مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

language


۱.

رابطه بین پیشرفت در زبان انگلیسی و ویژگی های شخصیتی استعدادهای درخشان دانشگاه اصفهان(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: English language achievement Exceptional talents Personality Language skills

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۱۷۰
هدف از اجرای این تحقیق ، بررسی علل عدم پیشرفت متناسب با استعداددانشجویان درخشان در زبان انگلیسی و ارتباط این عدم پیشرفت با ویژگی های شخصیتی ایشان بوده است. بدین منظور یک گروه نمونه از بین دانشجویان درخشان دانشگاه اصفهان و گروهی دیگر از بین دانشجویان عادی همین دانشگاه به طور تصادفی انتخاب گردید. مقایسه نمرات زبان انگلیسی دانشجویان دو گروه در کنکور ورودی دانشگاه نشان داد که دانشجویان درخشان در زبان انگلیسی بهتر از دانشجویان عادی بودند. سپس برای بررسی میزان پیشرفت دو گروه در زبان انگلیسی نمرات پایان ترم اول تحصیلی ایشان که از درس زبان انگلیسی عمومی دریافت نموده بودندمورد استفاده قرار گرفت. مقایسه نمرات دو گروه نشان داد که اگر چه باز هم دانشجویان درخشان از نظر دانش زبانی بهتر از دانشجویان عادی بودند اما پیشرفت گروه درخشان کمتر از گروه عادی بوده است. برای یافتن علت این مسئله آمون‌های سنجش خلاقیت ، شخصیت ، هوش و پرسشنامه فردی اجرا گردید. تجزیه و تحلیل های نشان داد که پیشرفت در زبان انگلیسی فقط با هوش دارای همبستگی مثبت معنی‌دار است و با دیگر و با ویژگی‌های شخصیتی همبستگی ندارد.
۲.

Interrelationships between Language and Literature from Old English to the Modern Period(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: language Modernism Literature Old English Middle English Renaissance Romanticism

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۶۰۸
Literature is the aesthetic manifestation of language. It is ‘as old as human language and as new as tomorrow’s sunrise.’ This paper explores the interrelationships between language and literature from 600 AD to the present day. The grammar of present-day English is closely related to that of Old English with the same tense formation and word orders. The verse unit is a single line and its organizing device is ‘alliteration’. The range of Chaucer’s English did much to establish English as a national language. The writers of the Elizabethan period reshaped the literary language by borrowing foreign words and by coining new expressions and figures of speech. Shakespeare’s language and modern English have enough in common so that historians consider that they both belong to the same stage in the history of English. Milton attempted to reinvent the English language through his Paradise Lost. The writers of the seventeenth century developed a prose style that could bear the weight of the most serious and complex ideas. Then, the writers of the eighteenth century devoted themselves to developing out a formal, polished, and “correct” style of expression. Wordsworth and Coleridge intended to purify and renew the literary language and make it closer to the everyday speech of the ordinary people. Modernism tried to articulate a representation of the world and the way of seeing it through complexities of mind using the spoken rather than the formal language.
۳.

مقاله به زبان فرانسه: تخیل در تقلید ادبی (De l’imaginaire dans l’imitation littéraire)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: writing language Literary trace imitation real imaginary subjectivity

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تعداد بازدید : ۶۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۳۸۵
آهنگ در تقلید ادبی واقعی است در عمل نوشتن که توانایی نویسنده برای ایجاد یک جهان داستانی را بیان درک شده است.در این راستا، تخیل است که در اینجا به دنبال، ارزش جستجو را دارد. در این رابطه، روش مورد استفاده برای ساخت این تصویر، اغلب با استفاده از برخی از قطعات موجود در واقعیت است. از این رو سوال از اثری از دومی که در ادبیات، از جمله تقلید رخ می دهد. پیگیری در معنای پیرس، به این ایده از شاخص اثر انگشت. اما آنچه مرز بین جسم طبیعی است""واقعی"" و که تقلید ردیابی است؟
۴.

