مطالب

Background: The world is rapidly becoming more intelligent, and AI is penetrating many fields, including international affairs. Based on this, we will soon witness the emergence of a new generation of embassies, namely AI embassies.Aims: This article answers the main question: "What are the prerequisites and requirements for using AI in embassies?"Methodology: This research, conducted using a qualitative approach and socio-technical theory, examines changes around embassies and operational experiences in this area and concludes that ambassadors need to align with modern developments to succeed in their diplomatic missions.Findings: The research findings indicate that a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the developments in the host country and benefiting from AI suggestions for developing relations with the government and people of the host country are among the advantages of AI embassies. Security issues and the need for skilled human resources are some of the challenges of AI embassies. Finally, the main achievement of this article is to provide an operational framework for the responsible use of AI in embassies.Conclusion: Designing and implementing an artificial intelligence strategy, ensuring data quality and security, empowering embassy staff, and continuous monitoring and evaluation are the most critical components of this proposed framework.

Objective: The present study aimed to predict marital burnout in individuals married for 5 to 10 years based on attachment styles, with the mediating roles of marital self-regulation and marital intimacy. Methods and Materials: This study was analytical-correlational in nature, employing path analysis. The sample consisted of 384 married individuals (164 men and 220 women) who were selected through convenience sampling. The participants were aged between 25 and 45, with a marriage duration of 5 to 10 years. Data were collected using validated questionnaires, including the Marital Burnout Scale (Kayser, 1996), the Revised Adult Attachment Scale (Collins & Read, 1990), the Behavioral Self-Regulation for Effective Relationships Scale (Wilson et al., 2005), and the Intimacy Scale (Walker & Thompson, 1983). SPSS and Amos software were used for data analysis, applying structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine direct and indirect effects. Findings: The results indicated that marital self-regulation and intimacy mediated the relationship between attachment styles and marital burnout. Avoidant and anxious attachment styles positively predicted marital burnout, while secure attachment negatively predicted it. Additionally, self-regulation and intimacy were significant mediators, with higher levels of self-regulation and intimacy associated with lower marital burnout. Avoidant and anxious attachment styles negatively influenced self-regulation and intimacy, which in turn increased marital burnout. Conclusion: The study concluded that attachment styles significantly impact marital burnout, with self-regulation and intimacy playing crucial mediating roles. Individuals with insecure attachment styles (avoidant and anxious) are more prone to marital burnout, whereas secure attachment leads to lower burnout. Interventions aimed at improving self-regulation and intimacy in couples may help mitigate the effects of insecure attachment styles on marital burnout.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the predictive roles of father involvement and mother–father coordination on child social competence in a sample of Mexican families. Methods: A correlational descriptive design was used to explore the relationships between father involvement, mother–father coordination, and social competence in children. The sample consisted of 432 parents from urban and semi-urban regions of Mexico, selected based on the Morgan and Krejcie sample size table. Standardized instruments were used to assess each variable: the Inventory of Father Involvement (IFI), the Coparenting Relationship Scale (CRS), and the Social Skills Rating System (SSRS). Data analysis was conducted using SPSS-27. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate the relationships between each independent variable and the dependent variable, and multiple linear regression was performed to determine the combined and unique predictive effects of the two independent variables on child social competence. Findings: Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that father involvement (r = .43, p < .01) and mother–father coordination (r = .47, p < .01) were both significantly and positively associated with child social competence. The multiple linear regression model was statistically significant (F(2, 429) = 61.42, p < .01), with an R² of .34, indicating that 34% of the variance in social competence was explained by the predictors. Both father involvement (B = 0.06, β = .25, p < .01) and mother–father coordination (B = 0.08, β = .31, p < .01) made significant unique contributions to the model. Conclusion: The findings highlight the critical roles of both direct paternal engagement and coordinated coparenting in fostering children’s social competence. Interventions aiming to enhance children’s social skills should incorporate strategies that support father involvement and strengthen collaborative parenting dynamics.

