مطالب

Introduction: Independence or autonomy is one of the fundamental rights of patients that must be respected by health professionals in all medical interventions and diagnostic and therapeutic measures. In conditions of infectious disease, the health system, in order to fulfill its moral and legal duty to protect the health of the community, is sometimes forced to violate this principle and limit the autonomy and right to choose of patients. This ethical dilemma is the subject of discussion in this article. Material and Methods: The present study is a review of articles, books, and ethical charters in the field of patient and community rights. To achieve the goal, articles and books published between 2000 and 2024 were reviewed. Conclusion: It seems that although violating the principle of respecting the patient's right to autonomy in conditions of widespread disease is morally justified, complete disregard for this right and arbitrary restriction of it without sufficient evidence, in addition to violating the patient's fundamental rights, will also damage public trust and the social capital of the health system, and will make it difficult for this institution to achieve its major goals and attract public participation.

Introduction: The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the relationship between moral development and wisdom through the mediation of moral intelligence and emotional intelligence. Material and Methods: The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included students of the University of Jyväskylä in the year 2024. A sample of 120 students was selected using a multi-stage cluster random method. The measurement tools included Webster's Self-Esteem Questionnaire (2007), Schering's Emotional Intelligence (1999), Lennick and Keel's Moral Intelligence (2005), and Graham's Moral Foundations (2007). The structural equation modeling method and Amos23 and SPSS22 software were used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that the conceptual model of the study had an appropriate fit. Examining the coefficients of the effects of the research variables on each other, it seemed that moral development had a direct standardized effect coefficient of 0.53 on intelligence. Also, the standardized effect coefficients of moral development on moral intelligence were 0.51, moral development on emotional intelligence were 0.11, moral intelligence on intelligence were 0.32, and emotional intelligence on intelligence were 0.21. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, attention to effective moral variables and appropriate moral education on the one hand, and the promotion of emotional intelligence and attention to social and individual well-being resulting from the proper functioning of this intelligence in individuals on the other hand, are essential for the development of various areas of human wisdom.

INTRODUCTION: Iran, a country characterized by diverse geographical and climatic conditions, is constantly exposed to various natural and manmade disasters. Also, Iranian Red Crescent Society (IRCS), as one of the most critical relief organizations, plays a pivotal role in rescue and relief operations. Accordingly, this study attempted to identify the challenges associated with the implementation of disaster management policies in the rescue and relief operations of the IRCS. METHODS: In this mixed method research, qualitative data were collected through field research, with 12 experts and managers from IRCS, selected through non-random purposive sampling using semi-structured interviews following the theoretical saturation and was analyzed with MAXQDA-2022 software; in the quantitative phase, a total of 365 managers and experts were selected across the country using a multi-stage cluster sampling. Then, a 36-item researcher-made questionnaire was developed using a five-point Likert scale and descriptive and inferential statistical methods were employed using SmartPLS software. FINDINGS: The findings indicate that the implementation of disaster management policies in the rescue and relief operations of the IRCS faces numerous challenges. The qualitative analysis identified 8 global themes, 19 organizing themes, and 36 basic themes. In the quantitative phase, the following dimensions were found to have significant positive effects on the implementation of disaster management policies: resources and equipment (0.561), policy (0.868), empowerment and skills (0.921), decision-making (0.859), organizational structure (0.912), information and communication (0.637), public participation (0.610) and economic, political, and social conditions (0.573). among these, human resource empowerment (0.921) and organizational structure (β = 0.912) exerted the greatest influence on the efficiency of relief operations. CONCLUSION: According to the results, lack of adequate resources and organizational structure, shortage of up-to-date equipment, deficiencies in workforce skills, and poor inter-organizational coordination are key challenges in implementing disaster management policies in rescue and relief operations. Furthermore, enhancing human resource management, improving training and empowerment programs for relief teams, devising transparent and actionable policies, and increasing public and NGO participation can significantly enhance the effectiveness of relief operations. The proper implementation of policies in rescue and relief operations can substantially improve the efficiency of the IRCS in the face of disasters and in addition to reducing human casualties and resource wastage, can also direct society towards sustainable development.

INTRODUCTION: Since systemic limitations such as managerial weaknesses, lack of specialized skills, flawed policymaking, and inefficient structures have created serious challenges in the persuasion process. This study aims to design a strategic model for audience persuasion by the national media during the COVID-19 pandemic crisis. METHODS: This research uses the grounded theory approach as a qualitative method. Data were collected through open-ended interviews and purposeful sampling of 20 experts and specialists related to the subject. The final model includes 264 codes, 85 concepts, and 78 categories. Data collection and analysis continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. FINDINGS: According to the findings, factors such as flawed policymaking, ineffective interaction between the media and other sectors, lack of efficient managerial structures, and unhealthy competition were among the key barriers to audience persuasion during the COVID-19 pandemic. The final strategic model identifies capacities and suggests solutions to improve the audience persuasion process. CONCLUSION: The results showed that fundamental reforms in structures, strengthening persuasive expertise, clarifying policies, improving interactions, and increasing public trust are necessary for the national media to play a more effective role in future crises. Therefore, paying attention to the values ​​of the audience and utilizing cultural capacities can turn the national media into a powerful tool for crisis management.