درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

زبان شناسی

حوزه‌های تخصصی
ادبیات اقتصاد تاریخ تربیت بدنی جغرافیا حقوق روانشناسی زبان شناسی علم اطلاعات و دانش‌شناسی علوم اجتماعی علوم اسلامی علوم انسانی علوم تربیتی علوم سیاسی فلسفه و منطق مدیریت مطالعات زنان هنر و معماری
زبان شناسی چیست؟ زبان شناسی کاربردی زبان شناسی نظری سیر تحول زبان شناسی (تاریخچه) علوم مرتبط میان رشته ای ها نقد و بررسی کتاب
ترتیب بر اساس: جدیدترینپربازدیدترین
فیلترهای جستجو: فیلتری انتخاب نشده است.
نمایش ۷۴۱ تا ۷۶۰ مورد از کل ۱۰٬۵۱۵ مورد.
۷۴۱.

The Role of Direct Metalinguistic and Indirect Feedback Timing in Enhancing Willingness to Communicate (WTC) of Iranian EFL Learners(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۱۱, Issue ۴۷, ۲۰۲۳ 55 - 70

کلیدواژه‌ها: Feedback timing WTC Meta-linguist feedback Indirect Feedback

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۳ تعداد دانلود : ۷۲
This study tried to inspect and compare any possible effects of immediate and delayed metalinguistic and indirect feedback on the level of WTC of Iranian EFL learners in task performance. This research was a quasi-experimental work with 120 Participants (63 males and 57 females) who were divided into four groups: 30 students as the direct-immediate feedback group, 30 students as the direct-delayed feedback, 30 students as the indirect-immediate feedback, and 30 students as the indirect-delayed feedback. Different instruments were utilized to collect the required data, including the Oxford Placement Test (OPT), the WTC scale (McCroskey, 1992), and a set of two-way exchange tasks. After homogenizing the participants, based on the OPT test, the participants took the WTC scale as a pretest. As the treatment, the indirect immediate feedback group participants reformulated the errors into the correct form as soon as they committed errors. In the indirect delayed feedback group, the teacher noted the errors and the student’s name to provide feedback for that specific student. In the direct metalinguistic immediate feedback group, the participants were provided with both explanations and examples of the correct form of errors they committed. In the metalinguistic delayed group, the teacher wrote notes on the error types and the students’ names to provide explanations andcorrect examples for specific students. The WTC scale was readministered in the post-test and the scores were recorded. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the pre-and post-test data. The result of the data analysis showed there was an interaction between the timing and the type of feedback regarding their effect on Iranian intermediate EFL learners’ WTC.
۷۴۲.

Exploring the Predicting Role of Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in Reading Comprehension Proficiency among Iranian EFL Learners

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۸, Issue ۲ (۲۰۲۳) 47-66

کلیدواژه‌ها: Emotional Intelligence language proficiency non - linguistic factors Reading Proficiency

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۳۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۴۳
The present study scrutinized the probable significant correlation between Iranian language learners’ emotional intelligence (EQ) and reading proficiency. Moreover, the significant predicting role of the participants’ EQ for their reading comprehension proficiency was investigated. To this end, 196 Iranian B.A. English language teaching students at Islamic Azad university of Neyshabur attended the study. They formed unequal proportion of gender. The study followed a quantitative descriptive design, in which the significant correlation between the variables and the significant predicting role of EQ were investigated. As the normality of data was proved through Kolmogrow-smirnow test, the parametric statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficient, independent sample T-test, and linear regression analyses were employed. The data collection instruments were an ETS TOEFL reading comprehension test and Bar On’s (1997) inventory of emotional quotient. The findings demonstrated significant positive correlation coefficients between the participants’ reading proficiency and overall EQ as well as most of its subcategories. Three highest positive significant correlation coefficients were seen among the participants’ reading proficiency level, happiness, problem-solving, and emotional self-awareness successively. The results of linear regression analysis also reflected that EQ significantly predicted the participants’ reading proficiency. No significant differences were found between the genders concerning EQ. The findings laid emphasis on the influential importance of psychological non-linguistic factors in improving linguistic competence of language learners. Language teachers should be acutely conscious of the highly influential role of psychological paradigms in boosting language learning process of language learners.
۷۴۳.

