آرشیو

آرشیو شماره‌ها:
۳۲

چکیده

اخبار جعلی و معضل گسترش نشر آن در رسانه های اجتماعی، امروزه روزنامه نگاری موثق و اطلاع رسانی قابل اعتماد را ضعیف کرده است. ضرورت این موضوع دولت ها و اصحاب رسانه را بر آن داشت تا راهکارهای مؤثر در تشخیص اخبار جعلی را بررسی کنند. در این پژوهش به نحوه شناخت مؤلفه های اخبار جعلی در شبکه های اجتماعی بخصوص موارد مرتبط با فعالیت های اعتراض گونه پاسخ داده می شود. در این پژوهش سعی می شود مؤلفه های اخبار جعلی شبکه اینستاگرامی بی.بی.سی در اعتراض های خیابانی ایران (شهریور تا اسفند سال 1401) شناسایی شوند. محتوای خبری 60 پست اینستاگرام بر مبنای رویکرد کیفی با استفاده از روش تحلیل محتوای عرفی و معیار راستی آزمایی اخبار جعلی این پژوهش از طریق «خط ویژه خبرگزاری فارس»، سایت های «فکت نامه»، «فکت یار» صورت پذیرفت. پژوهش حاضر از جستجوی موضوعی لغات «خبر جعلی»، «اعتراض»، «مهسا امینی» در بیش از 100 صفحه مجازی شبکه اینستاگرامی بی.بی.سی فارسی در ارتباط با ناآرامی های سال 1401صورت گرفت. یافته ها و نتایج داده های1150حاصل با استفاده از نرم افزار Maxqda2022  با روش کدگذاری تحلیل شدند. به نظر می رسد هنوز ضعف در تشخیص مؤلفه های اخبار جعلی وجود دارد و در بسیاری از موارد مواجه با فضای واقعی، خوب عمل نشده است. بااین حال شبکه اینستاگرامی بی.بی.سی فارسی در انتشار سریع اخبار جعلی سال 1401 از مؤلفه هایی استفاده کرده که در گسترش اعتراضات خیابانی نقش بسیاری ایفا کرده است که می توان در 5 مقوله کلی اعتبار خبر، تشخیص اخبار جعلی، ایجاد تردید، سواد رسانه ای، تولید پتانسیل اعتراضات و اغتشاشات طبقه بندی کرد. رسانه های بیگانه به عنوان بازوی پروپاگاندای سیاه، با عصر پساحقیقت، جنگ اطلاعاتی، فریب افکار عمومی، اخبار جعلی و راستی آزمایی رابطه مفهومی پیدا می کنند.

Recognizing the components of fake news on the Persian BBC Instagram social network Street protests in Iran (September to March 1401)

Objective:Fake news and the problem of spreading it in social media have weakened reliable journalism and reliable information. The necessity of this issue has prompted governments and media to investigate effective solutions to detect fake news. How to recognize the components of fake news in social networks, especially those related to protest activities, is a problem that is answered in this research. The main purpose of the research is to identify and present the components of fake news in the spread of street protests in Iran in 2022. The sub-goals include knowing the components of fake news (political, economic, artistic, cultural, sports) and how to spread them in the spread of 2022 street protests.method: In this research, we try to identify the fake news components of the BBC Instagram network in the street protests of Iran (September to March 2022). The news content of 60 Instagram posts based on a qualitative approach and using conventional and directional content analysis method in an inductive way and the verification criteria of fake news of this research and their correct classification, through the "Special Line of Fars News Agency","Fact Nameh" sites,"Fact Yar"takes place.Findings: The data obtained from the analysis of about 60 news content with the keywords "fake news", "protest", "disturbance"; 1150 data source titles were analyzed around the main and secondary questions. 5 main categories resulting from the concepts (core codes) can be observed: 1-news credibility (news type-source) 2-creating doubt (consequences-spreading doubt) 3-producing the potential of protests and disturbances (orientation of public opinion, etc.) that have negative effects on the society and the main categories that can counter the spread of fake news: 4-Fake news detection (information war, techniques persuasiveness, etc.) and 5- media literacy (checking the video, when fake news is published, etc.)And finally, the findings showed that the activities and provocations of the foreign language Persian media, especially the BBC network, play a direct and central role in the escalation of discontent, political activism, the spread of the virus of gatherings, the mental desecration of public opinion, vandalism, tarnishing the image of the regime and officials, and It had security and military organizations. This network represented the protests of 1401 as nationwide, ideological and purposeful protests. Nevertheless, the central role of the leadership and the system of religious authority in times of crisis caused the enemies to fail in achieving their goals, because the supreme leader of the revolution through taking a stand and directing public opinion, emphasizing the national security and independence of the country, supporting the institutions security and military, emphasis on national unity and endogenous reforms should play a key role in preventing insecurity and increasing national unity.Results:The present research was conducted by thematic search of the words"fake news","protest", "Mehsa Amini" in more than 100 virtual pages of the BBC Persian Instagram network in connection with the unrest of 2022 and 1150 data were collected. Findings and data results of the obtained data were analyzed using Maxqda2022 software with the coding method.The results showed that the BBC Farsi Instagram channel in the rapid dissemination of fake news in 2022 It has used components that play a large role in the spread of street protests, which can be classified into 5 general categories as follows: credibility of news, detection of fake news, creating doubt, media literacy, generating the potential of protests and riots. Also, foreign media,as an arm of black propaganda, finds a conceptual relationship with the concepts of the post-truth era, information war, deception of public opinion, fake news and verification. 

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