مطالب

Cet article a pour objectif d’examiner le symbolisme du temps dans Les Pleurs de Marceline Desbordes-Valmore (1786-1859). Poétesse romantique française, elle s’est distinguée par une écriture lyrique profondément marquée par le deuil, la maternité et la quête d’apaisement intérieur. La poésie de Valmore transmute la souffrance en une vitalité organique, où les forces élémentaires de la nature dialoguent avec l’élan spirituel de l’être. Son imaginaire poétique se révèle alors comme une tension dynamique entre vitalité et temporalité transfigurée. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous nous interrogeons sur la manière dont le symbolisme du temps s’inscrit au cœur de cette poétique. En nous appuyant sur Les structures anthropologique de l’imaginaire développée par Gilbert Durand, nous analysons comment les symboles liés au temps structurent l’univers symbolique de la poétesse. Dans ce travail, nous nous proposons de répondre à la question de savoir comment Marceline Desbordes-Valmore transforme, à travers son imaginaire symbolique, l’angoisse liée au passage du temps en une quête spirituelle et poétique apaisante. Pour ce faire, nous analysons six catégories symboliques du régime diurne (thériomorphes, catamorphes, nyctomorphes, ascensionnels, spectaculaires et diaïrétiques), afin de mettre en lumière la fonction consolatrice de sa poésie face à la temporalité, à la condition humaine et à l’angoisse de la mort.

Introduction: The increasing proliferation of artificial intelligence systems and algorithmic decision-making in domains such as criminal justice, employment, resource allocation, and public policymaking has brought about wide-ranging ethical and social implications. Although these systems are often deployed with the aim of enhancing efficiency and neutrality, scientific research shows that algorithms can reproduce or intensify structural discrimination and historical inequalities. This review article adopts an interdisciplinary approach to survey the scholarly literature on the ethics of algorithmic decision-making and to analyze the role of algorithms in justice, discrimination, transparency, responsibility, and accountability. The article focuses on explicating ethical theoretical frameworks, examining social and political consequences, and identifying gaps and contradictions in prior research. Material and Methods: It is a narrative review article that focuses on the existing scholarly literature to analyze the ethical dimensions of algorithmic ethical decision-making. Previous studies were analyzed and then the subject was explained. Conclusion: The findings of this review indicate that addressing the ethical challenges of artificial intelligence requires moving beyond purely technical solutions and paying serious attention to social, institutional, and political contexts. Lack of transparency, diffusion of responsibility, and weak accountability mechanisms can lead to the legitimization of unjust algorithmic decisions. The article concludes that the development and deployment of fair artificial intelligence necessitate ethics-centered design, stakeholder participation, effective institutional oversight, and interdisciplinary, context-sensitive research, so that this technology can serve to reduce discrimination and promote social justice.

This paper is a comparative study of two war novels, namely The Book of Collateral Damage by Sinan Antoon and The Yellow Birds by Kevin Powers. Both Antoon, an Iraqi-American author, and Powers, an American writer, describe war critically but from very different points of view. In Antoon’s novel, an Iraqi scholar living in the U.S. during the conflict tries to review the war, collect newspaper pieces of war news, and create a catalogue of the people, the land, and the human and non-human entities he knew before and during the war in Iraq. In Powers’ autobiographical account, the narrator is a young soldier struggling with war trauma and trying to express his bereavement for his dead friend. Both novels address war trauma, but the dimensions of trauma and the way memory and remembering operate in the lives of the narrators are very different. This paper argues that the positionality of the authors determines the way they narrate war. The Iraqi scholar tries to revisit the past and finds recollection a therapeutic act, while the young American soldier is haunted by the memory of his lost friend, and forgetting often becomes a survival strategy for him. The approach used to answer the question—How is war trauma experienced differently on the two sides of the same battlefield?—is a postcolonial one. The study borrows some ideas from postcolonial theoreticians such as Edward Said and Gayatri Spivak to analyse the two novels comparatively.

