مطالب مرتبط با کلیدواژه

Challenges


۱.

Reading English in the Computer Lab(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: مطالعات کاربردی زبان سال سوم ۲۰۱۱ شماره ۲

کلیدواژه‌ها: benefits Computer-assisted Language Learning (CALL) Online Reading WebQuests Multiliteracies Electronic Literacies Challenges

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۸۳۸ تعداد دانلود : ۵۵۲
The present study compares the performance of two TEFL reading classes: one taking place in a regular classroom and the other held in a computer lab, with the learners practicing reading online. The results of an independent samples t-test showed that the difference between the learners’ scores on their reading comprehension post-tests and pretests did not differ statistically significantly from one group to the other, indicating that the two groups’ progress was similar during the one-term period of instruction. In addition to this, learner interviews and teacher observations showed that some of the challenges of practicing reading in a computer lab included an over-reliance on copy/pasting; time wasted and stress induced due to Internet/technology problems, phobia, or lack of expertise; distractions created through working with technology; and occasional lack of learners’ awareness of the benefits of online reading. Yet, despite all this, reading online seems to have benefits which make it worth all the difficulties and extra effort.
۲.

Implementing Project Work in Teaching English at High School: The Case of Vietnamese Teachers’ Challenges

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۷, Issue ۲۶, Summer ۲۰۱۹ 11-25

کلیدواژه‌ها: project-based learning EFL high school teachers Challenges

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۷۸ تعداد دانلود : ۲۲۶
Research on using project work in teaching various disciplines has pointed out a number of challenges facing teachers. Similar research in the EFL classroom, however, has been under-researched. This study aimed to fill the gap with a report on the Vietnamese high school teachers’ challenges in implementing project-based learning in the setting of curricular innovation in English instruction nationwide. The participants of the study were thirty-three EFL teachers from sixteen high schools in both rural and urban areas of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. With a questionnaire and an in-depth interview, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected. Data analysis indicated that the teachers faced major challenges in time management, adaptation of project activities, student support, and project assessment. These results provide useful implications for how innovative approaches can be successfully implemented, especially with respect to the kind of support EFL teachers need to make project-based learning more feasible in the Vietnamese educational context and similar ones.
۳.

Inspecting Mixed-Ability Group Challenges within Iranian EFL Public High Schools: An Exploratory Study

نویسنده:
منبع: international Journal of Foreign Language Teaching & Research, Volume ۷, Issue ۲۷, Autumn ۲۰۱۹ 125-145

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges Classroom Management heterogeneous classrooms teacher strategies

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۴۲۵ تعداد دانلود : ۱۷۳
The nature of heterogeneity issues within the context of Iranian, English language learning contexts in high schools is one of the under-researched lines of inquiry. For this aim, a researcher-made, Likert-type questionnaire whose items were initially validated through a multi-stage, exploratory research design among 30 teachers was distributed among some 67, Iranian EFL teachers with different degrees of experience (less vs. more) to find the teachers’ concerns/challenges and their strategies to tackle them. The findings suggested that the concerns behind heterogeneous classes were not consistent regrading weak and strong students. In the second place, it became evident that the order of tendency towards adopting the four enunciated strategies was not the same in the two less and more experienced teachers. Possible interpretations regarding teacher outlook as mapped on ‘teacher experience’ to target heterogeneity issues were presented in the end.
۴.

“I Suppose I Am Now a More Creative Teacher”: An EFL Teacher’s Journey into Creativity within Constraints(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: English Language Teaching and Learning. No. ۲۶, Fall & Winter ۲۰۲۰ 335 - 359

کلیدواژه‌ها: Creativity Constraints changes Challenges EFL teacher Narrative

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۷ تعداد دانلود : ۳۵۹
Considering the paucity of self-studies exploring English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers' journeys into becoming a creative teacher, in this qualitative action research, a mainstream Iranian teacher-researcher narrates the changes and challenges she observed while planning her creative classroom practices, implementing, and reflecting on them. While she experienced changes like going beyond the textbook, becoming a caring observer, and becoming a moment catcher, she faced constraining challenges like overcoming inner fears, showing (non)-compliance with institutional rules, and coping with situations when things did not turn out as expected. Such an insider view of teacher creativity reiterates that creativity needs to be considered not just as a set of techniques and procedures to be mastered but as an ongoing passion for renovation which should be cultivated over time despite existing constraints.
۵.