The Impact of Genre-based Pedagogy in the Development of Critical Stance in MBA Students’ Writing

نویسنده:
منبع: Research in English Education Volume ۸, Issue ۲ (۲۰۲۳) 67-81

کلیدواژه‌ها: academic writing critical stance Disciplinary Writing Discourse community genre - based pedagogy

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۵ تعداد دانلود : ۲۶۵
There has been a debate over the use of genre-based pedagogy to develop university students’ ability to create valued meaning in academic writing. Some researchers support an implicit genre-based instruction while others support an explicit genre-based instruction. However, few empirical studies move beyond this debate to investigate the effectiveness of genre-based approach to developing university students’ academic writing skills. Therefore, this study investigates the impact of genre-based pedagogy in developing MBA students’ ability to construe critical stance in their writing. The data consisted of 28219 words corpus of 40 essay assignments, collected pre-genre-based course and post-genre-based course. Using Hyland’ s (2005) model of intersubjective positioning and Martin and White’s (2005) theory of evaluation in discourse, the data were analyzed for the distribution of hedges, boosters, attitude markers, and disclaim markers through manual coding using UAM corpus tool. The results showed a significant decrease in the use of key linguistic resources that function to make a text informal. In addition, the results showed a less significant increase and a less significant decrease in the use of key linguistic resources that function to construe critical stance in academic writing. These results have implication for the use of genre-based pedagogy in developing students’ ability to create valued meaning in academic writing. They show the extent to which genre-based pedagogy, implemented at the beginning or during subject learning, impacts students’ academic writing skills.
۷۴۴.

تضعیف همخوان /k/ در تاریخ زبان فارسی از دیدگاه واج شناسی آزمایشگاهی(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: علم زبان سال ۱۰ بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱۷ 37 - 82

کلیدواژه‌ها: تضعیف آوایی درزمانی زبان فارسی واج شناسی تاریخی واج شناسی آزمایشگاهی همخوان انسدادی نرمکامی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۰۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۷۹
همخوان/k/ در ساخت مضارع برخی فعل های فارسی باستان و بعضی صورت های غیرِفعلی آن، در بافت /V_[a, e]/ به آواهای[ʧ] و [z] تبدیل شده است و در ساخت ماضی همان افعال در بافت /V_[t]/، به آوای [x] تغییر کرده است. مقاله حاضر به بررسی پایه های صوت شناختی این تضعیف درزمانی در قالب واج شناسی آزمایشگاهی می پردازد. به منظور بازسازی بافت آوایی این تغییرات تاریخی، صورت هایی از فارسی امروز که دارای بافت های فوق هستند، توسط دو گویشور مرد فارسی معیار دو بار تکرار شدند. تحلیل صوت شناختی نمونه ها که به وسیله نرم افزار پرت نسخه ۵۳۶۳ ضبط شدند و نتایج آزمون تی نمونه های مستقل نشان دادند که پیشین بودن و تکیه بر بودن واکه های [á, é] دلیل پیشین شدگی [k] و دمیدگی و قرارگیری آن در بافت میان واکه ای، انگیز ه انسایشی / سایشی شدگی آن است. در این بافت، ویژگی های صوت شناختی انسدادی پیشین [c] و انسایشی [ʧ] به یکدیگر و در مواردی، به سایشی [ʃ] و حتی [s] شبیه اند. [c] در بافت /V_t/ نیز، ویژگی های آوایی سایشی را نشان می دهد و در برخی پارامترها، به [x] نزدیک است. بنابراین، [c] در این بافت ها، مستعد تبدیل و تعبیر به آواهای انسایشی/ سایشی است.
۷۴۵.

