درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Managing supply chain operations in a reliable manner is a significant concern for decision-makers in competitive industries. In recent years consumers and legislation have been pushing companies to design their activities in such a way as to reduce negative environmental impacts more and more. It is therefore important to examine the optimization of total supply chain costs and environmental impacts together. However, because of the recycling of deteriorated products, the environmental impacts of deteriorating items are more significant than those of non-deteriorating ones. The subject of supply chain of deteriorating products, simultaneously considering costs and environment has gained attention in the academia and from the industry. Particularly for deteriorating and seasonal products, such as fresh produce, the issues of timely supply and disposal of the deteriorated products are of high concerns. The objective of this paper is to develop multi objective mathematical model and to propose a new replenishment policy in a centralized supply chain for deteriorating products. In this model, the manufacturer produces a new product and delivers it to a distant market, and then the distributor buys the product and sells it to the end consumers. This study presents a new mathematical model of the location-routing problem (LRP) of facilities in supply chain network (SCN) for deteriorating products through taking environmental considerations, cost, delivery time and customer satisfaction into account across the entire network and customer satisfaction. In order to solve the model, the combination of the two red deer algorithm (RDA) and annealing simulation (AS) was proposed. We then perform the network optimization in SCN and provide some managerial insights. Finally, more promising directions are suggested for future research.

Some cities have unique and special features that have created a strong image of them in the minds of people elsewhere; But there are many cities that, despite their special features, have not been successful in this area. The purpose of this research is to validate the urban brand model in order to develop the tourism industry in Gilan province. The statistical population of the study includes managers and experts of Guilan Cultural Heritage and Tourism Organization and employees working in tourism services offices of Guilan Province. Using a researcher-made questionnaire, 201 of them by Simple random sampling method were selected. Structural equation modeling using LISREL software was used to validate the model. The results of model validation showed that There is no significant relationship between contextual factors and strategies. But there is a significant relationship between other relationships in the model and the relationship between them was confirmed.

Analysis of investors’ behavior is a new scientific field in financial behavior, which is a good tool for acquiring this knowledge. Uncertain circumstances cause investors to make systematic mistakes and face cognitive biases in their expectations and decision making, including in assessing stock returns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the extent to which investors follow the pattern of belief updating as a cognitive bias in the use of earnings accounting information to evaluate the stock returns of 205 active companies in Tehran Stock Exchange. Multivariate regression analysis was performed using Eviews 9 software. The results show that by controlling year and industry effects, investors use profitability for most of the past years in following the pattern of belief updating based on two indicators of reducing realized earnings per share and equity returns. The research model is also confirmed by the sensitivity analysis and controlling company effects based on the equity return index. However, it is not confirmed by the two indicators of realized earnings per share and return on assets.