions can profoundly affect the dynamics of a family. This research aimed to examine parental stress and locus of control between parents of children with certain learning disorder and those without.Methods: This study utilized a descriptive-comparative methodology. The statistics population comprised all primary school students in the city of Talesh during March to June 2024. The research sample consisted of 116 people (56 parents of children with specific learning disorder and 60 parents with children without specific learning disorder) who were selected through purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Internal-External Locus of Control (IPC) scale. Multivariate analysis of variance and independent t-tests were employed to analyze the data.Results: The findings revealed a notable disparity in parental stress and locus of control between parents of children with specific learning disorder and those without (P<0.05).Conclusion: The findings indicate that parents of children with learning disorder endure elevated stress levels and a heightened perception of loss of control, hence increasing their risk.

Dissatisfaction with product-oriented and static forms of assessment led to the emergence of process-oriented testing or dynamic assessment. Learners’ involvement in the assessment process can enhance their learning autonomy and help them process linguistic features more deeply. Accordingly, using a quantitative quasi-experimental research design, the researchers sought to explore whether utilizing DA principles would have any differential impact, believed to be statistically significant, on the Iranian male and female intermediate EFL learners’ learning and retention of English grammar. To this end, 30 EFL learners from two intact classes who were taking a general English course at Shayestegan English Language Institute, in Rasht, Iran were selected as a homoscedastic group of participants based on the scores they obtained on a sample copy of Oxford Solutions Placement Test (OSPT). The intact classes, each comprising 15 students, were then assigned to one experimental and one control group who then received treatment on their L2 grammar under different conditions: The experimental group received instruction on English grammar as per the principles of dynamic assessment in an eight-session intervention program. The control group likewise received treatment on L2 grammar over the course of the study, but they were trained using teacher-fronted instruction. Finally, the groups sat for an immediate and a delayed posttest of grammar to demonstrate their degree of learning and amount of retention of English grammar. Capitalizing on a 2 by 2 factorial design, which allowed for examination of both main and interaction effects of instructional modality and participants’ gender, the researchers employed a two-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to examine the participants’ performance scores. The results revealed that, regardless of participants’ gender, instruction as delivered through dynamic assessment privileged the participants in the experimental group much better than that of the conventional method in terms of their learning an

The degree of social engagement within the early mystical tradition continues to be a subject of scholarly inquiry. A thorough understanding of their societal beliefs and perspectives is crucial for a nuanced and realistic interpretation of their teachings. Central to this understanding is the exploration of the concept of utopia. Utilizing an analytical approach, this research aims to define the ideal state according to Rumi’s Mathnawi and outline the path towards its realization. From Rumi’s perspective, an ideal state is characterized by peace, mercy, harmony, justice, and ultimately, equality. The construction of this utopian society relies on the interdependent roles of individuals, society, and the natural environment. To achieve such a state, Rumi posits a two-stage utopian model: first, the cultivation of ideal individuals, followed by the establishment of an ideal society. In the initial stage, individuals attain peace, mercy, and harmony through their connections with themselves, the Divine, and their familial communities, thus preparing them for the construction of an ideal society. This stage also involves learning through their relationship with nature that the essence of all is one, fostering a sense of unity. Humility, modesty, kindness, and honesty further facilitate dialogue, consultation, and support, laying the foundation for justice and equality. However, various obstacles complicate the journey through each stage, all characterized by a common element of deception. In traversing the second stage, political and economic governance assumes a pivotal role, potentially serving as a foundation for the realization of Rumi’s utopia. 

Knowledge, understanding, and attention to its levels, as well as recognition of the obstacles of each level are part of the fundamental principles in the mystical system presented in Mathnawi Manawi and the ancient Upanishads. The emphasis in these two mystical systems is prominent in achieving transcendental and intuitive knowledge in order to show more depth of truth to its followers. Therefore, the important question in these two mystical systems is the introduction and necessity of this intuitive knowledge and how to reach it. In this descriptive-analytical research, two important mystical texts, i.e. Mathnawi in ​​Iranian Islamic mysticism and ancient Upanishads in Indian mysticism, have been studied to answer the above questions. Mathnawi includes the levels of knowledge, from sensory knowledge to intellectual knowledge and finally to intuitive knowledge, which provides the basis for the discovery of the true self, and this intuitive knowledge is the transcendental consciousness. However, in the ancient Upanishads, which are the most important texts of Indian mysticism, these levels of knowledge and understanding are mentioned under the title of Pravidia and Apravidia, and the ultimate goal of this knowledge is to reach the same intuitive knowledge and discover the true Atman.

INTRODUCTION: Flood is a natural hazard with the highest frequency and the widest geographic distribution around the world. Indiscriminate exploitation of forests and pastures, changing the land use and turning them into unsuitable agricultural lands, along with the indiscriminate construction of residential areas, have caused an increase in floods. This article is done with the aim of prioritizing flood vulnerability criteria in Qirokarzin city in Fars province. METHODS: In this descriptive-analytical research, priorities and effective criteria were selected through library studies, examining various sources, as well as the Delphi technique, then, the opinion of experts and specialists was asked and prioritization was done using a questionnaire. FINDINGS: The findings of the research indicated that 12 effective criteria in the occurrence of floods in the study area are: land use, streets and public roads, distance to the river, soil texture, amount of precipitation, not respecting the boundaries and development of urban areas towards the rivers, high runoff coefficient in the areas residential, low width of the communication network, population density, type of building materials, slope of the land and overall capacity of flood control. In the following, for each criterion, the graph of importance percentage and degree of importance was drawn, and finally, based on that, the priority of the effective criteria in the study area was determined. CONCLUSION: According to the results obtained, appropriate structural and non-structural measures should be taken to minimize flood damage as much as possible. Therefore, managers and executives should consider appropriate management plans to reduce flood damage and include its results in regional development planning programs.