This article examines how identity, nostalgia, and belonging impact Nicolas Urfe in John Fowles’s The Magus (1965). Drawing upon Homi Bhabha’s “Hybridity”, Stuart Hall’s “Cultural Identity”, and William Safran’s “Myth of Homeland”, the objective of this article is to recognize the futility underlying Nicolas’s relentless endeavors to establish a sense of belonging and reconcile with his inner turmoil and inherent desire in order to reveal the origins of his internal conflicts, such as anxiety, restlessness, and rootlessness. The significance of this article lies in its endeavor to analyze the diasporic experience on an individual ground that does not align with the typical paradigms of Nicolas’s relocation. This article also explores whether Nicolas feels a sense of belonging to a particular place that he can consider as home. We try to respond to two fundamental questions, namely what influences exist behind the adoption or rejection of a new self-identity by Nicolas in Fowles’s The Magus?, and does Nicolas with multi-layered identity associate with both native land and hostland, namely England and Greece, respectively in Fowles’s The Magus? In order to fill the existing gap, we explore how Nicolas’s identity oscillates between pre-immigration and post-immigration spaces, namely England and Greece, respectively.

L’interprétation, en tant que processus cognitif, vise à transférer le vouloir-dire de l’orateur en reformulant le discours dans la langue cible. Ce processus, qu’il soit en consécutive ou en simultanée, exige une gestion efficace des ressources cognitives pour accomplir plusieurs tâches simultanément. Une charge cognitive excessive peut compromettre la performance de l’interprète, d’où la nécessité de développer des compétences cognitives adaptées. Cette étude explore l’impact de la mise en œuvre de doubles tâches sur le développement des capacités cognitives des étudiants en interprétation. Un groupe expérimental a suivi des cours spécifiques intégrant des doubles tâches, tandis qu’un groupe de contrôle n’a reçu aucune formation supplémentaire. Les résultats de cette recherche indiquent une amélioration significative de l’empan mnésique chez le groupe expérimental, mais l’effet sur la performance en interprétation reste incertain. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de poursuivre les recherches pour mieux comprendre le lien entre les compétences cognitives et la performance en interprétation.

For Edmund Husserl, the crisis of the modern sciences consists in the reduction of beings and the world to the mathematically measurable. Yet the lifeworld with its things that we fashion and use with our hands is no less real than the objects of science, and the scientific attitude is always nested within this lived world. Martin Heidegger by contrast finds the major source of our crisis in the Cartesian conception of subject and world. This has culminated in Nietzschean theory of the will to power, which in its unity with technology has despoiled our environment. In all of this Heidegger retains a tenderness for the small-scale products of human handiwork, which are preferable to machines and machine tools. In his own philosophy of technology Gilbert Simondon shares some of these concerns, whilst contending that technological objects have untapped potentials in relation to those who invent, use and develop them. Common to all these philosophies is a worry about abstract theory and mechanization reducing our direct engagement with things. This worry is compounded by a sociocultural tendency identified by Matthew Crawford, a tendency to denigrate a career in the practical trades. Drawing on Crawford’s experience of manual engagement in the world, I argue that a revalorization of such skilled work and of caring and repairing would help to ameliorate the climate and pollution crises and improve our lives. Many of our problems come from the discarding of things through our carelessness or through planned obsolescence by their makers.

This article presents new outlooks toward gender transfiguration in David Hare’s Skylight and Pravda in the light of Judith Butler’s theory of Gender Performativity. It examines whether the linguistic performance of Hare's characters is an innate feature or a hallucinatory effect of their naturalized and gendered bodies. Butler asserts that performativity is a ritualized production and a constrained reiteration of cultural intelligibility under the prohibition pressed by power regimes. Surveying Skylight and Pravda elucidates that gender identity is an imitation, which leads Hare’s characters to resignify and recontextualize the parodic gender reproductions. Moreover, the gendered subjects were subordinated to the language that interpellated them, so that each individual became a linguistically stylized occasion. Therefore, the ever-shifting identities of Hare’s characters were established by the power of the injurious language that interpellated the subjects. Springing from the discussion about gender performativity of Hare’s characters, the article concluded that identity is a phantasmatic construction, and what an individual performs is a non-intrinsic parody of the culturally constructed regulations. As a result, the culturally acquired gender is crafted based on the socially recognizable standards, which shape the directionality of the self-representation.