The Effect of Watching English Cartoons on Adolescent Iranian EFL Learners’ Emotion Regulation and Self-Efficacy(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Journal of Applied Linguistics (IJAL) Vol. ۲۶, No. ۲, September ۲۰۲۳ 231-253

کلیدواژه‌ها: English cartoons Emotion regulation Self-Efficacy Cartoon genres Adolescent language learners EFL

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳ تعداد دانلود : ۶
English cartoons have become increasingly popular as a resource for language learners worldwide. While the literature has primarily focused on their impact on English language skills and sub-skills in EFL education, less attention has been given to their influence on cognitive and affective aspects such as emotion regulation and self-efficacy. This study employed a mixed-methods approach with a pre-test/post-test quasi-experimental design to explore the impact of watching English cartoons on the emotion regulation and self-efficacy of adolescent Iranian EFL learners. 120 Iranian learners, aged 12 to 18, were recruited from English institutes in Tehran and randomly assigned to either the experimental or control group. The experimental group watched two 30-minute episodes of selected American-produced animated cartoons per week for eight weeks, totaling 16 episodes, while the control group did not. The MANCOVA analysis revealed significant differences in self-efficacy and emotion regulation between the experimental and control groups, indicating that exposure to English cartoons positively influences learners' emotional responses and self-efficacy. Thematic analysis of the interview data highlighted positive evaluations of the experience, identifying five themes: enhancement of language skills, positive emotions leading to increased motivation, the prominence of comedy, contribution to sustained learning, and varying effects on self-efficacy. These findings hold valuable theoretical and practical implications for the field.
۷۴۶.

The Construction and Validation of a Q-matrix for Cognitive Diagnostic Analysis: The Case of the Reading Comprehension Section of the IAUEPT(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Language Testing, Volume ۱۳, Special Issue, March ۲۰۲۳ 31 - 53

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cognitive Diagnostic Models (CDMs) GDINA Islamic Azad University English Proficiency Test (IAUEPT) Q-Matrix Reading comprehension attributes

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۹۱ تعداد دانلود : ۲۸۰
Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) have received sustained attention in educational settings because they can be used to operationalize formative assessment to provide diagnostic feedback and inform instruction. A large number of CDMs have been developed over the past few years. An important component of all CDMs is a Q-matrix that specifies a particular hypothesis about the relationship between each test item and its required attributes. The purpose of this study was to construct and validate a Q-matrix for the reading comprehension section of the Islamic Azad University English Proficiency Test (IAUEPT), as an advanced English placement test designed to measure language ability of Ph.D. candidates who tend to pursue their studies in the IAU. To achieve this, using item responses of 1152 candidates to twenty items of the reading section of the test, an initial Q-matrix was constructed based on theories and models of second/foreign language (L2) reading comprehension, previous applications of CDMs on L2 reading comprehension, and brainstorming and consensus of five content experts. Then, the initial Q-matrix was empirically validated using the method proposed by de la Torre and Chiu (2016) and checking mesa plots, and heatmap plot. Five attributes were derived for the reading comprehension section: vocabulary, grammar, making an inference, understanding specific information, and identifying explicit information. Finally, the analysis of the Generalized Deterministic Inputs, Noisy “and” Gate (GDINA) regarding absolute fit at item- and test-level as well as three residual-based statistics showed the accuracy of the Q-matrix and a perfect model-data fit.
۷۴۷.

بحثی در صحت و سقم انتساب منظومۀ خسرونامه(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: زبان فارسی و گویش های ایرانی سال ۸ بهار و تابستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱ (شماره ۱۵) 93 - 113

کلیدواژه‌ها: عطار نیشابوری خسرونامه ساختار زبان محتوا

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۷ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۰
منظومه عاشقانه خسرونامه یا گل و هرمز یکی از مثنوی های معروف منتسب به عطار است که برخلاف دیگر مثنوی های جعلی منسوب به وی، به خاطر نظم و انسجام شعری و اشتمال بر پاره ای ویژگی های زبانی و تبحر سراینده، عده ای را بر آن داشته است تا این منظومه را از آنِ عطار بدانند و آن را در ردیف چهار منظومه اصلی و مسلّم وی، یعنی منطق الطیر، اسرارنامه، الهی نامه و مصیبت نامه بنشانند. درمقابل، عده ای دیگر نیز با بیان ادلّه ای این انتساب را رد کرده اند. این مقاله به مطالعه سبک شناختی خسرونامه ازحیث ساختار، زبان و محتوا می پردازد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد انتساب این منظومه به عطار نادرست است؛ زیرا بین خسرونامه و آثار مسلّم عطار، هم ازحیث شکل و ساختار، هم ازنظر کاربردهای زبانی در دو سطح واژگانی و نحوی و هم ازجنبه محتوا و درونمایه، اختلاف و تفاوت های عمده ای وجود دارد. از طرف دیگر با مطالعه نسخه شناختی و برون متنی این منظومه و کشف برخی حقایق تاریخی، رد انتساب آن به عطار تقویت می شود.
۷۴۸.