Multilinguals’ Choice of Language with Families, Friends, and Acquaintances during Online and Offline Interaction

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: India Facebook language Multilingual Family Friend Acquaintance

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تعداد بازدید : ۵۲۰ تعداد دانلود : ۴۰۹
The aim of the present study is to investigate and compare the choice of language used in an online platform (Facebook) and during offline communication with reference to a family member, a friend, and an acquaintance in the same multilingual speech community. As part of this study, a structured sociolinguistics questionnaire was administered to 38 multilingual postgraduate students. This is followed by interviewing selected focus group to elicit more information on various factors that influence their language behavior. The major finding of this study is that apart from family circle, a majority of multilingual users in India prefer to use English for Facebook private communications only among friends and acquaintances while Mother tongue is the dominant language use for offline communications.
۵.

Language without communication intention(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: language linguistic meaning communication intention understanding-experience semantic attitudes Representation propositionality

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۹۵
This paper argues that a language can exist and flourish in a community even if none of of the members of the community has any communication intentions; and that reference to the notion of communication intention can therefore be dispensed with in the core account of the nature oflinguistic meaning. Certainly one cannot elucidate the notion of linguistic meaning without reference to psychological notions; the communication-intention theorists are right about this. They are, however, wrong about which psychological notions are needed. It is not possession of the ability to (intentionally) mean something that is crucial—the possession and exercise of communication intentions. What is crucial is rather the possession of certain semantic psychological attitudes. To possess such semantic psychological attitudes (semantic attitudes for short) is to be disposed to take certain publicly observable phenomena—such as sights and sounds—as (non-naturally) meaning something. The paper argues that it is possible to describe circumstances in which one can in so doing be said to understand their meaning.
۶.

A Reflection on Kristeva's Approach to the Structure of Language(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Kristeva language semiotics Signifiance Subject

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۹۳ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۲
Reaching out to history and subject in terms of meaning variation, Kristeva could show that language cannot simply be a Saussurean sign system. Rather, she went on to delineate that language, beyond signs, is associated with a dynamic system of signification where the ''speaking subject'' is constantly involved in processing. Julia Kristeva, a French critic, psychoanalyst, theoretician, a post-structuralist philosopher of Hungarian origin, dwells upon ideas from linguistics, psychoanalysis, sociology while representing text analysis, sign and subject from emotional and motivational perspectives.  She believes that processing language structure and subject depend upon semiotic and symbolic domains that emerge in the scope of ''signifiance'' process whereby the semiotic domain processes and primary structures against the symbolic realm. In Kristeva''s view, the sign Chora, while being the milieu for energy, dynamism, and motility, shows the internal and signification drives of the language, and will involve changes in signification mutation of subjectivity.  
۷.

Subjectivity Construction through Familial Discourse Represented in Film: A Case Study of Alyosha’s Identity in Andrey Zvyagintsev’s Loveless(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: The Unconscious language Family subjectivity Ideology Other

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۹۳ تعداد دانلود : ۴۵۵
This paper aims to study the process of identity shaping of a teenager in a family from the perspective of Subjectivity theories. The process of identity formation has been one of the main concerns for various critical approaches in human sciences in general, and the psychoanalytical and Marxist approaches in particular. The case study of the present research is the character of Alyosha from Andrey Zvyagintsev’s film, Loveless (2017). Since there is no particular theory for the contentual analysis of Film, critics in the analysis of the films’ content, take advantage of various literary, sociological and psychoanalysis theories. Therefore, the Conceptual Framework of the present study concentrates on the critical approaches of Structural psychoanalysis and Structural Marxism; particularly definitions of the Unconscious, Repressed Desire, the Name of the Father by Lacan, the Ideology, ISAs, RSAs by Althusser, and the Žižekian concept of Lack of Language. This investigation in the process of identity formation can play a significant role in demonstrating the covert motives of the character’s suicidal act. It will illustrate the way Alyosha as a subject inherits his parents’ repressed desires and lack of language caused by ideology. The application of considering concepts indicates the central role and inevitable impact of the familial discourse at the emergence of subjectivity within the family.
۸.

Language Kingdom in Shakespeare's King Lear and Edward Bond's Lear(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: language Power Power Relations Foucault King Lear Lear

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۸۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۹
This paper aims to investigate the role of language as a form of political and social control, and a vehicle for power and domination in Shakespeare’s King Lear and Edward Bond’s Lear on parallel bases. Foucault’s famous statement which refers to power as present “everywhere, not because it embraces everything but because it comes from everywhere” clearly points to the always already presence of power. The issue of power has occupied a central position within his works. In fact, language can reflect truth as false and vice versa to sustain dominant group’s desires. Language can both reflect and affect our perception of the world indeed. In fact, King Lear and Lear are both stages for language game. The paper thus aims to focus on the way language plays a key role in King Lear and Lear as a vehicle for power and how language makes you powerful or how it throws you away to be a margin. The result shows that there is a dual relation between language and power, so that the voice of king is doomed to silence through the function of characters’ powerful language usage. In both plays, King is in the margin and language rules powerfully on socio-political relations. This paper has benefited from library documents and sources by use of a descriptive-analytical method.
۹.