Objective : This paper develops a single-objective and a bi-objective mixed-integer linear programming model to optimize the post-earthquake relief logistics network involving transfer points, hospitals, and relief centers in Tehran, Iran. The primary aim is to minimize the total time required to transfer injured individuals through the system, while the bi-objective model additionally minimizes penalties for failing to transfer casualties due to capacity shortages.  Methodology: The methodology involves formulating location-allocation models in which demand points, transfer points, hospitals, and relief centers are represented by specific capacity and travel-time parameters. The models are applied to two earthquake scenarios in south-central Tehran: a magnitude-6 event with lower casualties and selective facility activation, and a magnitude-7 event requiring full capacity utilization and a 30% assumed increase in hospital capacity. Results : The model’s effectiveness in optimizing the relief network is demonstrated. For the magnitude-6 scenario, the model selects 10 transfer points, 15 hospitals, and 25 relief centers to minimize total transfer time. For the magnitude-7 scenario, utilizing all available facilities, the model optimally allocates casualties despite severe capacity constraints. Conclusion : The proposed models offer a practical decision-support tool for designing efficient humanitarian supply chains in earthquake-prone urban areas. They underscore the necessity of pre-disaster planning, including establishing transfer points with triage and outpatient capabilities, increasing hospital surge capacity, and ensuring public awareness to direct casualties to designated transfer points.

Tourism is widely acknowledged as a potential engine of economic growth and poverty reduction, particularly in developing countries. This research investigates the impact of tourist growth on poverty reduction in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. The study concentrated on its contributions, problems, and ideas for increasing its pro-poor effect. The questionnaire was applied to obtain data from 400 respondents. The data were examined descriptively. The findings show a clear consensus that tourism may greatly help to poverty reduction, with job creation and income generation highlighted as main advantages. However, fundamental constraints such as inadequate infrastructure, poor security, and little government backing impede tourist expansion. Respondents significantly approve policies such as government infrastructure investment, enhanced security measures, entrepreneurial training, awareness campaigns, and community participation in tourist planning. The study indicates that tourism has significant potential for poverty reduction in Wukari LGA, and that focused interventions are required to solve its obstacles for long-term and inclusive growth.

Postmodern tourism is gradually shifting away from mass tourism toward more personalized, experience-based, and interest-driven forms of travel. In response to this trend, many destinations are increasingly emphasizing local cuisine and developing culinary tourism as one of the most dynamic and creative sectors of the tourism industry. However, the successful development of culinary tourism is not possible without a clear understanding of culinary tourists’ behavior. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to explain the behavior of product-oriented culinary tourists, the most specialized segment of culinary tourism, by developing a behavioral model using a mixed-method approach. In the qualitative phase, a meta-synthesis method was applied, while the quantitative phase employed structural equation modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS 4 to identify key dimensions, components, and indicators, as well as to examine the relationships among them. The sample size was determined using the Cochran formula and consisted of 285 participants, who were randomly selected from saffron culinary tourists visiting the Qaenat region. The findings indicate that tourists’ motivation, destination image, and perceived service quality have direct effects on satisfaction and indirect effects on behavioral intentions. Notably, perceived service quality also shows a direct and significant influence on behavioral intentions. Furthermore, the results highlight several key destination characteristics that strongly influence the quality of culinary tourism tours. These include cultural and culinary involvement, accommodation quality, farm-based experiences, food and beverage quality, reliable service delivery, a sense of safety and tranquillity, effective tour organization, and the quality of tour guide services .