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This article aims to identify the relationships among components of green supply chain management (GSCM) in sport businesses through interpretive structural modeling (ISM) and classifying those components according to their driving and dependence power. This study developed in two phases. In the first phase, literature was reviewed and 12-components of GSCM were identified. Then, in the second phase, the GSCM components in sports businesses were structured using ISM and the hierarchical and interactive model of GSCM in sports businesses was developed. The results showed that among the 12-components, ‘internal/external pressure’, ‘rules, regulations and standards’ and ‘green resources’ were the drivers and cornerstones of the formation and change of other factors. Based on the research findings, the key driver and components for achieving GSCM in sports businesses are providing infrastructure (green resources), adhering to norms (internal and external pressure), and setting its executive guarantees (rules, regulations and standards). Therefore, to achieve ‘economic benefits’ and create a ‘green market’ in the sports industry, emphasis and investment on these issues will be helpful. The current paper attempts to develop a conceptual framework for GSCM in sports businesses.

Health and well-being have become significant dimensions of urban sustainability, particularly in countries with rapid urbanization. Community sports affect the health and vitality of society's population. Although planning for city management has existed throughout history, an integrated structure of the role of sports in urban planning to improve the quality of life and health of citizens has not yet been defined. This study aims to present a community sports planning program in metropolitan areas of Iran. The research was qualitative, and was done using the grounded theory approach based on the systematic approach of Strauss and Corbin (1998). 13 participants were purposefully selected from experts in the field of public sports development for interviewing. The final model was based on 6 categories and 36 factors. Gender and infrastructure were the most contextual factors. Cultural and underlying factors were given more attention than casual factors. Among intervening factors, media, monitoring, and evaluation got more emphasis. The categories of infrastructure and planning were mostly emphasized in the strategies section. While, in the model implementation consequences section, cultural and social consequences were mostly emphasized. Through a participatory approach to sports development, metropolitan municipalities can better understand the needs of their citizens. A bottom-up or company-centric approach allows organizers to reconstruct sports presentation models based on each metropolis. 

Given the critical role of sport managers’ behaviors in developing efficient processes in sport settings, the aim of the current study was to provide a model of sports managers’ strategic behavior. The research participants were selected theoretically through a snowball sampling approach. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with professional sport managers to collect the research data. Grounded Theory (GT) with a Systematic Approach was applied for data analysis. The results of qualitative data analysis from the interview were presented as a paradigm model of strategic behavior of sports managers in the form of six dimensions of the paradigm model, including causal condition, the main phenomenon (strategic behavior of managers), contextual condition, intervening condition, action /interaction strategy, consequences. The categorization based on the relationships between the concepts around the behavior of managers presents the paradigm model of the strategic behavior of sports managers. According to the findings, managers can eliminate many of the strategic barriers in sports organizations by institutionalizing strategic thinking and making decisions based on strategic behavior. 

Background: Superstitions and rituals have long been a part of sports culture, with many athletes believing that they can bring good luck or improve their performance. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between superstitions and sports success in Iraqi football league players. Materials and Methods: This study used a descriptive-correlational analysis method, with data collected in the field from a sample of 200 players randomly selected from the population of players in the Iraqi football premier league. Two standard questionnaires, Superstition in Sports and Sports Success Questionnaire, were used to collect data, both of which were designed based on the Likert five value range. Results: The study found that there is a significant relationship between superstitions and sports success, with the most important priority related to the component of "team ritual" (5.58) in superstitions and "commitment" (4.58) in sports success. The study also found that 37% of changes in sporting success are related to superstitious components. Conclusion: Based on the study's findings, it can be concluded that the use of superstitious rituals can have a positive effect on the sports success of athletes.

Purpose: This study was conducted aiming to investigate the effect of selected TRX and Pilates training on balance parameters, fatigue index, and quality of life in female patients of multiple sclerosis. Method: In this study, 30 female patients with MS in Isfahan city with an average age of 37.41 ± 7.57 years and a history of MS of 11.31 ± 3.77 years and an Expanded Disability Status Scale of 0.84 ± 1.81 were placed in three groups including control, TRX and Pilates groups. The training program consisted of eight weeks including 3 sessions of 60 minutes of exercise per week. In order to investigate balance, fatigue, and quality of life, the Berg test, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life were used respectively. SPSS version 25 software was used for statistical analysis. Results: The results of this study have shown that both exercise programs have led to a significant improvement in the mean parameters of balance (P < 0.005), fatigue (P < 0.005), and quality of life (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Considering the noticeable impact of these training protocols on the quality of life, balance and fatigue, these interventions can be considered as an efficient and cost-effective methods to improve health condition in MS patients.

Purpose: The activity of plasma liver enzymes is intensified under the influence of sports activities, which is affected by the duration, intensity, type and method of training. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a special endurance training session on the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and aspartate aminotransferase liver enzymes in inactive young men. Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 16 young inactive men were purposefully selected and examined in two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group performed Bruce's protocol after preliminary warm-up. Blood samples were collected before the test, immediately after the test, 24 hours and 48 hours after the test from both groups at the same time, and the amount of serum ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase) and AST (Aspartate Transaminase) enzymes were measured using an Auto analyzer. Statistical analysis of the data, independent T-test was used to compare the results of two groups and Bonferroni's post hoc test was used to determine the difference between different stages of sampling with a minimum significance level (P≥0.05). Results: The results of the independent T-test in the comparison between the groups showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in the amount of ALP enzyme in the time intervals immediately after the activity (P≥0.020), but in the time intervals of 24 (P≥0.177) and 48 hours (P≥0.136), there is no significant difference between the two groups after the activity. The results of the independent T test did not show any significant changes in the amount of AST enzyme in any of the time intervals in the comparison between groups. Conclusion: Fatigue-inducing sports activity leads to an increase in the amount of enzymes, ALP, this increase can be a sign of damage to liver cells or heart muscle. Considering the role of recovery in liver damage, it seems that by considering enough rest time, it is possible to help improve the adaptation process while preventing the occurrence of muscle and liver damage