درخت حوزه‌های تخصصی

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how psychological problems—such as obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety disorders, insomnia, and sleep issues—affect distance learning. Based on the experiences of experts and educators, this study will identify problems and potential solutions.Methodology: The study takes a qualitative approach, gathering and analyzing data using a phenomenological method. Twenty Ardabil primary school teachers and fourteen specialists from around Iran were among the participants, who were chosen via purposive selection until theoretical saturation was reached. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and they were done both remotely and in person. Themes from the instructors' replies were found and categorized, and their frequency and percentage were then presented. The coding approach developed by Strauss and Corbin (2008) was used to examine the replies from the professionals. Triangulation, member checking, parallel data verification, and researcher self-review were used to guarantee the correctness and reliability of the interviews.Findings: The findings revealed that teachers encountered significant psychological challenges in the context of distance learning. To address these challenges, several strategies were proposed. Subsequently, specialists were consulted regarding the identified challenges, and solutions such as establishing a structured study routine, managing rest and sleep schedules, enhancing social interactions, providing psychological support services, training in stress management techniques, introducing flexible scheduling, prioritizing physical health, delegating tasks effectively, using visual aids, incorporating regular short breaks, reducing screen time, practicing breathing and relaxation exercises, applying cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and preventing avoidance behaviors were suggested. A more detailed presentation of these solutions is provided in the findings section.Conclusion: Education stakeholders are advised to implement the suggested strategies from teachers and specialists to identify and address the psychological challenges associated with distance learning effectively.

With the increasing popularity of virtual education following the COVID-19 pandemic and the advancement of technology in education, new opportunities and challenges have entered the realm of education. So it is necessary to pay attention to the preparation of schools for this type of learning as well as the self-efficacy of teachers in using information and Communication technology (ICT) skills and the stress they experience in using technology in their jobs. The aim of the study was to investigate the role of Computer Self-Efficacy and E-Learning Readiness Mediated with Technostress in Teacher Professional Competence. This study was applied in terms of goal and fell under descriptive-correlational research in terms of data collection. The statistical population consisted of all teachers of Tehran’s District 15 working at high school levels from 2021 to 2022 (675 people), as 194 people were selected through convenience sampling. In order to collect data from Technostress and Computer Self-Efficacy questionnaire (Dong et al., 2020); E-learning Readiness questionnaire (Keramati et al., 2011); and Teacher Professional Competence questionnaire (Motahhari-Nezhad & Jahangard, 2016) were used. After calculating the scales’ reliability, data were analyzed by SPSS and LISREL Software. The results showed that: computer self-efficacy and e-learning readiness had a direct, positive and significant effect on teacher professional competence. computer self-efficacy and e-learning readiness had  a positive and significant indirect effect on teacher professional competence through technostress. Also technostress had a direct, negative and significant effect on teacher professional competence.

مقدمه: تحول در علوم انسانی با تأکید بر برنامه درسی می تواند نقش مهمی در گرایش به این رشته تحصیلی داشته باشد. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی ابعاد تحول در علوم انسانی با تاکید بر برنامه درسی در نظام آموزش عالی بود . روش کار:روش پژوهش تحلیل محتوای کیفی از نوع عرفی بود. اطلاع رسان های پژوهش حاضر متخصصان حوزه علوم تربیتی در رشته های برنامه ریزی درسی، مدیریت آموزشی و فلسفه تعلیم و تربیت که بعنوان عضو هیات علمی، در نظام آموزش عالی بودند، به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند (ملاک محور) تعداد 15 نفر انتخاب شدند و در نتیجه یافته های مصاحبه به حد اشباع رسید. ابزار گردآوری داده ها در این مرحله مصاحبه نیمه ساختارمند بوده است و تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها با استفاده از روش تحلیل مضمون ۶ مرحله ای کلارک و براون مختصات آن به دست آمده است. نتایج: پس از انجام مصاحبه ها و بررسی مضامین آنها، 16 مضامین فراگیر و 44 مضامین سازمان دهنده شناسایی شد.1- اولین مضمون تکنولوژی آموزشی (نرم افزاری، سخت افزاری)،2- نیاز سنجی (شناخت نیازها، قابلیت اجرایی)، 3- انعطاف پذیری (انطباق شرایط و موقعیت، تفکر مداوم یا پیوسته)، 4- تجهیزات و امکانات (تجهیزات فیزیکی و تجهیزات دانشی)، 5- ویژگی های فراگیران (ویژگی های فردی و توسعه شخصیتی)، 6- ویژگی های مدرسان(مدیریت کلامی، شایستگی محوری)؛ 7- ویژگی های محتوا(جامعیت، کیفیت و تنوع)، 8- روش ها و شیوه های آموزشی(اثربخشی، نوآروی و تناسب)، 9- طرح های آموزشی(استانداردها، انعطاف پذیری و کاربردی)، 10- ارزشیابی و کنترل(دریافت بازخورد، ارزشیابی، اجرایی بودن و توزیع اطلاعات)، 11- خلاقیت و نوآوری(تفکر انتقادی، ریسک پذیری و تنوع گرایی)، 12- ماموریت(اهداف بلند مدت، اهداف کوتاه مدت، آینده نگری)، 13-(مشارکت فعال، مهارت نرم و ایجاد انگیزه)، 14- پژوهش و تحقیق(سمینار و همایش، تعامل بین محقق و جامعه)، 15- حمایت و پشتیبانی(حمایت مالی، اجتماعی، ساختاری، زمانی) و در نهایت نیز آخرین مضمون یعنی16- اسنادبالادستی(قوانین موجود، معیارهای مورد نظر برنامه درسی ملی و مضامین اخلاقی) بودند. نتیجه گیری: مولفه های شناسایی شده می تواند به عنوان چهارچوبی برای ایجاد برنامه درسی مشترک در زمینه خلاقیت و همکاری در آموزش عالی، همچنین ارزش آفرینی مشترک در محیط های آموزشی همسو با موج تحولات اساسی در برنامه های درسی علوم انسانی در آموزش عالی مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

Several investigations in the psychology domain, educational psychology, and other related subjects have examined the inner voice. However, it has not been used as much in teaching foreign languages, particularly in developing learning materials. This study aimed to develop new English learning materials based on Tomlinson’s text-driven approach to enhance learners’ inner voice through instruction using the newly developed materials. The participants in this study were 40 intermediate female EFL learners, aged 20-35. All participants were selected through convenience sampling and were native speakers of Persian. The researchers then assigned the participants randomly into two experimental and control groups, each including 20 participants. Data were collected through an inner voice questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods to align with the study’s objectives, participant characteristics, and research questions. The quantitative data were statistically analyzed using SPSS (version 22), revealing that learners demonstrated a moderately high engagement with their inner voice after instruction with the newly developed materials. Qualitative insights emphasized key themes, including the natural use of English in internal thought processes, more frequent internal dialogues, and deeper mental engagement with the language. The study suggests that textbook developers and curriculum designers should consider new approaches to meet EFL learners’ psychological and cognitive needs, particularly in fostering inner voice processing for deeper engagement.