Analytical Study of Hijab in The Islamic Republic of Iran(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Contemporary Research on the Islamic Revolution, Volume ۳, Issue ۷, Winter ۲۰۲۱ 17 - 36

کلیدواژه‌ها: The Islamic Republic hijab Challenges solutions

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۹۴ تعداد دانلود : ۳۶۷
Covering and Hijab's problem after the Islamic Revolution's victory has always been one of the most critical challenges of the Islamic Republic, especially in youth, students, and society's elite. The present study investigates the crucial doubts and questions about the Hijab and expresses scientific and convincing solutions and answers with the analytical-descriptive method and library resources. While describing the history of the Hijab in Islam and the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the present study responds to the vital and new suspicions that have recently been raised by opponents of the Hijab and some anti-Islamic media. Doubts are as follows: the conflict between the Hijab and the freedom and progress of women, the lack of connection between the Hijab and innocence, the different perceptions of Muslims about the Islamic Hijab, the incorrect citation of the legality of the Hijab, etc.. Based on the results, the Islamic Hijab has no conflict with freedom (in its real sense) and never hinders the individual's growth, perfection, and maturity. Innocence and modesty accompanying Hijab can strengthen family privacy and lead to society's intellectual and spiritual health. All Islamic jurists agree on the necessity of the Hijab. There should be no confusion between the decisions of the rulers of Islamic countries and the people's behavior about Hijab, with the exact order of Islam that it is necessary to observe Hijab.
۶.

Challenges of Online Language Teaching during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Process Tracing Approach(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Teaching Language Skills (JTLS), Volume ۴۰, Issue ۳, Summer ۲۰۲۱ 159 - 195

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges Online education EFL Teacher process tracing

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۵۸۳ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۸۵۴
Having witnessed the unprecedented prevalence of online education during the COVID-19 pandemic worldwide, the present research was motivated to explore the challenges facing an EFL teacher throughout an online English course of intermediate level. To this aim, a process-tracing approach (Checkel, 2006) was employed to unravel the causal mechanisms involved in the beginning, middle, and end of the course. The results showed that deficient technological resources caused the greatest challenges throughout the course, especially in the initial and mid-sessions. Also, the two other causal categories, human and content resources, were at their peak at the beginning of the course and were no longer noticeable at the end of the course. The most troublesome challenges the teacher faced were platform limitations, internet connection, and human resources’ unpreparedness for online education. Furthermore, the teacher’s and most students’ technological knowledge, as well as their media literacy, increased by the end of the course, but some students’ rather slow adaptation to the sudden online environment challenged the teacher during the course. Finally, suggestions were made to prevent these challenges or handle them effectively upon occurrence, especially in developing countries, where the required infrastructure for online education is lacking, and the majority of teachers, students, and institutions might not be yet adequately prepared for the online mode of teaching and learning languages.
۷.

Cloud Computing Application and Its Advantages and Difficulties in the Teaching Process(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Information Technology Management , Volume ۱۱, Issue ۳, ۲۰۱۹ 29 - 45

کلیدواژه‌ها: Cloud Computing Challenges teaching

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۳۶۸ تعداد دانلود : ۹۵
The objective of this research is to identify the technology of cloud computing in terms of its concept, its development, its objectives, its components, models, classifications, and the advantages of its use in the teaching process at the University of Samarra, as well as to identify the most important challenges and obstacles that teachers face in using University of Samarra. The researcher used the descriptive approach in his research. This research was carried out on an objective sample of 40 teaching staff members in the Department of Life Sciences and English at the Faculty of Education / Samarra University. A questionnaire consisting of 22 questions were used as a data collection tool, which included two axes: The first axis: the advantages of using cloud computing technology in the process of teaching at the University of Samarra. The second axis: the challenges of using cloud computing technology in the process of teaching at the University of Samarra. The researcher used the statistical program (SPSS 20) in order to examine the differences between the responses of the members of the research sample. The results revealed that the estimates of the teaching of the advantages of the use of cloud computing technology in the teaching process at the University of Samarra, which included the search tool, came very much, and the results revealed the most important challenges which stand in the way of the use of cloud computing technology in university education. The study recommended institutions of higher learning and universities with a set of important recommendations regarding the use of cloud computing technology in educational institutions. 
۹.