The Interdependency of Foucauldian Concepts of Power and Knowledge in Shakespeare’s The Tempest(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Power/Knowledge Panopticon language visibility Subjugation

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۴۵
Shakespeare’s The Tempest is an outstanding theatrical microcosm representing the unavoidably overwhelming Foucauldian power relations in all human civilizations and their intricate interdependency of such power relations with the possession of knowledge and construction of reality. The fictional world of The Tempest is thoroughly endowed with the mechanisms of an intense web of power struggles and domination fixations which typically have been, are, and will be characteristic of any human society throughout history. For the sustenance of such a complex texture of power structures and for the manipulation of the overall balance to the advantage of a specific minority, the pivotal function of a constructed reality is as substantial in the story as the real life. Prospero, the central character, successfully manages to subdue all other dangerous, power-thirsty rivals by making use of his superior knowledge enabling him to shape the subjectivities/beliefs of other characters by different means including language and masquerades in an induced world of realities on the island. Shakespeare’s text can well be drawn on to reveal the stealthy workings of different social, cultural and especially moral institutions in recruiting subjects to their malignant power/knowledge network and duping the individuals with the desired notions produced constantly by the institutional apparatuses leading to the construction of an exploitive ‘truth.’
۱۰.

The Effect of South African Geopolitical Position in the Development of Cinema in South Africa

کلیدواژه‌ها: Geopolitical location Variety of culture language religion Climate Wildlife Lower cost of living and working Development

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸۳
This paper will discuss about the role of the geopolitical location of South Africa in the development of movie and the cinema industry in this country. Despite of bringing ci-nema to South Africa by white Europeans, but the development of this phenomenon is mostly due to the geopolitical position of this country. It is interesting to know that ci-nema reached Africa in much the same time as it spread across Europe and the United States. Moreover, the South African film industry is one of the oldest in the world, with the first feature film, The Kimberly Diamond Robbery; being shot in 1910. South Afri-can cinema is one of the best and well-developed cinemas in the African continent. Re-garding to the advantages of geopolitics factors in South Africa there are a large number of the US and European active film companies in this country. These factors are in-cluded: Variety of culture, language, religion, climate, wildlife, lower cost of living, and working compare with European and American countries. And also, as South Africa is a country of strikingly beautiful and varied landscape, with a wide variety of climatic zones that range from the Kalahari Desert in the northwest to the dramatic mountain range in the southeast, and from the Mediterranean coastal ridges in the south-central region to the rolling prairie Savanna grassland of the central plateau and the north.
۱۱.

The Source of Human Knowledge: Plato’s problem and Orwell’s problem

کلیدواژه‌ها: Human Knowledge language Linguistics Language learning

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۴۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۲
Chomsky cannot help wondering at the fact that we, despite so vast evidence, have little knowledge about the obvious evidence. A good example, I think, is the child’s way of first language acquisition. A great many researchers have studied various aspects of child language acquisition at different stages of the child’ life and have brought to light many details of language development. However, it remains uncertain how the child can cope with this heavy task of language acquisition within the first two years of his life. Since its birth, the child begins acquiring the intonation, the sound, the phoneme, the word, the meaning, and the structure of the language, to which he is exposed so fast that it is beyond our imagination. Mind that the same child is unable to do the simplest addition or subtraction of numbers within the early years of life. Thus, the intriguing question for Chomsky is: How is it that the child can acquire the complex system of a language such as English, Turkish, Japanese, Chinese … very fast despite so little and often deficient linguistic input?
۱۲.