Exploring the Efficacy of Process-Based Reflective Teacher Training: A Focus on Situational Role Plays, Video Analysis, and Scenario Evidence as Guided Reflective and Caring Practices for EFL Teacher Candidates(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۲, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۳ 79 - 103

کلیدواژه‌ها: EFL teacher candidates Reflective teaching scenario evidence situational role-plays teacher caring video evidence

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۶۳
The current study aimed to explore the effectiveness of a process based reflective teacher training course that utilized situational role plays, video analysis, and scenario evidence as guided reflective and caring practices for EFL (English as a Foreign Language) teacher candidates. To this end, 45 teacher candidates at a teacher education university in Iran participated in a semi-structured interview (pre-intervention and post-intervention interview) and created process-oriented narrative journals documenting their reflective and caring practices. The findings of the study indicated that all the three groups of participants (role play group, scenario-based evidence group, and video evidence group) benefitted from the course and demonstrated improvement in various ways. The emerged themes from each group (role play group: 23 categories, video group: 17 categories, and scenario-based evidence group: 16 categories) illustrated how these strategies supported teacher candidates in developing their caring and reflective practices.
۷۴۹.

The Effect of Recast on EFL Learners’ Pragmatic Development: Patterns of Reciprocity(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۲, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۳ 178 - 196

کلیدواژه‌ها: pragmatic development recast pattern of reciprocity Request pragmatics

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۸۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۱
Corrective feedback has been evidenced to be a propitious pedagogical tool to promote second language (L2) knowledge, yet little is known about the role of interactional feedback in maximizing L2 learners’ pragmatic knowledge and their reciprocity patterns to corrective feedback in teacher-student interactions. Therefore, the current study made an attempt to bridge this gap. To do so, twenty (11 male and nine female) intermediate English as a foreign language (EFL) participant with an age range of 19 to 31 were recruited and were provided with recast for their inappropriate request strategies. The participants were assigned to perform requests in various scenarios that varied in terms of power, familiarity, and social distance. To gauge their performance, a pretest and posttest Discourse Completion Test (DCT) was run. The obtained data gave evidence to the efficiency of recast in improving L2 pragmatics. Moreover, classroom interactions were recorded and transcribed to identify the emerging reciprocity patterns. The findings revealed several reciprocity patterns, including repetition of trigger, modification of trigger, acknowledgement, topic continuation, and inability to respond. The findings have implications for L2 teachers and augment our understandings of the role of recast in L2 pragmatics and reciprocity patterns of students.
۷۵۰.

رد ه شناسی ساخت های ربطی در متون گورانی و بازتاب نظام کنائی در آنها(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات زبان و گویش های غرب ایران سال یازدهم بهار ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۴۰ 103 - 125

کلیدواژه‌ها: متون گورانی ساخت های ربطی ساخت وجودی نظام کنائی فعل ربطی

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۷۶ تعداد دانلود : ۴۲۲
در پژوهش حاضر، ساخت های ربطی در متون گورانی و نحوه بازتاب نظام کنائی در آنها بررسی می شود. پیکره زبانی این پژوهش، دیوان مولوی (مشهور به مولوی کُرد)، یکی از معتبرترین متون گورانی است. داده های این پژوهش، براساس چارچوب رده شناختی دیکسون (2010) استخراج و توصیف شده است . در متون گورانی چهار ساخت ربطی وجود دارد: ساخت اسمی، وصفی، وجودی ظرفی و وجودی ملکی. همچنین، به جز ساخت وجودی از فعل واژگانی «داشتن» برای بیان مالکیت استفاده شده است. الگوی مطابقه فعل ربطی با CS در ساخت های اسمی، وصفی و ظرفی از همان الگوی S در گذشته پیروی می کند و در ساخت وجودی ملکی از الگوی A در گذشته در نظام کنائی پیروی می کند. باوجوداینکه نظام کنائی در فعل های واژگانی به صورت گسسته است و صرفاً در زمان گذشته رخ می دهد، در ساخت وجودی ملکی در زمان حال و گذشته به صورت یکنواخت نظام کنائی حاکم است. هرچند در زبان متون گورانی و زبان فارسی نو متقدم هر دو از ساخت وجودی ملکی برای بیان مالکیت استفاده شده است، در فارسی نو متقدم نظام فاعلی-مفعولی به کمک پس اضافه «را» بازتاب یافته است؛ درحالی که در متون گورانی نظام کنائی به کمک واژه بست ها بازنمایی شده است.
۷۵۱.

