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Background: Both of transcranial direct current electrical stimulation (tDCS) and neuromuscular training (NMT) have used to relive motor deficits in neurological disease.Aim: We decided to investigate augmenting effect of tDCS and NMT to improve static and dynamic balance and gait parameter in autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Materials and Methods: 24 children with ASD aged 6-10 years old were randomly assigned to one of three groups: NMT+ sham, anodal tDCS, and NMT + tDCS. NMT consisted of 10 sessions motor training (each for 40 min). tDCS training was performed with 1.5 mA on left primary motor cortex for 20 min. Pre-test and post-test evaluations included static and dynamic balance and gait parameters (length and width of stepping and speed of gait).Results: Although improvement of variables were seen in all groups, but in post intervention comparison, combined group was better in static and dynamic balance and gait parameters than two other groups. NMT was more effective than tDCS only in dynamic balance.Conclusion: Our findings were indicated tDCS enhance NMT effect on neuromuscular function in ASD, so regarding the augmented effect in combination of NMT and tDCS, it can be considered in rehabilitation of motor deficits in these children.

Background: Losing a limb can negatively impact balance and gait, leading to reduced quality of life.Aim: This study aimed to examine correlations between spatiotemporal gait and balance with scores of the Quality of Life questionnaire.Materials and Methods: 30 veterans with unilateral below-knee amputations underwent gait analysis to measure step length, stride length, stance time, cadence, velocity, and walking symmetry index by step length. Static balance was assessed via the center of pressure path length by Wii Balance Board during standing. The Timed Up and Go test evaluated dynamic balance. The QoL scores were recorded using the Quality of Life questionnaire for amputees, Trinity Amputation, and Prosthesis Experience Scales (TAPES). Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between spatiotemporal of gait, balance scores, and TAPES domain outcomes.Results: Stride length (r=0.660), prosthetic step length (r=0.648) and intact step length (r=0.618) showed significant moderate positive correlations with psychosocial adjustment, while amputation limb stance time (r=-0.409) correlated weakly. Activity limitations negatively correlated with step/stride lengths (r range -0.781 to -0.784) and cadence (r=-0.538). Moreover, prosthesis satisfaction was associated with improved walking symmetry (r=0.445) and prosthetic stance time (r=0.388).Conclusion: Optimizing gait and balance in below-knee amputation can improve quality of life. Biomechanical factors should be targeted in rehab programs to enhance well-being.

Background: Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ) functions as an evaluative instrument designed to assess traits associated with autism. Variances exist within the brain of individuals on the autism spectrum. Moreover, certain exercises have the potential to impact specific regions of the brain. Aim: This study aims to investigate how the program training of this study impact Autism—Spectrum Quotient. Materials and Methods: Forty-two children aged 7-10 years with ASD were recruited to participate in this study. These children were randomly divided into two groups: the control group (N=10, 7.80±1.35 years) and the experimental group (N=32, age: 8.16±1.16 years). The experimental group underwent an 8-week training program. The Autism Spectrum Quotient (ASQ) questionnaire was used to assess the participants' scores in the pretest and posttest. This questionnaire consists of five subscales: social skills, attention switching, attention to details, communication, and imagination, as well as a total score. Results: Based on the results, the program training had an impact on attention to detail (P=0.017) and social skills (P=0.057). However, there was no significant difference between the pretest and posttest scores for attention switching (P=0.096), communication (P=0.07), and imagination (P=0.161). Conclusion: Based on the results, we can conclude that the program had a small but significant effect in terms of quantity. Due to the specific and unique structure of the brain, it takes time to achieve a substantial impact.

La présente étude a permis de réaliser l’évaluation des métaphores traduites de Divan de Hâfez proposées par De Fouchécour afin d’avoir une vision générale sur la manière d’emploi de la métaphore dans les deux langues française et persane. Nous avons profité des parties les plus importantes et les plus utiles des idées de Meschonnic dans ses différents ouvrages, pour vérifier la manière d’agir de métaphore, son effet sur le sens et nous avons l’intention de vérifier les points communs et les points différents d’emploi de la métaphore dans les deux langues française et persane. Le principe de base c’est que le travail du traducteur doit avoir la même qualité que celui de l'auteur. Pour cela, l'objectif de ce travail de recherche est de trouver les stratégies possibles pour traduire les figures du sens et aussi on va constater des solutions trouvées par De Fouchécour pour en relever des moyens dans la voie de la traduction des figures de sens. Le travail proposé est articulé autour de trois parties: la première présente quelques principes des idées d’Henri Meschonnic, la seconde consiste en des remarques sur les figures du sens en français et en persan et la troisième présente l’analyse des ghazals.

La production écrite, en tant que l'une des principales composantes de la compétence langagière a toujours attiré l'attention des chercheurs en didactique du français langue étrangère. Etant donné la tendance actuelle à centrer les pratiques de cours sur l'apprenant, l'objectif de cette recherche est de décrire les stratégies rédactionnelles utilisées par les étudiants de FLE en Iran et la manière dont ces stratégies évoluent avec l'âge, le niveau d'étude et le genre de ces étudiants, afin d'aider les enseignants iraniens du milieu universitaire à mieux adapter leur cours à leur public. Pour mener à bien cette étude de nature descriptive, nous avons utilisé un questionnaire auto-administré distribué auprès de 123 étudiants de différents niveaux. Le résultat des analyses effectuées à l'aide du logiciel SPSS montre que les étudiants iraniens ont tendance à concentrer l'essentiel des efforts sur la phase d'écriture au détriment de la planification et de la révision. En effet, les stratégies de planification ou de pré-écriture sont moyennement utilisées, alors que les stratégies d'écriture sont plus souvent déployées (moyenne des réponses 3.6 = parfois/souvent) et les stratégies de révision rarement. Nous n'avons trouvé aucune différence significative entre les hommes et les femmes participants à notre enquête. Par contre, il s'avère que l'âge et le niveau d'étude influencent la fréquence de l'utilisation de certaines stratégies de façon significative.  

Social media platforms like Instagram facilitate connections among individuals through the sharing of images and videos, substantially augmenting the potential for influencing their audience. An area of particular interest that has evolved in recent years, especially with the growth of the virtual space and the visual-centric content on Instagram, is the level of satisfaction individuals have with their physical appearance, particularly among women. Their contentment with their appearance is intricately linked to the idealized beauty standards championed by Instagram beauty bloggers, often inspiring them to emulate or even contrast with these models. In cases where individuals deviate from Instagram's beauty standards, their definition of beauty still reflects certain parallels with these standards. For instance, they do not necessarily consider excess weight as a criterion for beauty, much like the Instagram models, who serve as symbols of conventional beauty, rarely possess excess weight. This qualitative research studied this subject through interviews with six female university students aged 20-30 in Tehran. The study aims to explore the influence of Instagram on their self-perception, satisfaction with their physical appearance, and their notions of beauty and desirable aesthetics. The research process involved a comprehensive review of key concepts and relevant literature, followed by the analysis and comparison of the interview themes. The study's findings, derived from an in-depth examination of these themes and concepts, provide a more profound understanding of the participants' mental constructs within the virtual space, shedding light on the substantial impact of this digital environment on individual mindsets.