درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The ongoing debate surrounding the effectiveness of instructional models, particularly within the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) education, underscores the need for empirical investigation. This study sought to address this discourse by examining the differential impact of two pedagogical approaches on the production of idiomatic expressions. Employing a quasi-experimental design, the research compared the performance outcomes of two groups of learners, one exposed to deductive instruction and the other to inductive instruction. The participants engaged in a comprehensive exploration of 64 English idiomatic expressions over the course of the study. Data collection included a pre-test, eight immediate post-tests, a delayed post-test, and an open-ended questionnaire. The 20-session experiment, integrated seamlessly into the regular classroom instruction, involved the alternation of deductive and inductive approaches in teaching eight idiomatic expressions per session. Findings revealed significant improvements in both groups’ scores, yet a noteworthy distinction emerged in favor of the inductive instruction. This outcome implies that an inductive pedagogical approach may exert a significant influence on the production of idiomatic expressions among EFL learners. The study contributes insights into the ongoing pedagogical discourse and underscores the potential benefits of adopting inductive strategies in the teaching of idiomatic expressions.

L'apprentissage du lexique est un élément essentiel du processus d'apprentissage du français car le lexique est le mécanisme de la langue par lequel les connaissances sont transférées, et qui est familier avec eux pourrait mieux exprimer sa pensée, et ses textes auraient un sens plus complet. Au fil des ans, l'enseignement du lexique a été une question controversée parmi les enseignants de langues, et beaucoup d'entre eux n'ont pas été convaincus de la meilleure méthode. Cet article traite brièvement de l'importance du lexique dans l'apprentissage du français et, à cet égard, explique certaines des méthodes que les enseignants de français utilisent. De ce fait, à travers cette étude, il va mettre en relief les tendances conventionnelles dans le domaine de l'enseignement du lexique en utilisant différentes méthodes utilisées par les enseignants de français. De surcroît, les résultats indiquent qu'avant de présenter le sens ou la forme, les enseignants devraient prêter attention au type de lexique, ainsi qu'au niveau et aux caractéristiques des apprenants. On constate également que les enseignants pourraient fournir des stratégies d'apprentissage du lexique avec des opportunités de rencontrer le lexique à plusieurs reprises et dans plus d'un contexte.

A fundamental step in researching the intersection of Islamic mysticism (Irfan) and theology (Kalam), and in bridging these two disciplines regarding the concept of Imamate, is to ascertain if a shared understanding of Imamate's essence exists between them. Only if there's a common conceptualization of Imamate can we effectively explore its various aspects across both fields. The central question of this research is whether the core concept and characteristics of Shi'a Imamate are present within Ibn Arabi's mystical framework. It's important to clarify that this study does not aim to examine the specific linguistic term "Imamate" in mysticism; rather, it seeks to identify the meaning and reality of Imamate, even if it is not explicitly expressed through that particular word in mystical discourse. This article, using an analytical-comparative approach, examines how Khajeh Nasir considers a Perfect Definition (hadd tamm) that it includes the qualifier "by inherent right" (bi'l-aṣālah). He posits that a prerequisite for this definition is divine appointment. Therefore, this can be considered the core characteristic of the Shi'a definition of Imamate. While Ibn Arabi's terminology differs from that of Shi'a theology (kalam), the qualifier "by inherent right") bi'l-aṣālah( can be found in his writings with the same Shi'a meaning. Furthermore, he acknowledges individuals "appointed by God" after the Prophet, which serves as another expression of this very qualifier "by inherent right" )bi'l-aṣālah(.  

The Middle East and North Africa constitute one of the strategic and most significant regions in the world with a turbulent history. The region witnessed the birth of various countries and tense developments from the second decade of the 20th century until the middle of the century, and most of the countries in the region, including Arabic countries and Israel, emerged during the period. In this regard, the countries in the region have experienced conflicts, wars, invasions, and, sometimes, peace, in their relations with Israel. The latest development in this respect is the Saudi-led normalization of ties between some Arabic countries and Israel to oppose Iran and its axis of resistance. Though this has posed a number of threats to Iran’s national security, some opportunities are evident in it, as well. Thus, the main question of the present study is what opportunities the normalization of ties between Saudi Arabia and Israel can have for the empowerment of the axis of resistance. The study utilizes a descriptive and analytical methodology to answer the question, and the overall result of the study – i.e., the tested hypothesis – shows that opportunities like the creation of chasms between the government and society in Saudi Arabia, the pressure felt by Fatah and the need to reconcile with Hamas, Muslims’ reaction to the negation of the Palestinian Dream by Saudis, the creation of chasms between the government and society of Israel, and the gradual withdrawal of the U.S. from the region are all factors that can boost the axis of resistance based on the existence of groups who oppose the process of normalization across Saudi Arabia, Israel, and the Islamic world at large.