Consecutive Interpretation Training: Challenges and Solutions

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Translation Studies, Vol. ۵, No. ۱, April ۲۰۲۰ 85 - 102

کلیدواژه‌ها: Consecutive Interpretation Effort Model of Consecutive Interpretation trainee-interpreters Challenges solutions

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۳۶ تعداد دانلود : ۸۴
Consecutive interpreting (CI) requires a lot of parallel cognitive and affective processes, which are challenging for the interpreter who has to deal with them concurrently . This study focuses on the problems trainee interpreters encountered intheir CI sessions. An analysis of the strategies they used to weigh whether they have been successful in completing their task is also given. The sample of the study consists of 50 senior students of Translation enrolled in CI course (English-Arabic) in the Fall Semester 2018/2019 at the Translation Department at Yarmouk University, Jordan. The Source Text (ST), which was divided into one-minute period for each time, was given to students for interpretation and then the Target Text (TT) was recorded. Most of the challenges encountered by trainee-interpreters were linguistic problems, memory problems, note-taking and reproducing the ST into the TL. It is imperative therefore that interpreter training should be as effective as possible and interpreters shoulddevelop a series of skills and strategies such as chunking and joining, shadowing, anticipating, listening and recalling and paraphrasing that can be used to solve the problems encountered.
۱۰.

Identifying challenges and effective indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes in the content of elementary textbooks (qualitative study)(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of preventive Counselling, Volume ۲, Issue ۴, February ۲۰۲۲ 61 - 75

کلیدواژه‌ها: Content Analysis indicators Challenges Entrepreneurship

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۷ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۳
The aim of this study was to identify the challenges and effective indicators in entrepreneurial attitudes in the content of elementary textbooks. The research method is applied in terms of purpose and based on how to collect qualitative data based on semi-structured interviews. The statistical population was the selection of interviewees using snowball-type purposive sampling method, which was stopped in the eleventh interview due to the repetitive text of the interviews and consensus. Based on the results of the interviews and the extraction of challenges, which consisted of 46 two concepts or items, 8 challenges in the content of science and Persian textbooks for first to third grades of elementary school were identified. Also, in the index extraction section, which consisted of 43 concepts or items, 7 effective indicators were identified in the content of science and Persian textbooks for the first to third grades of elementary school. The results showed that the challenges of lack of space and educational context, theorizing of concepts, neglect of entrepreneurship, lack of education, optional activities, lack of evaluation, lack of support from officials and lack of skills of teachers as the most important challenges of not developing attitudes, respectively. Entrepreneurship was introduced in the textbooks of the course. Also, indicators of creating and creating opportunities, self-efficacy, desire and confidence in success, talent identification, participation and interaction, operationalization and acquisition of skills, flexibility of officials were selected as the most important factors in developing entrepreneurial attitudes in elementary school textbook content.
۱۱.

Challenges of using blockchain technology in the international markets(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Information Technology Management , Volume ۱۴, Special Issue: The business value of Blockchain, challenges, and perspectives, ۲۰۲۲ 171 - 191

کلیدواژه‌ها: Blockchain International Markets meta-synthesis method Challenges

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۲۲۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳۹
Despite all blockchain's advantages, it has experienced some challenges and disadvantages. Identifying these challenges and minimizing them are important steps in advancing the goals of this technology. The purpose of this study is to investigate and identify the challenges of using blockchain technology in international markets with regard to the risks of such newfound technologies. This is an applied research in terms of purpose and a mixed research in terms of methodology. The effective factors in using blockchain technology have been discovered by the meta-synthesis method at first; then the ranking of these factors has been done by the fuzzy pairwise comparison. A systematic search was performed in the database of Science Direct, Emerald, and Google Scholar. Also, the seven-step method of Sandlowski and Barroso (2007) was applied. All the related articles and the challenges of using blockchain in international markets were identified and coded. The comparison method between the two coders was used to adjust the reliability and the kappa coefficient was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between the two codes. The findings of the extracted sources were finally proposed and 41 challenges were classified into 6 categories of technical, educational, structural, market, infrastructure and legal which divided in both internal and external areas.
۱۲.