Reliability and Validity of Self-Assessments among Iranian EFL University Students(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: International Journal of Language Testing, Volume ۱۳, Issue ۱, Winter and Spring ۲۰۲۳ 225 - 235

کلیدواژه‌ها: learner-centered teaching learner autonomy Self-assessment Reliability Validity

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۳۰ تعداد دانلود : ۳۱۹
Modern teaching practices emphasize learner autonomy and learner-centered approaches to language learning. Such teaching methods require corresponding assessment approaches. Self-assessment is viewed as an assessment mode which matches modern learner-centered teaching methodologies. However, the validity and reliability of self-assessments are not yet conclusively established. This study aimed to provide validity and reliability evidence for self-assessments among Iranian EFL university learners. The Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) Self-Assessment Grid was translated into Persian and was given to a sample of Iranian undergraduate students of English. A C-Test battery containing four passages was used as a criterion for concurrent validation. Self-assessments of university EFL learners were examined for internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Findings showed that while self-assessments are highly reliable they lack validity as evidenced with low correlations between components of self-assessment grid and the C-Test. The implications of the study for the application of self-assessments in foreign language education are discussed.
۷۵۲.

Learning styles, Technology Savviness, and Iranian EFL learners’ Vocabulary Knowledge: The Mediating Role of Learners’ Preferences and Needs during Agile App Development(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۴۲, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۲۳ 51 - 80

کلیدواژه‌ها: Learning Styles technology savviness Needs analysis custom-made mobile applications vocabulary knowledge

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۸
 Juxtaposing the ubiquitous facets of mobile technology as everyware (Greenfield, 2010) and vocabulary as one of the most axial aspects of language learning (Bowles & Cogo, 2016; Schmitt & Schmitt, 2020) , besides the importance of considering learners’ attributes and needs (Taghizadeh, 2019) while developing a mobile vocabulary application (app), necessitates analyzing the relationship and impact of all these elements in a single structural model. To tackle the issue, first, via a mixed-methods design, the researcher developed a bespoke mobile application using the task model and the principles of agile methodology. and then investigated the impact of using the app on a sample of 62 Iranian EFL university students’ vocabulary recognition and recall, the results of which were published in two other articles. In this study, the researcher integrated the obtained data within a proposed structural model and assessed the model's fitness to investigate the interaction and interrelationship among the latent variables mentioned above. The results obtained from SEM-PLS analyses revealed that within the unified structural model, the learners’ preferences and needs were favorably influenced by their learning style orientation and technology savviness. Similarly, the findings verified the positive impact of considering learners’ preferences and needs during the agile app development lifecycle on the target participants’ vocabulary knowledge, encompassing vocabulary recognition and recall. Finally, the fitness of the proposed structural model was verified based on the criteria for model assessment mentioned by Sparks and Alamer (2022) . The SEM-PLS data analyses and the implications of the study are presented and discussed.
۷۵۳.

