درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Looking back at the early 1970s socio-cultural upheavals, Thomas Pynchon’s Inherent Vice (2009) generates a discursive construct of Los Angeles that captures the transition from a Fordist culture to a Post-Fordist one. This essay holds that around this watershed moment, literary heterotopias specific to Southern California are being made. Michel Foucault defines heterotopias as realized utopias, emplacements that simultaneously represent, contest, and invert the normal space. This study reads Inherent Vice , using Foucault’s archaeological method of analysis to develop literary heterotopology. A discursive analysis of Pynchon’s novel reveals heterotopias’ discontinuous nature, which this study proposes as the seventh principle for heterotopology. Furthermore, Pynchon uses a new vehicle, Decompression Heterotopias, to reshape globalization in his retro-production of Los Angeles. Ultimately, the essay shows how the Fordist and Post-Fordist waves of globalization aspire to affect Angeleno’s lives by compressing the time-space spectrum. Pynchon’s decompression heterotopias, however, resist the status quo and propose reconfiguring globalization’s compression forces.

Nowadays, paying attention to the facade and facade design has considerable importance. The facade of the buildings and cons tructions is an essential part of the urban landscape, and thereupon it plays a significant role in urban quality. One of the crucial factors in forming urban landscapes is employing aes thetic measures as touchs tones in the design process. This s tudy aims to reach a set of aes thetic measures from the viewpoint of people in the same society according to the perceptual differences of citizens in the northern and southern regions of Tehran. There are several measures that, by relying on them, we can arrive at an ideal facade design from the viewpoint of people and the building users; designers can also help designers cooperate with the idea and viewpoints of people, their approval in their designs. The following research is done in an applied-analytic method, and gathering the data was done by library and field research and by designing ques tionnaires for the users. By scrutinizing and analyzing the data, it is concluded that the objective criteria are in priority for specifying the beauty in the residential facade.

 Identifying and reviving los t spaces to reduce them is one of the duties of contemporary architects and urban planners; in the meantime, paying attention to the quality of revitalization and users' and beneficiaries' satisfaction is an issue that determines the success rate of this critical issue. The aim of this s tudy was twofold. Firs t, it has assessed the quality of revitalization of los t spaces using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. Second, it has inves tigated Zanjan Match Factory's revitalization success rate, converted into a museum of indus try and mining after renovation and recons truction. The present article's conceptual model is based on the exploratory analytical research method based on Bradbent's theory and the introduction of his five principles as assessment parameters. Each component in the case s tudy is considered, prioritized, and assessed by a survey of 15 participants in two groups of experts and users. Findings show that the criteria of human protection and economic productivity have a greater score in the proper revitalization of this heritage. In contras t, space proportions with a pattern of behavior have the lowes t score (preferences). Furthermore, this space's revitalization shows revitalization's success is the proper coordination between revitalization experts and users of this space regarding fulfilling their desires and needs.

Multiplicity of the companies experiencing financial distress in different countries and as a consequence, their bankruptcy and the impacts on other companies have necessitated conducting research on methods of prediction of such conditions and also their effects on other companies in the market. In this regard, this research has investigated the financial distress spillover in the automobile supply chain companies. For doing so, the methods of default probability time series KMV and the distance from default of four supply chain companies of Iran Khodro and four supply chain companies of SAIPA were calculated. Then, the financial distress spillover in these two major companies was measured in separated models using multivariate GARCH model. The results of the default probability of Iran Khodro companies showed that the default probability with pause of Khodro on the default probability of supply chain companies was significant and negative in 10% level. The results for SAIPA supply chain companies revealed that the default probability with pause of Khaspa had an impact on default probability of Kaspa, Pask and Khazin in significance level of 10%.

The present study aimed at investigating the effect of CALL on intermediate EFL learners’ vocabulary learning and comparing it with traditional teaching method. To this end, a quasi-experimental design was used in which 80 students were chosen based on their performance in an Oxford Placement Test (OPT), and were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Six reading comprehension passages consisting of 72 new words were selected from the book “504 essential words” and used as the pretest of the study. Then, the experimental group received twelve sessions of treatment which was teaching vocabulary through different tools in the computer such as related pictures, video, textual highlights, PowerPoint slides, or Narsis software while the control group received the traditional way of teaching such as providing oral pronunciation of words, explaining their parts of speech, and offering a direct translation of words in Persian. Afterward, both groups attended the post-test of vocabulary at the end of the study. The scores of learners in pretest and posttest were analyzed statistically via running independent T-test. The findings revealed that CALL instruction was more effective in enhancing learners’ vocabulary learning in comparison to the traditional vocabulary instruction. The findings indicated that the experimental group had a better performance than that of the control group, and the learners in the CALL group learned more vocabulary than the learners in the traditional group. The findings of this research have implications for teachers and learners as teachers can use CALL in EFL classes to help them be independent learners, and make vocabulary learning more attractive and enjoyable to learners. The findings can help material developers and syllabus designers to consider the importance of CALL while planning textbooks and materials.