Challenges and Opportunities of Web-based Assessment in EFL Courses as Perceived by Different Stakeholders(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۱ , N. ۲ , ۲۰۲۲ 125 - 154

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges EFL pedagogy Opportunities perceptions web-based assessment

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۲
The rapidly growing demand for incorporating the latest technological developments in language pedagogy has contributed to scholars’ devoting more serious attention to web-based assessment (WBA). That being so, this study set out to uncover perceptions of four groups of stakeholders who had been involved in WBA via Moodle since 2018 regarding its challenges and opportunities in the context of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) instruction. To this aim, a convenient sample of nine students, seven parents, eight teachers, and three curriculum designers at an Iranian private language institute was recruited to be interviewed. The results of the study suggested that the perceived challenges were the insufficient provision of technical support, lack of security, low-speed internet connection, the need for teachers’ presence during the exam, lack of provision of intrinsic incentives for learners, lack of detailed feedback, and complexity of online test development. The opportunities, on the other hand, were perceived to be well-suited computer and internet literacy, educators’ competency in the utilization of online educational resources, absence of computer and internet anxiety, provision of immediate feedback, and access to items and responses after the exam.
۱۳.

The Challenges of Learning and Practical Activities of the Undergraduate Biology Curriculum in the Coronavirus Conditions

نویسنده:
منبع: Iranian Distance Education, Volume ۴, Issue ۲, Summer & Autumn ۲۰۲۲ 87 - 99
تعداد بازدید : ۱۸۱ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۳
Learning and practical activities in biology is an important element of the curriculum, which has faced challenges and opportunities in the distance education process in the conditions of the coronavirus. The aim of the research was to identify the learning challenges and practical activities of biology professors and undergraduate students of Kabul Education University -Afghanistan in virtual classes under the Covid-19 conditions. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and grounded theory method. The research population was 36 professors and students who participated in targeted interviews of 20 men and 16 women. The results showed that (limited access to the Internet, non-implementation of practical and laboratory activities, evaluation challenges and changes in the time and place of teaching) are the things that have affected the quality of education, learning and practical activities' of biology in the Corona conditions. By creating a balanced e-learning infrastructure in all regions of the country and investing more in educational technology, can be reduced learning challenges and practical activities.
۱۴.

Policy Implications of Helicopter Emergency Medical Services in Isfahan Province(مقاله پژوهشی وزارت بهداشت)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of Rescue and Relief, Volume ۱۵, Issue ۲, Serial ۵۷ (۶-۲۰۲۳) 140-152

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges Emergency medical services (EMS) Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) Opportunities Medicopter Policy implications

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۴۷
INTRODUCTION: Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) provide medical care to critically ill patients and the injured immediately and provide faster treatment, thereby reducing the length of hospitalization. This study aimed to identify the policy implications of HEMS in Isfahan province. METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted using the thematic analysis method. The study population included the managers, personnel, and flight crews of Isfahan HEMS. The participants were selected using the purposive sampling method, followed by the snowball method. Initially, 14 individuals from the HEMS personnel were interviewed using the interview guide form, and then, the opinions of 15 participants from the flight crews were collected through an open questionnaire. Maxqda10 software was used for data coding. FINDINGS: The research findings were classified into challenges, opportunities, and implications. In terms of challenges, 11 themes and 34 categories were identified in this study. HEMS opportunities were also divided into 8 themes and 11 categories. The policy implications provided by the participants were also categorized into 8 themes and 28 categories. CONCLUSION: Considering that one of the most important known challenges was the lack of specialized helicopters and medicopters, according to the results, it is suggested that the managers of Isfahan HEMS take measures to solve the existing challenges and develop plans to strengthen the capacities and utilize the opportunities.
۱۵.

Social Media and Sports Stakeholders Challenges and Opportunities(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Journal of New Studies in Sport Management, Volume ۳, Issue ۳, September ۲۰۲۲ 494 - 508

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges Football league Opportunities social media Sport stakeholders

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲۴ تعداد دانلود : ۱۱۵
This study aimed to examine the challenges and opportunities of sports stakeholders in social media use. This study uses thematic analysis to analyze the literature on the research topic. Furthermore, semi-structured interviews were conducted with three groups of sports stakeholders, including players (N=15), teams managers (N=14), and fans (N=26) that were chosen from three professional football teams. The phenomenological method was used to explore the research questions. The study addressed seven categories of sport stakeholders' challenges and opportunities in social media: informing sports stakeholders, sharing information, advertising, shopping, dialogue, and facilitation of communication, which are offering opportunities. Moreover, two challenges, including unpleasant feelings and time consumption, are recognized as dilemmas. The findings showed common challenges and opportunities of all three sports stakeholders in using social media.  
۱۶.