Effect of Cognate-Based Instruction Strategy on Vocabulary Learning Among Iranian EFL Learners

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cognate Cross Linguistic Influence Language Learning Strategies language Vocabulary

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۹ تعداد دانلود : ۲۵۹
Cognates are the words celebrating their similarities from phonetic, orthographic, and semantic points of view across two or more languages. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of cognate-based instruction strategy on vocabulary learning among Iranian EFL learners. To achieve the goal of the study, 80 EFL learners (15-27 years old) took part in the study; all of them were learning English at language institutes of Lorestan and Isfahan provinces in Iran. Half of the participants who were native speakers of Laki language were assigned to experimental group and the remaining 40 who were from Isfahan and not familiar with Laki language were assigned to control group. Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was administered to make sure that the participants were homogeneous. The participants in both groups were taught target words (42 English-Laki cognate words), by the researcher, during six sessions. A pretest was administered for both groups before the treatment and a posttest was managed after the treatment for both groups. Three weeks after the treatment, a delayed posttest was administered for experimental group, only. One sample t test for pre and posttest, and paired sample t test for delayed posttest were run. Findings of the study showed that participants in the experimental group outperformed the participants in the control group, resulting in null hypothesis rejection. In addition, the results indicated similar performance of experimental group in both posttest and delayed posttest, confirming that new cognate words were not forgotten over a period of time.
۱۴.

Cultural Identity among Iranian EFL Learners: the Development of a Cultural Identity Questionnaire(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: language culture Identity

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۸۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۲
Learning English as a foreign language in Iran has provided a novel learning milieu for language learners, giving them the capability to create the dialogue between their home culture and the culture of the foreign language they are learning. The current study aims to investigate the level of Iranian EFL learners' cultural identity. To do so, the researchers developed a questionnaire through extensive readings of the literature on language, culture and identity at both national and international levels. To determine the reliability of the questionnaire, Cronbach’s Alpha was utilized. The reliability of all the items in the questionnaire was estimated as 0.78. To measure the validity of the questionnaire, Exploratory Factor Analysis through PCA was performed, demonstrating five underlying factors of Iranian Cultural Identity. Then, the questionnaire was administered to 494 language learners in the context of Iran. The analysis of the data revealed that nearly 68% of the Iranian language learners in the study possess a moderate level of cultural identity.
۱۵.

The Deficiency (Death) or Efficiency (Birth) of Language: Samuel Beckett and Jürgen Habermas(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Absurdist Communication Action language Literature the Frankfurt School

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۹۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۶
The proximity of philosophy and literature has been endured since the dawn of time, both holding their stand among the critical thinkers from the ancient age to the modern time. A wide range of schools and thoughts have come to the stage of philosophy, one of the last ones being the Frankfurt School, whose notions target the social life of human beings and their interpersonal connections, which have been affected by the tragic events of the twentieth century. Jurgen Habermas, as the prominent figure of the Frankfurt School, turns down the challenging thoughts of his peers and expands the theory of “Communicative Action” through which he propounds the essentiality of reason and the importance of a constructive interaction among people with different social classes using a common and practical language. The post-war literature and specifically drama of absurd being known with significant figures like Samuel Beckett found a widespread prominence not only in the field of literature but also extended toward other fields like philosophy. In this analysis, through the works of Samuel Beckett, known as the predecessor of the absurdist drama, the dichotomy of ideas between the death of communication posited by Beckett and the efficiency of language supported by Habermas have been investigated.
۱۶.

Bilingualism and Personality Shifts: Different Personality Traits in Persian- English Bilinguals Shifting Between Two Languages(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: language Personality bilingualism Biculturalism Cultural frame switching

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تعداد بازدید : ۴۷۲ تعداد دانلود : ۳۲۳
The purpose of this descriptive-internet survey was to examine whether Persian- English bilinguals express different personality traits when they switch language when responding to Big Five Inventory (BFI) as a measure of personality once in Persian and once in English. It has been proposed that language activates cultural specific frames and bilinguals represent different personality patterns in each language. In this research 60 Persian- English sequential bilinguals living in the United States were selected by volunteer sampling method. They were asked to respond to an online version of BFI in both languages. The result demonstrated that, bilinguals had higher levels of Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Openness in English than in Persian where as their scores for Neuroticism were lower in English. These findings support the effect of language on personality and demonstrate the function of language as a strong cue for Cultural Frame Switching (CFS) since language was able to activate CFS for Agreeableness, Extraversion, Openness, and Neuroticism.
۱۷.

