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Quel type de texte l’écriture du trauma génère-t-elle ? De source psychanalytique, le trauma survient dès lors que le sujet est confronté à une expérience douloureuse vécue individuellement ou collectivement et qui le hante continûment. Ainsi, il vit un déséquilibre psychique dont la principale manifestation est son incapacité à se maîtriser. Partant de ce postulat, l’article vise à montrer que, dans Notre vie dans les forêts de Marie Darrieussecq, le trauma prend forme dans l’environnement familial et social : disparition précoce de géniteurs, découverte inattendue de sœur clonée, attentats, accidents d’avion, prises en otage, canicule. Il met ensuite en lumière que ses effets sur le sujet narrant sont révélateurs d’une hybridité textuelle. L’auteure construit un texte qui se situe entre le témoignage et la dystopie. Il dévoile enfin l’existence d’une poétique scripturale empreinte essentiellement de nombreuses répétitions, d’éléments onomatopéiques et intertextuels, d’abondantes distorsions syntaxiques, signe d’une subversion de la langue.

L’orientalisme remontant au XIXe siècle, est un mouvement qui marque l'intérêt de cette époque pour la langue, la littérature, les arts et la culture des pays orientaux. Le rapport entre l'Orient et l'Occident est connu depuis l'Antiquité. Mais, l'étude savante de la langue et de la culture orientale remonte à la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle et il atteint son apogée par la première traduction du grand trésor de la littérature universelle ; des Mille et une nuits, par Antoine Galland. Mathias Énard, écrivain contemporain, ayant connu comme spécialiste des cultures et des langues arabe et persane, a essayé de décrire l'Orient de son temps. Cet article a pour objet de mettre en valeur la réécriture des Mille et une Nuits et la réincarnation de Shéhérazade par Mathias Énard dont le reflet se voit dans son livre majeur, Boussole. Dans cette modeste recherche, à l’aide d’une approche analytique et comparative, nous allons essayer de répondre à deux questions : Quelle est l’influence de la traduction des Mille et une Nuits sur Boussole ? Quelles sont les figures représentatives de Shéhérazade dans ce roman ? Nous allons tout d’abord étudier le parcours littéraire de Mathias Énard en tant qu'admirateur de l'orient des Mille et une Nuits. Ensuite, nous allons déchiffrer que ces deux ouvrages se rapprochent non seulement par la structure mais également par le contenu.

As far as teaching English as a foreign language is concerned, the role of literature as a medium to enhance language learning or to promote other cognitive and affective variables has been quite contentious. Over the last three decades, however, some practitioners and second language scholars have resurrected literature as an effective vehicle to teach the second or foreign language. As an attempt to shed more light on the use of literature in English Language Teaching (ELT), the present study investigated the role of literature as a medium to foster critical thinking among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. In so doing, a sample of 39 intermediate Iranian EFL students who were the students of two intact classes were recruited. They were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group (n=18) were required to read unabridged, authentic short stories written by literary figures whereas control group students were provided with abridged and simplified texts and short stories. A validated scale of critical thinking was administered as the pre-test and the post-test before and after the treatment. The results of a one way ANCOVA revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group on the post-test of critical thinking, suggesting that use of literary texts has been effective in enhancing the level of critical thinking among Iranian EFL students. The findings of the study have pedagogical implications for ELT theorizers and practitioners.

The current paper provides an analytical study of Eliot’s poem, “The Hollow Men.” The methods that have been employed in this research are textual and reader-response analyses. The poem has been explored from both approaches in order to know the first impression of the researcher of the poem and backed by critics’ notions of the poem. The study thus intends to shed light on two main themes including religion, spirituality, meaninglessness and nothingness. It also tends to demonstrate how Eliot portrays his own view on the modern men and the modern life through this poem. Eliot believes that modern men are hollow from their insides, and they are empty yet filled with straw just like a scarecrow. The paper tackles the critics’ views on Eliot, Eliot’s view on modernity, and the role of tradition and intertextuality in Eliot’s poetry. The paper finally depicts major themes in the poem. Eliot, in his quest for finding a satisfying religion, penned “The Hollow Men” as a mirror to the conditions of the society after the World War I which caused suffering from lack of faith, religion and morality.

The present paper seeks to address and examine Edward FitzGerald’s globally-known poem afterlife, The Rubáiyát. Translation can serve as a force for literary renewal and innovation. For many years translation was regarded as a marginal area within comparative studies, now it is acknowledged that translation has played a vital role in literary history and great periods of literary innovation tend to be preceded by periods of intense translation activity. The significance of FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát lies in how the poem was read when it appeared and in the precise historical moment when it was published. The impact of FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát was such that on the one hand it served as a model for a new generation of poets struggling to make the skepticism and pessimism a proper subject for poetry, while on the other hand it established a benchmark for future translators because it set the parameters in the minds of English-language readers of what Persian poetry could do. The present chapter tries to show that FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát had a role in forming pre-modern English poetry, notably Housman’s poetry, in terms of form and content. Housman’s A Shropshire Lad and FitzGerald’s Rubáiyát have undeniable similarities.

The present paper aims address the Lacanian concepts of the tyche (tuche) and the automaton in Jeanette Winterson’s The Passion (1987), and to explore the way the whole novel is based on moments of chance, peril, and jeopardy which are traceable in the transformation of automaton into tyche. Illuminating the track of automaton into tyche, the study endeavors to compare reading women’s writing style to experiencing tyche while going through other styles could be comparable to an automaton. A historiographic metafiction, The Passion is divided into four seemingly unrelated sections connected by the elements of chance and calamity. Via experiencing traumatic happenings, the characters face the incursion of the Real into the Symbolic Order (Tyche), considered beyond the determinations of the Symbolic. Observing the mass slaughter and deplorable death of his comrades, Henri is unable to return to the Symbolic and is obliged to remain in the asylum as a mentally disordered person. On the contrary, Villanelle manages to free herself from the post-traumatic stress and commences a new life.

Neil Simon’s plays, through their comic exterior, target serious social critique at the contemporary media-ridden culture of America. This research is a study of Simon’s theater from the perspective of Hannah Arendt’s speculations on human condition, totalitarianism, and violence. The selected plays, Fools, Lost in Yonkers, and Laughter on the 23rd Floor are scrutinized according to the three main concepts in Arendt’s thought, which are “action”, “work”, and “labor”. Action is a set of goal-oriented human activities carried out in plurality and imbued with the hope for new possibilities. Plural action is the most effective means of resisting totalitarianism that only wishes to downgrade action to work and then labor through violence. However, despite impositions and enforcements of violence, action always remains in the history for future generations to draw inspiration from. In Simon’s theater, despite its nonpolitical and humorous façade, action is inevitably thwarted, but its positive outcomes cannot be plagued. Simon puts on a vivid display the sparkles of pluralism and action regardless of immanent violence and its democratic disguise.