This study explores the impact of emotions on financial markets. Recent research highlights the role of psychological factors in financial crises. Investors, not always rational, base asset risk decisions on emotions and beliefs. Optimism, pessimism, and self-confidence influence decision making processes over time. Irrational investors can cause market prices to deviate from fundamental values. This emotional price anomaly can be seen as a persistent sentiment risk factor significantly affecting stock returns. The research investigates the effect of emotional shocks (positive and negative) on order flow imbalances and their impact on price movements. A three-stage clustering approach is used. The sample includes 172 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2021, with daily data extracted from Rahvard Navin software. Information on independent and dependent variables is analysed using a three-step clustering method to identify different time scales. Finally, regression analysis in MATLAB software is used to examine the relationship between variables within specified time intervals. The results reveal a positive relationship between positive shocks caused by order imbalances and company returns. This relationship is reversed for negative shocks. Three-stage clustering separates companies based on co-movement, revealing distinct behaviour and relationships between variables within each cluster. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of the three-step clustering method for analysing company data.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a strength-based parenting program in enhancing family cohesion and reducing marital conflicts among parents. Methods: A randomized controlled trial design was employed with 30 participants (15 in the intervention group and 15 in the control group), all of whom were parents residing in Italy. The intervention group participated in a nine-session, strength-based parenting program delivered over nine weeks, while the control group received no intervention during the study period. Both groups completed assessments at three time points: pretest, posttest, and a five-month follow-up. The standardized tools used included the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales IV (FACES IV) to measure family cohesion and the Marital Conflict Questionnaire (MCQ) to assess marital conflicts. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni post-hoc tests in SPSS version 27. Findings: The repeated measures ANOVA indicated significant time × group interaction effects for both family cohesion (F(2,56) = 16.63, p < .001, η² = .39) and marital conflicts (F(2,56) = 18.38, p < .001, η² = .41). Post-hoc comparisons revealed that the intervention group experienced significant increases in family cohesion from pretest to posttest (Mean Difference = 6.87, p < .001) and follow-up (Mean Difference = 6.14, p < .001). Similarly, marital conflicts significantly decreased in the intervention group from pretest to posttest (Mean Difference = -10.85, p < .001) and remained lower at follow-up (Mean Difference = -11.19, p < .001), with no significant changes observed in the control group. Conclusion: The strength-based parenting intervention proved effective in promoting family cohesion and reducing marital conflict over time, with sustained benefits evident at a five-month follow-up. These findings highlight the value of strengths-focused approaches in enhancing family relationships and emotional well-being.

Poetry ferments space-time travel. Engaging with poetry can disrupt the drumbeat of neoliberal temporal demands by providing a mindful opportunity for intimate connections with people we do not know. Sitting with a poet’s words can represent a pause that takes us out of one time and shifts us to another. A poem may connect the reader with people who have passed from this earth, suggesting that caring moral imagination is not circumscribed to the living. This article explores selections from Janice N. Harrington’s collection, The Hands of Strangers: Poems from the Nursing Home. Harrington’s poems delve into the physical intimacy of care workers and the cared-for, which is otherwise reserved for our society's private sphere of family settings, thereby extending the concept of poetry of witness to a small, intimate, albeit institutionalized setting that, at its core, exists to provide care to others. Specific poems are interrogated for their implications for the reader’s experience of space-time travel, including strengthening the skills of the caring imagination beyond the experience of the words. Poetry allows the reader to travel back to a witnessed event, engaging with shifts in time and space within the parameters of the poem while helping us develop our imaginative skills to continue witnessing experiences and enhance our ability to care in the present and future. The caring imagination required to engage with the poetry of witness is not a static capacity. Instead, through poetry, our imaginative skills can be further cultivated to help us empathetically space-time travel.

