مطالب

story from Dubliners has received immense critical reception over the years and has been studied through various critical frameworks. However, its potential for analysis based on Hegelian dialectic has been largely overlooked. Considering the last episode of the story as a moment of epiphany and self-realization, the study seeks to discuss how the protagonist’s development of consciousness can be interpreted based on the three stages of Hegelian dialectic: Understanding (Idealization of Mangan's sister and the bazaar), Dialectical (faced with contradiction at the bazaar), and Speculative (the final epiphany). The analysis demonstrates how the narrator’s initially fixed determinations and alienated consciousness in the understanding stage face their contradiction at the dialectical moment, resulting in the final epiphany, which mirrors the last stage of the dialectic where contradictions are resolved and self-realization is achieved. Further, based on the principles of Hegelian dialectic rooted in philosophical idealism, the study not only asserts that the narrator’s consciousness evolves through a process driven by contradiction, but it also interprets the narrator’s journey from naïve idealization to self-realization as a universal process of maturation. To avoid a mechanical and rigid application of the dialectical method, the analysis relies on close textual reading to identify the elements that contribute to each moment of the dialectic and deeply contextualizes the argument to deviate from oversimplification of the text.

This article examines how identity, nostalgia, and belonging impact Nicolas Urfe in John Fowles’s The Magus (1965). Drawing upon Homi Bhabha’s “Hybridity”, Stuart Hall’s “Cultural Identity”, and William Safran’s “Myth of Homeland”, the objective of this article is to recognize the futility underlying Nicolas’s relentless endeavors to establish a sense of belonging and reconcile with his inner turmoil and inherent desire in order to reveal the origins of his internal conflicts, such as anxiety, restlessness, and rootlessness. The significance of this article lies in its endeavor to analyze the diasporic experience on an individual ground that does not align with the typical paradigms of Nicolas’s relocation. This article also explores whether Nicolas feels a sense of belonging to a particular place that he can consider as home. We try to respond to two fundamental questions, namely what influences exist behind the adoption or rejection of a new self-identity by Nicolas in Fowles’s The Magus?, and does Nicolas with multi-layered identity associate with both native land and hostland, namely England and Greece, respectively in Fowles’s The Magus? In order to fill the existing gap, we explore how Nicolas’s identity oscillates between pre-immigration and post-immigration spaces, namely England and Greece, respectively.

Masculinity, unlike femininity, have long been left understudied by the scholars. This originated from the essentialist idea that men and masculinity are natural, and subsequently had been taken for granted. They were, not required to be studied. Men, were deemed as the agents who gazed and studied. However with the advent of structuralist and poststructuralist ideas in humanities and specially in social theory, masculinity attracted attentions. No longer was masculinity considered natural, God-given. Now the new theories regarded masculinity as a constructed phenomenon subject to cultural, structural, discursive, and material forces. Therefore it was inevitably subject to change, It was no longer seen as an essential entity. These theoretical inventions spread, though belatedly, into the realm of literary studies. Literary works, especially fiction, provides a very rich material to explore the dynamics and nuances of theory. The present article sets to apply the theories in the field of masculinity studies from social theory to a novel by the British-Syrian writer Robin Yassin Kassab. The Road from Damascus could be useful text to investigate how masculinity produced and reproduced, how it constructed and changed as men experience different social structures. The novel, successfully, takes masculinity as a sign whose significance alters as it moves from one structure to another. A significant aspect of the novel is its focus on immigrant people in the cultural space of England. The article would investigate how the two “modalities” masculinity and immigration would invite new meanings into the previous studies done on the work.

