سنجش و ارزیابی تکنیک های بازآفرینیِ ترجمه در رمان «ارواح کلیمانجارو» اثر ابراهیم نصرالله بر اساس نظریه لانس هیوسن (مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)
درجه علمی: نشریه علمی (وزارت علوم)
آرشیو
چکیده
در فرآیند ترجمه، انتخاب های واژگانی (انتخاب کلمات و عبارات خاص) و ساختاری (انتخاب نحوه سازماندهی جملات و عبارات) هر دو نقشی کلیدی ایفا می کنند و بر یکدیگر تأثیر متقابل دارند. مترجم باید با در نظر گرفتن اهداف ارتباطی متن، ویژگی های فرهنگی و اجتماعی هر دو زبان مبدأ و مقصد و همچنین نیازهای مخاطب، بهترین انتخاب ها را انجام دهد تا پیام اصلی به شکلی مؤثر منتقل شود. این دقت و مهارت مترجم به طور مستقیم بر کیفیت نهایی ترجمه تأثیر می گذارد و در بازآفرینی متن و انتقال مؤثر پیام نقش حیاتی دارد. انتخاب های واژگانی به ویژه می توانند درک و تفسیر خواننده از متن را عمیقاً تحت تأثیر قرار دهند. رمان «ارواح کلیمانجارو» نوشته ابراهیم نصرالله و با ترجمه سید حمیدرضا مهاجرانی، اثری مهم است که به تجارب و احساسات فلسطینی ها می پردازد. این رمان به مضامین هویتی، فرهنگی و اجتماعی فلسطینی ها می پردازد و صعود آن ها به قله کلیمانجارو را به عنوان نمادی از اراده و تلاش برای رساندن پیام و هویتشان به جهانیان نشان می دهد. این صعود نمادی از ارتقای روحی و معنوی و عزم فلسطینی ها در مواجهه با سختی ها است. این جستار ادبی با روش توصیفی- تحلیلی و بر اساس بن مایه های تراسازگازی و نظریه لانس هیوسن به بررسی رمان «ارواح کلیمانجارو« و ترجمه آن توسط سید حمیدرضا مهاجرانی با تمرکز بر سطوح گزینش ساختاری و واژگانی در ترجمه می پردازد.Evaluation of Translation Recreation Techniques in Ibrahim Nasrallah's Novel The Ghosts of Kilimanjaro Based on Lance Hewson
In the translation process, lexical choices (the selection of specific words and phrases) and structural choices (the organization of sentences and phrases) both play a key role and mutually influence one another. The translator should make the best choices, considering the communicative goals of the text, the cultural and social characteristics of both the source and target languages, as well as the needs of the audience, to convey the main message effectively. The translator’s accuracy and skill directly affect the overall quality of the translation and play a vital role in preserving the text’s integrity and ensuring the effective transmission of its message. Lexical choices, in particular, can profoundly shape the reader’s understanding and interpretation. Ibrahim Nasrallah’s novel The Ghosts of Kilimanjaro , translated into Persian by Seyed Hamidreza Mohajerani, is a significant work that reflects Palestinian experiences and emotions. The novel portrays the ascent of Mount Kilimanjaro as a symbol of determination and resilience, representing the Palestinians’ effort to assert their identity and convey their message to the world. This ascent symbolizes spiritual elevation in the face of hardship. This article examines the Persian translation of The Ghosts of Kilimanjaro with a focus on structural and lexical strategies, applying Lance Hewson’s theory of translational recreation. Introduction Translation is more than a transfer of words from one language to another; it is a complex process involving the transmission of cultural concepts, linguistic structures, and communicative goals between distinct cultures. According to Raphaël Breton, as long as there is a need to understand other cultures, translation will remain a vital tool for building connections (Mir-Emadi, 1990: 12). Every language has two main aspects: structure and function. Structure refers to the rules and elements that make up a linguistic system, including syntax, phonology, and semantics. Noam Chomsky divides linguistic structure into four levels: deep structure, transformational structure, semantic structure, and phonological structure (Horri, 2011: 57). During the translation process, the translator faces lexical and structural choices, both of which influence each other. The selection of words and the arrangement of sentences play a crucial role in recreating the text and effectively conveying the intended message. Nasrallah’s novel The Ghosts of Kilimanjaro , translated by Seyed Hamidreza Mohajerani, is an important work of contemporary Arabic literature that narrates the experiences and emotions of Palestinians. The ascent of Mount Kilimanjaro is portrayed as a symbol of resilience, willpower, and spiritual