درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

The equitable distribution of income is considered as a development indicator in countries. Thus it is required to identify factors impacting the equitable distribution of income to make suitable policies to improve it. The present study aims to determine the optimal inflation rate in order to minimize income inequality by using the dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) method in Iran during 1997-2017. The results revealed the optimal inflation rate to be 3.74%. An increase or reduction in the optimal inflation rate of 3.74% enhances income inequality. Thus, the government should target the inflation rate in its policies to achieve minimum inequality. Hence, inequality fluctuations (rises and declines) will be probable.

The Khasia communities living in the Moulvibazar district, which have a matriarchal family structure, famous for betel leaf farming and unique cultural heritage, has been impacted by tourism. This study explores the impacts of tourism on their cultural practices, economic conditions, and social dynamics from different aspects and identifies long-term strategies for cultural preservation. Fieldwork was conducted in four Khasia villages in Moulvibazar to collect essential data and observe the participants’ reactions. Data collection included semi-structured interviews, participant observation, and Focus group discussions with thematic analysis using Quirkos software. Expert secondary data were used to back up the conclusions. Tourism has provided several economic opportunities like improved infrastructure and new sources of revenue; some villages are planning to use tourism to show and promote their true cultural heritage via eco-tourism and social media platforms. However, there are several challenges, and cultural commodification, environmental pollution, and social conflicts are the main concerns. Deforestation is creating a disturbance in their livelihood as they are highly dependent on nature. Some tourists also demand commercialization which is harming their cultural authenticity. Tourism presents both benefits and threats for the Khasia community. Sustainable tourism practices and community-led policies are important to strike a balance between economic benefits and cultural preservation. Long-term development can be ensured while safeguarding heritage and the environment if the Khasia people are given the power to manage their cultural representation.

Objective : The construction industry has been increasingly criticized for its poor sustainability performance in recent decades, creating a chance for the sector to play a key role in global sustainability efforts. Rapid technological advancements and increasing construction project complexities have driven the need for flexible, sustainability-focused project management frameworks. This study introduces a fuzzy inference system designed to evaluate construction project sustainability, built on insights from extensive literature and expert input. Methods : To design the proposed model, the system inputs—criteria for evaluating the sustainability level of construction projects at various layers—were first identified. Next, the necessary if-then rules were developed based on expert opinions. The system output was determined in alignment with the research’s final objective. By offering a comprehensive assessment of construction project sustainability, the model enables organizations to identify their strengths and weaknesses, assess their current position, and make informed decisions to enhance their sustainable performance.  Results : The output of the research includes a detailed analysis of the sustainability performance of construction projects. The designed model, along with its measurement tools, provides an opportunity for leaders and managers in the construction industry who are concerned about sustainability to gradually enhance their sustainability status and advance the sustainability level of projects. This model consists of three subsystems named the Direction, Execution, and Results subsystems. The aforementioned subsystems are the result of a literature review and are considered inputs to the final level of the model. Conclusion : The designed model serves as a tool to identify and implement improvement methods and potential areas for project advancement from a sustainability perspective. By utilizing this model, the quality of project execution in line with sustainability indicators, while addressing all three dimensions—economic, social, and environmental—improves continuously and proportionately.