Objective : This study addresses the critical gap in understanding how Industry 4.0 technologies—Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and Extended Reality (XR)—synergistically transform customer-centric supply chains in creative industries (e.g., music, fashion, film). It moves beyond fragmented analysis to develop a unified framework for customer-integrated value delivery. Methodology: A systematic meta-synthesis was conducted following established seven-stage protocols. A targeted search across Scopus and Web of Science (2016–2025) identified relevant literature. After stringent screening and quality appraisal (the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist), 59 high-quality publications were analyzed through iterative coding and thematic analysis. Results : The analysis produced a novel framework of five interdependent components: (1) Customer-Integrated Value Creation (e.g., AI co-design), (2) Omnichannel & Immersive Fulfillment (e.g., XR commerce), (3) Dynamic Value Capture Models (e.g., fan-driven financing), (4) Algorithmic & Gamified Community Engagement , and (5) Networked Co-Creation Ecosystems . The framework demonstrates how AI, IoT, blockchain, and XR interconnect to transform linear supply chains into agile, experiential, community-integrated value networks. Conclusion : This study presents the first synthesized framework for Industry 4.0-enabled, customer-centric supply chains in creative industries. It bridges technology, culture, and operations management, offering researchers a structured model for future inquiry and providing practitioners with a strategic roadmap for building responsive, community-driven operations. The research fills a significant literature gap and offers a blueprint for competitive advantage in the digital creative economy.

Purpose : The purpose of this paper was to critically analyze the textbook "Management of Digital Libraries: A Practical Guide" written by Mitra Samiei (2023) from Chapar Publications and evaluate it based on the standards and criteria of university textbooks. Method : This was an applied research study in terms of purpose and mixed-method in terms of approach, which used critical qualitative analysis and descriptive survey. A checklist was employed for qualitative evaluation of the content and formal structures of the textbook on a 5-point Likert scale. Findings : According to the analysis results, the textbook scored 54/70 (72%) for formal criteria, which was acceptable. In contrast, it scored 40/70 (53.33%) and 47/70 (67.14%) for structural and writing criteria, respectively, which were unacceptable. It scored 66/95 (69.47%, almost 70%) for content criteria. In general, the textbook under criticism can be suitable and practical for students as a work that collects all the materials available in digital libraries by solving the stated problems. Conclusion : Among the factors that can help improve the present work are modifying photo captions, the publisher's innovative cover design, footnotes for jargon, required persons and concepts, citations, glossary and index, and a list of tables and figures. Therefore, the author is recommended to provide practical examples and new instances, employ up-to-date sources, reduce textbook volume, and avoid duplicate content to improve the current work in the next editions. Also, among the strengths of this textbook is a separate chapter dedicated to digital librarianship, organizational structure, human resources in digital libraries, and the author's credibility and expertise.

Following the crash of the Iranian Air Force helicopter near the village of Uzi on 19 May 2024, which caused the decease of the Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi and seven other politicians and crew members, a vast number of news articles, commentaries, and papers were published worldwide, reflecting various reactions to the incident. This event serves as a boundary-making moment both in the surface structure—narrating an event—and in the deep structure—drawing an in-group/out-group divide with the president as the representative of a conservative discourse. The present study attempts to examine how Ebrahim Raisi’s helicopter crash has been represented in the NOW corpus (approximately 19.2 billion words). Inspired by Baker’s (2004) framework of corpus-assisted analysis, as well as Laclau and Mouffe’s Discourse Theory (2001) and Van Dijk’s Ideological Square (2009), the analysis of this event’s representation was conducted using the Keynes parameter and semantic categorization based on a detailed reading of concordance lines. Corpus-based categorization serves as a tool to articulate the semiotic system of the Western worldview toward this incident. The data ultimately reveal a dual representation of the event. On one hand, it narrates reactions from various actors, including the Islamic Republic’s allies and enemies; on the other, at a deeper level, it guides the audience toward an other-making contemplation, producing three types of other-makings based on Raisi’s different positions as a judge, president, and religious figure. This discourse revolves around a nodal point of binary representation—good versus evil—centered on the late president, with categories such as alliance, conspiracy theories, transformation from death to salvation, leadership aspirations, hardline stance, public (il)legitimacy, brutal judge, suppressor president, and unconfirmed cleric, which foreground the negative other more than the positive self.