Kant's Influence on Brouwer

نویسنده:

کلیدواژه‌ها: Brouwer Kant intuition inter-subjectivity language mathematics philosophy Subject

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۹
There are at least three elemental parts in Brouuer's philosophy ef mathematics that mqy have their origin in Kant. These three parts are (1) the intuition ef time, (2) the synthetic a priority of mathematical kn01vledge, and (3) the inter-suf?jectiviry ef mathematical constructions. Brouwer borrowed the notion ef the movement eftime as an a priori intuition ef time, explicit!J expressed, from Kant. In Brouuer's philosophy ef mathematics, the intuition ef time is the on/y a priori notion, on wbicb the whole ef mathematics is built. Houeuer, their notions o] the "intuition eftime" are not the same in the genealogy ef mind As far as the second item is concerned, Brouwer believes that all ef mathematical kn01vledge is a priori and synthetic. His arguments are differentfrom Kant's arguments. The concept of ''inter-suf?jectiviry" ef mathematics in Brotouer's philosophy is very involved, and there is no reference to Kant in this respect. One mqy interpret it f?y the Kantian transcendental subject or even the Husserlian transcendental phenomenology. Both interpretations seem to be consistent. My suggestion is to read Brauner ry himse!f.
۱۸.

Effects of a Personalized Reading Software Program on the Development of Language Learners’ Reading Comprehension

کلیدواژه‌ها: personalized software language Learners Reading Comprehension

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۶ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۰
The current study explored the effects of a personalized reading software program designed based on language learners’ learning style on the development of their reading comprehension. Forty Iranian K-9 students were selected through convenience sampling and were assigned into control (n=20) and experimental (n=20) groups. Both groups’ entry level of English reading proficiency was assessed by reading paper of Cambridge A2 Key exam. Reading was taught to both groups for 10 sessions using a researcher-developed software program. The experimental group used the reading software designed based on users’ cognitive profile (visual, auditory and kinesthetic) with customized instructional scenarios. The control group used a version of the same software that did not include any user-tailored teaching materials. Both groups took part in reading paper of A2 Key again at the end of the experiment. The data were analyzed using One-way Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). The results revealed a significant difference between participants’ reading comprehension at the end of the experiment in favor of the experimental group. The finding highlighted the role of learners’ diversity in the success of computer-assisted learning environments, and has certain implications for software developers and language pedagogues.
۱۹.

Sedimented Expressions and Indirect Language in John Berger’s A Painter of Our Time(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: Aesthetics being Body experience language Perception

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تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۰ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۰
The aim of the present research is to investigate the relation between phenomenology and language, and to comprehend the cognitive experience by reading a literary work or an aesthetic text. It also addresses the process of pure perception and visualization of an object in the mind and the relation of body to the world within the phenomenal field. The present study delves into John Berger’s A Painter of Our Time (1958) in order to examine the painterly process of expressing an array of human sensations and experience of the world, eventually revealing the truth. The phenomenological philosophy of Maurice Merleau-Ponty enables an intersubjective interaction between “body”, “experience”, language and “perceptual world”. This study thus seeks to address the mechanics of the painter’s mind, exploring the root of being and eventually explaining his style and mute meaning. Focusing on whether visualizing, reading, and thinking through a work of art in a text, could provide an aesthetic experience of the text ultimately brings an aesthetic judgment of a work of art based on the knowledge gained through the literary text. Consequently, the readers, positioning themselves in the synesthetic and experience of the text, develop a new visual and aesthetic experience of the world.
۲۰.

Blanchot’s Theory of Language and Narration in Lydia Davis’ Selected Short Stories(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

کلیدواژه‌ها: language Death Signification Spacing Blanchot

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تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۸
The aim of the present study is to show how language and narration function in the selected works by Lydia Davis based on Blanchot’s theory. Lydia Davis is an American writer known for her idiosyncratic and extremely short stories often characterized by clear observations of mostly material and daily events. One aspect that Blanchot points out is the spacing among a literary text. This spacing or distance refers to how a literary text resists interpretation and reaching the singular truth by the reader. The more, the reader attempts to understand the text, the further the meaning slips. As a result, a relation between the text and the reader is created. The present essay shows how Davis experiences death or becoming through her writings. The author shows her sacrifice and becoming the other in her short stories; in Meat, My Husband, Davis becomes no one and every one at the same time; she becomes the wife, the cook, and the meal but she is not any of them as well. In Jack in the Country, Davis reflects the field where no transcendental being is detected. Davis’s stories manifest Blanchot’s theory of language and narration in which the author is engaged with dying process, yet ironically neither he dies nor she is reborn. The aim of the present research is to show how Davis experiences the dying process and becoming the other.