elevation in the face of adversity. This study, drawing on Lance Hewson’s theory of translational recreation, seeks to evaluate the translator’s strategies in this work. The guiding research questions are: How does the evaluation of normative and cultural dimensions in Hewson’s model affect the recreation of the translation of The Ghosts of Kilimanjaro ? In what ways does this evaluation adapt or modify the cultural, value-based, and ideological elements of the source text to align with the target audience’s horizon of expectations, and what consequences does this have for Persian readers’ reception? Based on Hewson’s model, how have the translator’s strategies and decisions impacted the recreation of the text? Literature Review Few studies have applied Lance Hewson’s theory of recreation to literary texts, particularly in the context of Arabic literature. One relevant article, “Thematic Recreation in the Translation of the Play A Bridge to Forever by Ghassan Kanafani Based on Lance Hewson's Translational Recreation Model,” was published by Sayadani et al. (2024) in the Journal of Translation Studies in Arabic Language and Literature . Using a descriptive-analytical approach, the authors aligned Hewson’s theoretical framework with the translation of Kanafani’s play. Despite such contributions, Hewson’s theory has not been comprehensively explored in relation to Arabic novels. Given that The Ghosts of Kilimanjaro , with its distinct cultural and social themes, provides an ideal case for studying translational recreation strategies, this research seeks to fill this gap and provide a more detailed analysis of its translation. Research Methodology This study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach to examine the Persian translation of The Ghosts of Kilimanjaro . Selected passages from the Arabic source text and its Persian translation were collected and analyzed using Hewson’s framework. Hewson argues that the translator does not merely transfer meaning but actively recreates the text for the target audience through “structural choices” and “linguistic choices.” His model highlights several strategies, including: Structural Equivalence : Adjusting sentence structures, such as merging or splitting them, to improve coherence and comprehension in the target language. Alteration : Modifying the perspective or form of the message without changing its core meaning, often concerning metaphorical or connotative concepts. Amplification : Adding information or details to enrich the translation and better convey the message. This study analyzes concrete examples to show how the translator employed these strategies to align the text with Persian cultural norms and expectations. Conclusion This study demonstrates that Seyed Hamidreza Mohajerani, in his Persian translation of The Ghosts of Kilimanjaro , successfully recreated the source text by applying Hewson’s strategies to preserve its message while adapting it for Persian readers. Structural Choices: By employing structural equivalence (e.g., summarizing verbs or adding explanatory phrases) and alteration (e.g., replacing metaphors with culturally appropriate equivalents), the translator reduced cultural and linguistic incongruities. For instance, rendering certain pronouns as their referents improved clarity and reader comprehension. Linguistic Choices: On the lexical level, the translator used amplification and other techniques to make implicit or connotative meanings more explicit. For example, samiʿtu was translated as khabar be man rasid (“I received the news”), while nashtaʿil was rendered as shamʿ-e digar ra roshan konim (“we will light another candle”). Similarly, jalisa (“seated”) was translated as mochaleh (“crumpled up”), intensifying imagery. Descriptions were enriched through adjectives such as kubandeh, suzandeh, va robandeh (“pounding, burning, and sweeping”) to enhance the narrative’s emotional power. Ultimately, Mohajerani’s translation goes beyond literal transfer. By carefully considering cultural, value-based, and ideological elements, he transformed the novel into a meaningful and authentic experience for Persian readers, while preserving the integrity of Nasrallah’s message.
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