تجزیه وتحلیل الگوریتم های خطی سازی ساختار های اشراف چندگانه: در جستجوی یک تعمیم نظری(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: علم زبان سال ۱۰ پاییز و زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۱۸ 111 - 152

کلیدواژه‌ها: ساختار اشراف چندگانه ادغام خطی سازی ترتیب فضای کاری

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۵۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۰۴
ادغام موازی در ساخت همپایگی، منجر به اشتقاق ساختاری می شود که دربرگیرنده رابطه متقارن دوسویه است. در رابطه متقارن مذکور، یک عنصر اشراف چندگانه می شود و در بین دو بند همپایه به اشتراک گذاشته می شود. در این حالت، عنصر مشترک֯ دو گره مادر خواهد داشت و طبیعتاً خطی سازیِ ساختارهای مشتق از ادغام موازی که دارای اشراف چندگانه هستند با مشکل مواجه خواهد شد. هدف از این پژوهش واکاوی و کالبدشکافی الگوریتم هایی بود که تاکنون در ادبیات مربوطه جهت مرتفع شدن چالش خطی سازی ساختارهای اشراف چندگانه مطرح گردیده اند. به طور مشخص، در این پژوهش محتوای الگوریتم های ارائه شده در خصوص خطی سازی ساختار اشراف چندگانه به صورت کیفی و با بهره گیری از ابزارهای گراف و (نظریه) مجموعه تحلیل شد. رویکردهای تجربی و محاسباتی کمّی موجود در رابطه با موجودیت این نوع از ساختار نشان داد که ساختار اشراف چندگانه پیش از اینکه مشخصاً محصول ادغام موازی باشد، برایند طبیعی عملکرد ادغام در فضای کاری است. در ادامه تحلیل، جهت پرتوافکنی بر عملکرد و ماهیت ادغام در فضای کاری، مبحث ترتیب گذاری بر ادغام مجموعه ای مطرح شد تا از این منظر بخشی از خطی سازی، در نحو محض رقم بخورد.
۷۵۴.

Understanding the language of examiners: Metadiscourse markers in Iranian and international PhD dissertation defenses in English for Academic Purposes(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: پژوهش های زبان شناسی سال ۱۵ پاییز و زمستان ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۲ (پیاپی ۲۹) 15 - 26

کلیدواژه‌ها: Metadiscourse examiner review genre dissertation defense English for Academic Purposes

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۱۲ تعداد دانلود : ۲۱۲
PhD examination is a unique type of assessment with examiners playing a key role in it. Despite extensive research on various modes of academic genre, research on the examiners’ language representing oral review genre is yet underrepresented. One important way to identify this genre is to unpack the metadiscursive features that constitute this type of academic discourse. Using a metadiscourse framework, developed by Hyland (2005), this study investigates the metadiscursive markers that constitute Iranian and International examiners’ language of PhD dissertation evaluation. The data include the transcriptions of Iranian and International examiners’ evaluative discourse in eight PhD dissertation defenses, taken place in Iran and the US (MICASE corpus), representing English for Academic Purposes. The results indicate that the examiners use a variety of interactional as well as interactive metadiscourse markers to convey the effective and appropriate evaluation of the PhD dissertations at hand. Further breakdown of the metadiscourse devices and the comparison of the two sets of data are provided. The results unpack an aspect of oral academic review as a specific genre with implications for both EAP-user examiners and PhD candidates to become aware of the discursive features of the examiners language.
۷۵۵.

Construction of Intercultural Savoirs Through Interculturally-laden Tasks: An Iranian Experience(مقاله پژوهشی دانشگاه آزاد)

نویسنده:
منبع: The Journal of English Language Pedagogy and Practice, Vol.۱۶, No.۳۲, Spring & Summer ۲۰۲۳ 1 - 29

کلیدواژه‌ها: Iranian EFL learners intercultural communicative competence Byram ICC model interculturally-laden tasks reflective worksheet

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۷ تعداد دانلود : ۷۵
A long-standing concern reverberating over the minds of intercultural scholars is how best to incorporate intercultural issues in English language teaching, an issue on which there has been little research in EFL contexts. To fill this gap, this qualitative study examined the efficacy of interculturally-laden tasks in promoting Iranian learners’ intercultural competency in Anzali, Guilan province, Iran. Thus, a group of 22 Iranian intermediate EFL learners were recruited through convenience sampling from a pool of 44 according to their score on Oxford Quick Placement Test. All the participants were 12 females and 10 males aged 21-30. Then, they attended eighteen sessions of intercultural training using Mirrors and Windows: An intercultural communication textbook and completed seven intercultural tasks as a pretest and posttest. Data was collected through seven intercultural tasks and reflective worksheets. Drawing on the qualitative content analysis of intercultural tasks, the findings revealed that the tasks could help the participants increase their intercultural competence. Moreover, three themes were emerged from the analysis of the reflective worksheets as follow: (1) the participants’ evaluation of the ICC course and intercultural tasks, (2) perceptions regarding intercultural development and (3) language skills and anxiety. The implications and suggestions for further research are discussed.
۷۵۶.

