مطالب

Absolving is one of the most important issues in Shiite texts and documents. There are some quotes in Shiite documents that clarify absolving Sunni Caliphs, especially first and second Caliphs. That is an important issue in the relations between Muslim branches. This paper tries to evaluate different quotes about absolving Caliphs in Shiite documents. It is done by analyzing library data. The results show that such quotes contradict the verse of Quran invites to unity, especial quotes about absolving, Ahl_al_beyt’s manner, the principle of piety and secrecy, etc., and are not validatable. Some of the reasons for the weakness of such quotes are hierarchy, the unreliability of some narrators, etc., which results through document analysis. Another result of analyzing quotes' origins is the invalidity of some primary sources. However, proving such an issue doesn’t mean denying the Caliphs absolving in Shiite beliefs. Avoiding to declare Caliphs absolving is very important, also swearing and slander.

Purpose: The aim of this research was investigating the relationship of teachers’ emotional maturity and perception of teacher behavior and students' academic buoyancy. Methodology: Present study in terms of purpose was applied and in terms of implementation was descriptive from type of correlation. The research statistical population was all teachers and students of fofth and sixth grade of elementary school (86 teachers and 2576 students) of Neyriz city in 2018-19 academic years. According to Krejcie and Morgan table, the research sample was 70 teachers and 350 students who were selected by cluster sampling method. The research tools were the questionnaires of emotional maturity (Singh & Bhargava, 1990), perception of teacher behavior (شریفی, 1989) and academic buoyancy (DehghaniZadeh & HoseinChari, 2012). Data were analyzed by methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and multivariate regression with enter model in SPSS software version 22. Findings: The findings showed that teachers’ emotional maturity and dimensions of social Incompatibility and lack of independence had a negative and significant relationship with perception of teacher behavior and teachers’ emotional maturity and dimensions of personality collapse and lack of independence had a negative and significant relationship with students' academic buoyancy. Other results showed that the dimensions of teachers’ emotional maturity could significantly explain 7.8% of changes in perception of teacher behavior and 11.7% of changes in students' academic buoyancy (P<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, to improve the perception of teacher behavior and students' academic buoyancy can be increased the teacher's emotional maturity and its dimensions.