Objective : This study investigates how waste storage, waste quality, and market dynamicity influence the economic and environmental performance of industrial symbiosis networks in Iran’s food sector.  Methodology: A hybrid simulation approach, combining agent-based modeling and discrete event simulation, is employed to analyze the dynamics of industrial symbiosis networks in the food sector in Iran. This integrated method enables a detailed examination of how waste quality, storage duration, and market dynamicity jointly affect network performance. The model is implemented and simulated using AnyLogic software. Results : The simulation results demonstrate that effective management of waste storage is essential for improving the economic and environmental performance of industrial symbiosis networks in the food sector. Extending the storage duration allows firms to better align waste supply with demand, which is particularly valuable in volatile markets. However, the benefits of longer storage depend on waste quality: for high-quality waste, additional storage costs are offset by higher exchange values, while for low-quality waste, prolonged storage mainly increases costs and reduces profitability. The study also finds that waste storage strategies can substantially buffer the negative effects of market fluctuations. Conclusion : This paper advances circular economy research by presenting an analytical framework that integrates agent-based modeling and discrete event simulation to analyze industrial symbiosis networks. The findings suggest that managing storage duration can improve economic and environmental outcomes, while waste storage strategies help firms mitigate the negative impacts of market volatility. These insights can help managers and policymakers improve waste management in Iran’s food sector.

Purpose : The objective of this study is to examine the mediating role of improved performance in sports startups in the impact of AI-driven marketing on sports product marketing strategies. Method: This applied research employed a descriptive-survey design. The study population consisted of physical education professors, sports science students from Mohaghegh Ardabili University, along with sports product sellers and consumers in Ardabil province. Using Cohen’s formula with a test power of 0.80 and an effect size of 0.25, a sample size of 355 participants was determined. Following the removal incomplete responses, 342 questioners were included in the final analyzed. Data collection utilized standardized questionnaires, for which content, divergent validity, and convergent validity were assessed and established. Reliability, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, yielding coefficients of 0.82 for AI marketing, 0.86 for sports product marketing strategies, and 0.78 for sports startups performance. The hypothesis were tested using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SPSS19 and AMOS23 software. Findings : The findings indicated that AI-driven marketing exerts a 0.42 effect on sports product marketing strategies and 0 . 14 effect on the performance improvement of sports startups. Furthermore sports product marketing strategies demonstrated 0.60 effect on enhancing the performance of improvement sports startups. Conclusion : Therefore, leveraging AI in marketing constitutes a key factor for the success and sustainable growth of sports startups.

This study examines how news headlines about the October 7, 2023, Gaza crisis employ linguistic structures to convey predetermined framing and reinforce power dynamics. Drawing on Information Structure Theory and the analytical framework of information packing theory, a corpus of 50 headlines from major international outlets (The New York Times, Reuters, CNN, AP, BBC, The Guardian, Al Jazeera) published between October 2023 and July 2025 was analyzed using qualitative discourse analysis. Information Structure Theory examines how speakers and writers organize and highlight pieces of information in sentences, such as what is presented as known or new, important or backgrounded, to guide the listener or reader’s attention and interpretation. The study investigates how syntactic and grammatical choices frame events, highlight causes, assign or obscure responsibility, and shape readers’ interpretations and thematic focus. Findings reveal that headlines systematically manipulate information structures to achieve pragmatic effects. Here, foregrounding (preposing) emphasizes key actors or consequences; postposing constructions activate presuppositions and dramatize urgency; passive voice, inversion, and interrogatives obscure responsibility and subtly assign or obscure blame; also, expansion constructions (relative clauses, appositives, and parentheticals) enrich context and amplify humanitarian or emotional dimensions. Overall, the study shows that linguistic choices function as pragmatic tools for managing discourse, framing narratives, and influencing perceptions of accountability. These results underscore the ideological and power dynamics embedded in news production and highlight the importance of analyzing information structures to understand how media discourse shapes public understanding and meaning.