Investigating the Implementation of Peer Scaffolding on Speaking Proficiency in Blended versus Traditional Classes at the Advanced Level(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۳۱, Spring & summer ۲۰۲۳ 83 - 93

کلیدواژه‌ها: Blended class peer scaffolding speaking proficiency and traditional class

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۵۱ تعداد دانلود : ۶۹
Traditional methods of scaffolding for language teaching have turned out ineffective, leading to the exploration of innovative approaches such as blended learning. While blended learning has shown effectiveness in various language aspects, its impact on scaffolding for speaking proficiency remains unclear. This study investigated the impact of peer scaffolding on speaking proficiency in traditional face-to-face classes versus blended classes. The participants consisted of 42 advanced learners, randomly assigned to a control group (traditional classes) and an experimental group (blended classes). Pre-tests and post-tests were conducted using speaking topics to assess speaking proficiency, and evaluations were done using established criteria. The control group received instruction and speaking practice using conventional methods, while the experimental group had access to online resources and was engaged in face-to-face sessions guided by peers and the teacher. Dscriptive statistics and t-tests were employed to analyze the data. The findings indicated that the experimental group, which received peer scaffolding in the mixed class, performed better in speaking ability compared to the group that received peer scaffolding in the conventional class. These findings have implications for language teachers, material developers, and policy makers, emphasizing the potential benefits of integrating peer scaffolding within blended learning environments to enhance speaking proficiency for advanced learners.
۷۵۷.

From Needs Analysis to Book Evaluation: The Case of SAMT English for the Students of Dentistry

نویسنده:
منبع: Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, Vol. ۸, No.۲, Spring ۲۰۲۳ 87 - 108

کلیدواژه‌ها: Book Evaluation Needs analysis ESP EMP Dental students

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تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۸۱
The main goals of the study were to decipher the English language needs of dental students and to evaluate the effectiveness of the recent official English for specific purposes (ESP) book published for Iranian dental students by SAMT Publication. Accordingly, the study sought to determine whether this book has the potential to meet the specific needs of dental students. Needs analysis data were gathered by interviewing 34 ESP stakeholders from two universities of medical sciences in Iran. The interviews attempted to examine the students' language needs, lacks, and preferences. Following the needs analysis, six evaluators evaluated the coursebook based on a book evaluation form. The results obtained from the needs analysis highlighted the significance of practicing 4 language skills in addition to medical terminology.      In terms of students' language skill lacks, it was found that the majority of the students had problems in listening, speaking, vocabulary, and pronunciation. The participants also reported the learners' preferences and some drawbacks of current ESP courses with respect to learning styles and methodology. Following the book evaluation process, it was concluded that even though the book did not gain a fully satisfactory score, among a few ESP books published for Iranian dental students, this book was the most appropriate one to be used in ESP courses. However, considering some points can surely improve our future ESP books and give the material developers a better understanding of ESP materials.  
۷۵۸.

The Contribution of Working Memory and Language Proficiency to Lexical Gain: Insights from the Involvement Load Hypothesis(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching English as a Second Language, Volume ۴۲, Issue ۳, Summer ۲۰۲۳ 117 - 146

کلیدواژه‌ها: language proficiency Involvement Load Hypothesis receptive and productive lexical gain working memory

