درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Purpose: One of the important functions in the football game is the decision-making function, which should be improved and promoted. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining and comparing the effectiveness of teaching game for understanding, sports teaching and their combination on the decision-making performance in the football game of students. Methodology: The present research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design without a control group. The statistical population of this study was all male students aged 10 to 12 years in Tehran city in the fourth to sixth grades. The sample of the research was 60 people who were selected by the purposive sampling method and randomly replaced in three experimental groups. The research tool was game performance evaluation tool (G-PET), which evaluates game performance from different aspects including decision-making (passing, dribbling and shooting). The first experimental group was trained with the method of teaching game for understanding, the second experimental group was trained with the method of sports teaching 15 sessions, and the third experimental group was trained with their combination method. The data were analyzed with the methods of paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance and LSD post hoc test in SPSS version 25 software at a significance level of 0.05. Findings: The results showed that all three methods of teaching game for understanding, sports teaching and their combination improved the decision-making performance in the football game of students (P<0.001). Also, there was a significant difference between the three groups in terms of decision-making performance; So that the effectiveness of teaching game for understanding was higher in compared to sports teaching and their combination, and in addition, the effectiveness of combined teaching was higher in compared to sports teaching (P<0.001). Conclusion: According to the results of the present research, to improve the decision-making performance in the football game of students can use the method of teaching game for understanding, method of combining teaching game for understanding and sports teaching, and finally, the method of sports teaching.

It is generally perceived that serious games are more interesting to people who are more educated. But is this perception really true? This paper tries to answer this question and some other related questions to provide a clearer picture of who plays strategic games in the US. Data were taken from a large dataset of one of the PEWs surveys. The American Trends Panel is a probability-based online panel which is carried out nationally using a sample of adults in the United States living in households. This survey was fielded for the Pew Research Center by Abt Associates from April 4 to April 18, 2017. Overall, 4,168 participants completed the Wave 26 survey. The results found that in comparison with non-strategic gamers, strategic gamers are more likely to be men, more educated and wealthier, though the differences are small. It seems the old stereotypes about Sgamers and NSgamers should be re-evaluated, if we want to know how to use serious games for educational purposes. 

Purpose: The monitoring system in sports organizations plays an important role in improving their quality. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive model for improving the monitoring system in sports organizations with a mixed approach. Methodology: In terms of purpose, the research was applied and in terms of the data collection method, it was mixed and exploratory. In the qualitative phase, the sample was 16 faculty members and experts related to the field of sports management, who were selected by purposive sampling. In the quantitative phase, the sample was 200 employees of sports organizations who were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires and analyzed by coding methods and structural equation modeling. Findings: The findings of the qualitative phase showed that the comprehensive model for improving the monitoring system in sports organizations has 69 open codes in the form of 10 main categories, including productivity, administrative health, individual platforms, transparency, superstructure, infrastructure, continuous evaluation, intra-organization, extra-organization, general supervision, special And he was smart. The findings of the quantitative phase showed that for the comprehensive model of the improvement of the monitoring system in sports organizations, 9 components including productivity, administrative health, individual platforms, transparency, superstructure, infrastructure, continuous evaluation, intra-organizational, extra-organizational, were identified, the factor loadings of which were all higher than 0.40, the average The extracted variance was all higher than 0.50 and the reliability was higher than 0.80. Also, the mentioned model had a good fit and the effects were significant. Conclusion: The identified categories and components for the comprehensive model of improving the monitoring system in sports organizations can help the officials of sports organizations in providing solutions to improve the activities of the organization.

Purpose: Marketing communications allow companies to link their brands to other people, places, events, brands, experiences, feelings, and things. They can contribute to brand equity—by establishing the brand in memory and creating a brand image—as well as drive sales and even affect shareholder value. Methodology: This study aimed to investigate the integrated approach of marketing communications and its impact on tourism marketing in Soleimani Governorate. For the current study, an analytical descriptive technique employed to match the nature and circumstances of gathering reliable academic descriptions of the phenomenon's status quo while making initial assumptions.The sample size used for the study was 252 employees from the population selected at tourism organizations.The researcher used a range of statistical methods using the SPSS program and Amos Program in order to analysis data.The study showed that integrated marketing communications have become one of the most important factors on which various tourism companies rely to attract tourists, in line with the development in the surrounding environment, the aspirations of tourists and changes in the ways they deal with tourism programs.Integrated Marketing Communications is the link between tourism institutions and their target audience of tourists. Where the tourism activity is based on the role of integrated marketing communications in introducing tourists to the tourism potentials and potentials that the region enjoys. Findings: The results showed that there are no significant statistically differences among the researched organizations towards the study variable according to the difference in all their personal characteristics: gender, age, academic qualification, and years of experience. Conclusion: The results of the statistical analysis of the field side showed that more than half of the respondents in the surveyed tourism companies in the city of Sulaymaniyah in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq are males compared to females.