South Asian ethnic minorities (SAEMs) represent a growing population in Hong Kong public education. However, schools struggle to offer them fair and equitable education. One frequently mentioned, but rarely studied component in their performance is teachers’ lower expectations. This article reports on a qualitative case study to examine ethnically Chinese teachers’ expectations of South Asian students in a public primary school in Hong Kong. Five Chinese teachers were interviewed, with observations in three of these teachers’ classrooms. Results indicate teachers have lower expectations. Several influencing factors were identified, including perceptions of cultural differences between Chinese teachers and South Asian ethnic minorities’ families and inadequate training of teachers in Chinese as a second language and incorporating diversified learning strategies into the curriculum. This is one of the first studies specifically focused on exploring in greater details primary teachers’ expectations about South Asian students in Hong Kong.

L'autobiographie est un récit de mémoire qui transcende les simples images des lieux et événements passés. Elle inclut également les odeurs, sensations et émotions liées aux personnes qui ont marqué notre existence, comme nos parents et nos frères et sœurs. Ces expériences sensorielles et affectives influencent notre perception de nous-mêmes et notre vision du monde. Il est crucial de reconnaître que nos parents, qu'ils soient biologiques ou adoptifs, jouent un rôle fondamental dans notre éducation et notre développement. Ils nous guident, veillent sur notre bien-être et façonnent notre identité ainsi que notre manière d'interagir avec notre environnement. Leur soutien, qu'il soit physique ou émotionnel, nous permet d'explorer notre passé tout en confrontant des vérités parfois inconfortables, enrichissant ainsi notre compréhension de qui nous sommes. Monica Sabolo illustre cette quête identitaire en recherchant les empreintes d'un père mystérieux tout en retraçant sa vie dans La vie clandestine. Dans quelle mesure la découverte des aspects sombres de notre réalité alimente-t-elle cette quête ? Faut-il affronter cette vérité par l'introspection, ou se conformer aux rôles établis ? À travers son récit, Sabolo explore sa vie et décrit la relation complexe qu'elle entretient avec son père. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous examinerons d'abord le pacte autobiographique, puis les traces de sa vie, et enfin l'image paternelle et leur relation.

In this paper, I take for granted the view of a long tradition tracing back to Kant that the content of perception is nonconceptual, nonpropositional, and iconic. However, I challenge the idea that this content is either an existentially quantified proposition (the existential view), an object-involving proposition (the particularist view), both (the pluralist view), or still that there is no fact of the matter about the elusive content of perception (Block). Instead, I propose an alternative hybrid model as the most suitable for perception, namely a mix of the representation of properties (relativistic content) and acquaintance with whatever causes the relevant token experience. Although this format is iconic or map-like, the best semantic model for understanding this relativistic content of perception is an open sentence with predicates and free variables. Since this content is neither particular nor existential, it is incomplete (at least in the light of Fregean semantics). That is, it is neither accurate nor inaccurate per se. Perceptions do not represent particulars, let alone the causal relationship between particulars or environmental conditions and the token experience. In other words, neither particulars nor causal relations belong to the content of the experience. Instead, particulars and causal relations belong to the evaluative circumstances of the content (Lewis's context-index pairs). Perceptions represent "de re" properties as accurate or inaccurate attributions to what is causally responsible for the relevant token experience.

In this research, first the financial criteria used in capital decision-making were identified and refined, then the most effective criteria were selected based on the deep learning algorithms including: RF, XGBoost, and LightGBM. In this stage, 11 factors were selected from the 35 factors found in previous research. In the next stage, based on the Forensic-Based Investigation algorithm (FBI), feasible investment options were identified and the internal rate of return was calculated over a 5-year period, and 42 companies that had an internal rate of return higher than the risk-free investment were selected as feasible investment options. During the next stage, different random combinations were used as investment portfolios using three methods: equal weight allocation, mean-variance model, and hierarchical risk preference model. Investment weights were determined for each invested share (combination) and investment returns were evaluated using different metrics. Finally, in order to validate the findings, the feasible investment options were divided into two categories of companies active in the financial industry and others, and the superiority of decision-making (higher returns) in a dynamic process was accepted.