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۳۰ تعداد دانلود : ۲۶۱
This study investigated the interplay of working memory capacity and language proficiency in the context of vocabulary acquisition through word-focused tasks. The involvement load hypothesis served as a theoretical framework, positing that the degree of cognitive engagement influences lexical learning outcomes. A total of 100 EFL learners participated in this study. They were divided into distinct groups based on varying levels of working memory capacity, language proficiency, and aspects of working memory (phonological short-term memory and executive working memory). The participants engaged in receptive and productive vocabulary tasks under different experimental conditions, including reading-only, reading plus blank-fill, and reading-plus production. The results revealed intricate relationships between working memory capacity, language proficiency, and vocabulary acquisition. While the efficacy of the hypothesis varied across conditions, its predictions were influenced by the nuances of individual cognitive capabilities and language competence. Learners with higher proficiency levels acquired more lexical items, both receptively and productively.  Although the difference with the phonological short-term memory was not significant, executive working memory was more facilitative of lexical gain. Additionally, the role of input modality in shaping vocabulary learning outcomes was highlighted. That is, reading plus production and blank-fill tasks resulted in more lexical gain than reading-only tasks.  The study contributes to the theoretical understanding of vocabulary acquisition by underscoring the complex interplay of cognitive processes and language factors. These insights hold implications for foreign language pedagogy, guiding educators in crafting more effective interventions for enhancing both receptive and productive lexical knowledge.
۷۵۹.

Exploring the Role of 5E-Based Online Activities in English Language Students’ Critical Thinking and Creativity(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Issues in Language Teaching (ILT), Vol. ۱۲, No. ۱, June ۲۰۲۳ 1 - 31

کلیدواژه‌ها: 5E Learning Cycle Model 21st-century learning skills Critical thinking Creativity Easyclass

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۱۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۳
The 5E Learning Cycle Model (Bybee, 1990) is an instructional design model which has roots in inquiry-based learning and constructivism and has received much support in non-EFL-related literature as a way to improve 21st-century skills, such as critical thinking and creativity, among students and to prepare them for an amazing occupational future. However, little work has been done on the model concerning English language students; hence, this study dealt with the effect of 5E-based online activities on English language students’ critical thinking and creativity. The study utilized a mixed method grounded theory method approach. A sample of 60 adult English language students studying in a pre-IELTS class at a private language academy took part in the study during a 12-session semester, in addition to an extra session at the beginning of the semester, in which they received instruction with regard to the platforms to be used, namely Easyclass and Nearpod. Student interviews and self-reflections, teacher interviews, self-reflections, and field notes were applied to extract qualitative data, and student self-assessment checklists were used to gain quantitative data. The analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data via an independent sample t-test, inductive thematic analysis, and grounded theory demonstrated that the employment of 5E-based online activities culminated in the improvement of EFL learners’ critical thinking and creativity. The findings have theoretical and practical implications not only for 21st-century language practitioners’ education and competencies but also for curriculum development.
۷۶۰.

Computer-Generated vs. Direct Written Corrective Feedback and Iranian EFL Students’ Syntactic Accuracy and Complexity(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۴۲, Issue ۲, Spring ۲۰۲۳ 111 - 148

کلیدواژه‌ها: Computer-generated feedback Direct written corrective feedback Syntactic accuracy Syntactic complexity

حوزه‌های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۵۹ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶۷
To date, with the everyday growth of technology and the increase of online classes, busy modern teachers seek to lighten their burdens and boost their learners’ autonomy. Thus, this multi-method action research aimed to probe the differences between receiving computer-generated and direct corrective feedback (CF) on the syntactic accuracy and complexity of female adolescent Iranian EFL learners’ writing. Two intact classes took part in the study; one group (Group C) received CF from an AWE (Automated Writing Evaluation) tool, called Ginger software, and the other group (Group T) received CF from their teacher. Subject-verb agreement and verb form errors were considered to measure the syntactic accuracy while the average sentence length and verb form variation were regarded as the syntactic complexity. Moreover, via a questionnaire, the students’ perceptions of the kind of CF they had received were taken into account to see which one was more effective. Findings obtained from MANOVA revealed that both groups made significant improvements regarding syntactic accuracy. Group C produced more complex outputs after being exposed to the treatment while Group T didn’t make such progress. The results obtained from the questionnaire also indicated that both groups found the CF satisfactory. However, Group C held more positive attitudes. Not only was the Ginger application effective in decreasing the number of students’ writing errors but also it motivated them to be better writers and write more. The study further points to the likely merits of technology-enhanced feedback in improving EFL learners' writing ability in general, and their written syntactic accuracy/complexity in particular.

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