مطالب

Background: The advances in use of resilient telecommunication networks have shown the possible use of autonomous drones to support connectivity in unpredictable and complex terrains. Current network infrastructures have limitations in delivering optimized service in areas like traffic congestion, area of sparseness, disasters etc., which requires some form of innovation. Objective: The article is meant to propose a framework for using autonomous drones in practical telecommunication systems, with emphasis on the energy consumption, scalability, dependability, and flexibility of the solution for various situations. Methods: The study also uses other state-of-the-art approaches such as trajectory optimization, swarm coordination, dynamic spectrum management, and machine learning based resource allocation. Various slips were used on urban, rural, and disaster-sensitive scenarios to assess performance indices including energy input, network connectivity, signal strength, and lag time. The simulation results were supported by field experiments providing insights into various circumstances. Results: The simulation results of the actually proposed framework show network scalability enhancements, where coverage area involves up to 50 km² and power saving higher than 15%. The performance improvement included near perfect trajectory anticipation at a rate of 98%, while the utilization of resources was also optimized. Dynamic spectrum management was useful in reducing interference and increasing efficiency especially in areas of high density. Conclusion: The article promotes the use of UAV based telecommunication networks where challenging questions on scalability and reliability are raised and solved. Through the work presented, strong theoretical and empirical assumptions are made to foster concepts that will solidify next generation communication network.

The present study investigated the role of male and female EFL learners’ reflection, autonomy, grit, and Foreign Language Engagement (FLE) in the prediction of their Emotional Beliefs (EBs) in their Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) courses. In addition, it strived to determine the difference between male and female learners’ EBs. Accordingly, first, the researchers used convenience sampling to select 109 male and 125 female intermediate-level EFL learners at a language institute in Urmia (Iran) as the participants based on their results on a proficiency test. Second, they used Google Forms to administer the EB, reflection, autonomy, grit, and FLE questionnaires of the study to the participants in a five-week period. Third, the researchers used SPSS 25 to perform the statistical data analysis of the study and to answer the raised research questions. The results showed that male learners’ reflection and grit and female learners’ autonomy and FLE were the main factors in their EBs. Moreover, based on the results, female learners’ EBs were more satisfactory than that of male learners in their CALL courses. The results are likely to provide EFL teacher education course-developer, syllabus designers, and teachers with guidelines on the management of learners’ EBs in CALL courses.

Objective: This study aimed to qualitatively investigate the factors influencing remarriage attitudes in widowed women in Isfahan. Methods: The research employed a qualitative approach using thematic analysis. The research population consisted of widowed women from Isfahan who had experienced the death of their spouse at least three years prior to 2024. The sample size for this qualitative study was 17 participants, determined based on theoretical saturation, and a snowball sampling method was employed. To analyze the data obtained from the interviews, coding was performed using MAXQDA software. After organizing the initial codes, 13 organizing themes and 4 overarching themes were identified. Findings: Based on the findings, the factors influencing remarriage attitudes were classified into four main themes: cultural and social issues, perceptions of the future, emotional and sexual issues, and economic issues. The subthemes under these categories were as follows: the economic issues theme included two subthemes: living below the poverty line and job limitations. The emotional and sexual issues theme included four subthemes: the need for companionship with the opposite sex, the need for sexual relationships, availability of sexual partners, and the duality of fear and need. The perceptions of the future theme included three subthemes: uncertain outcomes, marital stability, and hopelessness about future marriages. The cultural and social issues theme included four subthemes: social deprivation, cultural stereotypes, rebuilding after the loss of a spouse, and gender stereotypes. Conclusion: This study highlights the complex factors influencing widowed women’s inclination towards remarriage, including economic, emotional, social, and cultural challenges, underscoring the need for tailored support and societal change.