درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The present study sought to compare the effect of two modes of corrective feedback, that is, recast and elicitation, on the speaking accuracy of impulsive and reflective EFL learners. In doing so, 95 intermediate EFL learners who were studying at Tehran's Kish Language School were selected through nonrandom convenience sampling and sat for the Impulsivity Sub-Scale of Eysenck's Impulsive Questionnaire (EIQ). A total of 15 learners who were within the middle range were excluded, thus leaving 80 impulsive and reflective learners. Subsequently, a sample PET speaking test was administered as the pretest to assess the participants' speaking accuracy at the outset. Next, the participants were divided into four subgroups: 20 impulsive and 22 reflective learners undergoing a recast treatment, and 18 impulsive and 20 reflective participants experiencing elicitation. Once the 16-session treatment ended, another sample PET speaking test was administered as the posttest, and all four hypotheses were tested through a two-way analysis of covariance. The findings demonstrated that both recast and elicitation were significantly effective in improving the participants' speaking accuracy, while the elicitation impulsive group benefited the most compared to others. The pedagogical implications of this research and suggestions for further study are elaborated in the paper.

The present study aims to investigate address terms in Hawrami, a Kurdish dialect spoken mainly in the Paveh region of western Iran. It explores how speakers of Hawrami use a variety of linguistic resources—such as kinship terms, pronouns, occupational titles, and religious titles—to indicate social roles, relationships, and values. Drawing on sociolinguistic and discourse-analytic frameworks, in particular the work of Brown and Gilman (1960), the present paper examines how the social variables such as age, gender, power, solidarity, and religious ideology shape address practices. Data were collected through ethnographic observation and interviews in Paveh. Given the lack of written documentation and the deeply contextual nature of address practices, a qualitative method based on direct observation and community-based immersion was considered the most appropriate choice. The ethnographic method is especially suitable for studying linguistic behavior in small, localized speech communities, where language usage is closely tied to cultural norms, relationships, and everyday social practices. The findings show that address forms in Hawrami do more than merely serve communicative functions; they embody cultural values and reflect broader ideological shifts, particularly those following the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran. This study contributes to the documentation of an understudied minority dialect and provides insight into the intricate relationship between language, identity, and power in multilingual and multiethnic societies.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of brand association on the brand positioning of football clubs in the Iranian premier league with the mediating role of fan-team identification. The present study is a descriptive and correlational study that has been conducted in the field. The research population of the study included football fans of popular football clubs in the Iranian premier league. Based on the formula for the SEM approach , 208 fans were selected through purposive sampling. Brand association, brand positioning, as well as fan-team identification Questionnaire, were used to collect data. The validity of the tool was calculated and confirmed based on content and structural validity, and the reliability was assessed according to Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability. Structural equation modeling via PLS was used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that brand association had a significant effect on both brand positioning (β= 0.23) and fan-team identification (β= 0.31). The results also confirmed the positive and significant effect of fan-team identification on the brand positioning of football clubs in the Iranian premier league (β= 0.29). Moreover, based on the Sobel test, brand association through fan-team identification was effective on the brand positioning. The value of the GOF also indicated the proper fitness of the research model. This study is one of the few types of research that combines and examines brand associations, fan-team identification, and brand positioning through a comprehensive model in the field of Iranian sports.

The food packaging industry has been investigated as a case study in this study.The present study was conducted based on interpretive philosophy and with an inductive approach. Also, the present study is an applied-developmental study in terms of objective, and it is a non-experimental (descriptive) research in terms of data collection method. A qualitative research design was used to achieve the research objective. In this study, population includes professors of management and food industry managers. Purposeful sampling (snowball method) was used and theoretical saturation was achieved with 20 participants. The participants of this research include theoretical experts (university professors) and experimental experts (food industry managers). A semi-structured interview and a decision matrix-based questionnaire were used to collect data. The results of qualitative coding were validated with the Holsti method (0.717) and Cohen's Kappa (κ) (0.659). The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by the formal method and the reliability of the questionnaire was also confirmed by estimating the internal correlation coefficient (0.815). Analysis and coding of the text of the interviews was done using the theme analysis method in MaxQDA 20. Also, structural-interpretive modeling method and MicMac can be used to determine relationships between constructs and model design in the second part. According to the results, the investigated factors and components were grouped in seven levels. These components are: Level 7 components including business resources, digital transformation leadership and digital/sustainable foresight, Level 6 components, including digital/sustainable innovation strategies, the components of level 5, including the use of new technologies in processes and operations, core digital/sustainable capabilities, and employees' digital experience, level 4 components of the model, including a new approach to food packaging industry processes, improving sustainable food packaging functions, and designing innovative food packaging, the level 3 components, including the alignment of the digital/sustainable innovation strategy with Digital/Sustainable Capability and Business Sustainability in the Digital Age, the level 2 components, including the component of improving customer experience (digital/sustainable), and finally, the “consequences of digital transformation” component with an sustainability-driven innovation approach in the food industry.

The purpose of this article is to present a paradigm model for pink marketing and branding in sports equipment. This research has a "qualitative approach" and uses the grounded theory method. Since the review of previous researches showed that no exactly similar research has been done in this field; Therefore, the application of this theory with the method of Strauss and Corbin (1990) is justified. Theorizing in 3 states is open coding, central coding and selective coding. causal factors include social freedom, becoming an influencer in social media and  women's spontaneity; Background factors include the launch of social media marketing campaigns and increasing the power of influence and purchase of women; Intervening factors include social norms and women's self-branding and strategic factors including pink product (fit with women's taste and taste), pink price (ethical prices), pink advertisement (focusing on emotions in advertising) and pink distribution (external and internal design). Finally, by using the strategic factors of pink branding in sports equipment, we will witness social and cultural identification, targeted marketing and high acceptance. while it's common to find a product in multiple colors, pink is specifically used in gender marketing to make products available in a single version for women, providing marketers with added value.