فریده حمیدی

This study is investigated the effectiveness of science education with STEM approach, in a combined (face-to-face and virtual) method, on problem solving skill of the students of the middle school in the topic of energy. This research is a semi-experimental and pre-test-post-test type with the control group. The statistical population is all the 7th-grade male students from middle school in Tabadakan region, Mashhad 2021-2022. From this statistical population, 70 students were selected by the convenience sampling who were in two classes. One of the classes was randomly selected as the experimental group and the other as the control group. The control group received training through the traditional approach, whereas the experimental group underwent training using the STEM method. The research tool was Hepner and Patterson's (1988) standard problem solving skill questionnaire. In order to develop lesson plan with STEM approach, the proposed standard framework (STE(A)M IN INTEGRATED LEARNING SCENARIO) was used. Data from questionnaires was analyzed using SPSS, with statistical indicators calculated and normality. Also, hypotheses investigated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and covariance analysis. The significant values obtained for problem-solving skill (0.033) and its subscales, including Confidence (0.022), Approach-Avoidance style (0.046) and Personal Control (0.025), indicated that the STEM approach was helpful in improving learners' learning and strengthening their problem-solving skill. Also, this study showed that students generally have difficulty learning scientific concepts and problem solving skills, but hybrid approaches such as STEM can improve educational processes and learner performance in developing countries such as Iran. Therefore, the role of STEM approach in education becomes highlighted.

The high prevalence of the coronavirus has put the world in a dangerous position, and fear and anxiety have spread across the globe, leading to significant social and psychological damage around the world. The aim of this study was to qualitatively investigate the implications of communicational, biological and psychological connections of Corona virus on families. To achieve this goal, a qualitative approach and a descriptive phenomenological method were used. The statistical population of the study included the group with Covid-19 disease and the group with acceptable prevention of Covid-19 disease in Tehran. The sampling method was purposive. Thirteen patients (cured from the disease and non-sick) were selected as the sample. Data collection was done through semi-structured researcher-made interviews and data analysis was done by content analysis method. Klaizi seven-step method was used to analyze the data. The five main categories include intra-family relationships, negative feelings and emotions caused by illness, changes in the behavior of others (after social relationships), family disputes and lifestyle changes, and 24 subcategories and 100 free codes of research results. According to the results, it can be said that the design of psychological interventions to improve mental health during this epidemic should be done and also a community program of critical psychological intervention should be prepared and implemented to compensate for the devastating effects after Covid 19.