According to Thomas Hobbes, public should and they normally accept what they find in place just because the alternative is destabilization and chaos. In this paper, I will argue that in Farabi’s theory the government actually would put its pace forward. As Farabi saw it, the state not only is the source of some benefits but also should be and is the source of human beings’ virtue and happiness. For Farabi, the first governor of the state resembles the heart in a body, or a physician in a city. Farabi’s utopia literally meaning ‘the excellent state’, consists of five levels. On the first level stands the philosopher or the prophet. The second level includes poets, music composers, writers and the likes of them. Farabi strongly believes in the power of imagination and that most people are under the influence of their imaginative faculty. This notion has an important outcome which influences his view on religion, prophet, and their relation with the public: images, in his view, are the most powerful means of influencing the public.

The obligatory prevalence of online education during the COVID-19 pandemic has drawn researchers’ attention to the challenges involved in foreign language pedagogy in such virtual educational contexts. Against this backdrop, this study investigated the impact of online self-regulated learning, use of communication strategies, and test anxiety on Iranian English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ online speaking test performance. For this purpose, 132 EFL learners were given the e-Oxford Quick Placement Test and the speaking part of a sample A2 Key and B1 Preliminary test. Next, translated versions of the given measures were administered to the pre- and intermediate EFL learners and the obtained data were subjected to Structural Equation Modeling analyses that verified strong links between online self-regulated learning and the use of communication strategies, test anxiety and online self-regulated learning, and test anxiety and EFL learners’ use of communication strategies. Furthermore, the direct impacts of online self-regulated learning and use of communication strategies on learners’ online speaking test performance were verified; however, test anxiety was found to indirectly impact the learners’ online speaking test performance through its negative effect on EFL learners’ online self-regulated learning and use of communication strategies. In addition, online self-regulated learning turned out to be the strongest predictor of the learners’ online speaking test performance. As for the implications of the findings, it appeared that the attested model lends support to Bachman and Palmer’s (1996) language use framework illustrating test performance as a vulnerable construct affected by test takers' attributes and features of the test tasks and the impact of construct-irrelevant factors like test takers’ personal characteristics on their test performance.

Le persan et le français appartiennent à la famille linguistique indo-européenne. Ces deux langues relèvent bien entendu de branches différentes, le français est classé dans la branche indo-européenne, comprenant les langues romanes et persanes. Dans toutes les langues, les gens utilisent des proverbes dans leur communication quotidienne. Cela fait partie intégrante de la communication. Généralement, la comparaison des différences et des ressemblances entre les langues occupe un rôle primordial dans la linguistique moderne. Le présent travail étudie les schémas-images dans les proverbes français et persan dans le cadre de l’expression des sentiments et des émotions. Notre problématique peut être résumée sous la forme de la question suivante : Quels schémas-images sont utilisés pour exprimer des sentiments et des émotions dans les proverbes français et persans ? Et lesquels sont les plus courants ? Ce qui est au centre de cette recherche est donc de savoir comment les deux langues expriment des sentiments sous formes des schémas-images. L’analyse des résultats prouve que dans les proverbes des deux langues dans le domaine des émotions et des sentiments, différents types de schémas sont utilisés, et la fréquence la plus élevée est liée aux schémas de force et de mouvement.

Dans le monde littéraire contemporaine, l'œuvre d'Anna Gavalda se distingue par sa capacité à capturer les nuances de l’expérience humaine. Elle essaie de créer des protagonistes en quête d’eux-mêmes afin de pouvoir échapper aux contraintes de la société et de retrouver leur véritable essence. En outre, elle explore les méandres complexes de la psychologie humaine à travers ses personnages. C’est avec sa finesse d’observation et une profondeur émotionnelle que Gavalda donne vie à ses personnages en quête d’identité, de connexion et de sens. Etant donné que du point de vue psychique, toute création littéraire est le produit d’un stimulant et est l’expression de l’inconscient de son producteur, nous avons décidé d’analyser L’Échappée belle, Ensemble, c’est tout et La Consolante de Gavalda selon les théories psychocritiques de Charles Mauron, afin de discerner les métaphores obsédantes dans les textes et avoir accès au mythe personnel de l’auteure. Cette méthode nous révélerait ce qui, dans l’inconscient de Gavalda, la pousse à avoir de telle production littéraire féconde et attirante.