Modeling the challenges affecting the internationalization of the Persian Gulf Pro League(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Sport Sciences and Health Research, Volume ۱۴, Issue ۱,۲۰۲۲ 47 - 58

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges Internationalization micro and macro environment Persian Gulf Pro League

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۶۲ تعداد دانلود : ۱۰۰
Background : Internationalization of sports leagues can have several benefits, including increased exposure to a global audience; improved competitiveness; and enhanced financial opportunities and cultural exchange. Overall, the internationalization of a sports league can help it grow, become more competitive, and reach a wider audience, leading to benefits for both the league and its fans. Aim: The main objective of this research was to develop a model of challenges affecting the internationalization of the Persian Gulf Pro League (PGPL). Materials and Methods: We conducted twenty in-depth interviews with expertise involved in the functioning of the PGPL who were recruited using a convenience sampling method. The data was analyzed using grounded theory method, including open, axial, and selective coding. During the analysis, we identified 85 codes that generated 49 general concepts. Subsequently, through further reviewing the concepts and their combination with each other, we identified twenty tow final categories that affect the internationalization of PGPL. These categories were classified into five main dimensions: political-economic; managerial; legal; technical-marketing and socio-cultural. Results : According to the research findings, it is necessary for the Iranian football managers and practitioners to first address the challenges affecting the internationalization of the PGPL and then provide the required conditions and platforms with attitude-behavioral alignment to move toward internationalization. Conclusion: The study suggests that Iranian football managers and practitioners need to address challenges hindering the internationalization of the PGPL and provide the necessary conditions and platforms to facilitate the process. By doing so, the PGPL can expand its presence and competitiveness in the global football industry, leading to growth and success.
۱۸.

Investigating High and Low Achieving Talented Students’ Strategy Use, Perceptions, and Challenges of Reading Comprehension(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: جستارهای زبانی دوره ۱۵ آذر و دی ۱۴۰۲ شماره ۵ (پیاپی ۷۷) ۱۷۱-۱۴۱

کلیدواژه‌ها: Challenges perceptions reading strategy use Reading Comprehension talented students

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۰۱ تعداد دانلود : ۷۲
The purpose of this study was twofold: to determine pre-university talented students’ perceptions, strategy use, and challenges of reading comprehension section of the university entrance exam and to investigate the difference between low and high-achieving talented readers in strategy use and attitudes to reading. The participants were 121 EFL students at pre-university centers for talented students in Borujen, Iran. The instruments were three questionnaires on reading strategy, reading attitude, and reading difficulty followed by five open-ended questions. The results revealed that talented students used metacognitive strategies more than affective and cognitive strategies; most talented readers had positive attitude to reading; and their most frequent challenges were insufficient vocabulary knowledge, inability to adapt their speed to allotted time, decentralization, and ineffective study. The results of backward stepwise binary logistic regression also indicated that high and low achieving talented readers were different in retrieval and anxiety-coping strategy use and reading self-efficacy. The findings have implications for teachers of talented students to consider their diversities and orient their teaching toward individual characteristics through providing instructional varieties.
۱۹.

Evaluating the Challenges of the Islamic Republic of Iran in Achieving Political Justice in the Legal Sphere(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Contemporary Research on the Islamic Revolution, Volume ۶, Issue ۲۰, Spring ۲۰۲۴ 65 - 45

کلیدواژه‌ها: Islamic Republic Challenges political justice law

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۹ تعداد دانلود : ۱۳
The fulfilling of justice and hence political justice as the primary goal of the Islamic Republic of Iran faces challenges as it is perceived as a significant obstacle to achieving this goal and, on the other hand, poses a threat to the efficiency of the system. Therefore, the present study focuses on the topic of law in response to the main question: ‘What challenges does the Islamic Republic of Iran face in achieving political justice in the legal sphere?’ By utilizing the conceptual framework of political justice and employing a descriptive-analytical method, the research aims to evaluate the progressive challenges of the Islamic Republic based on the current status of political justice. The findings indicated that while the conditions for equality at the level of legislation are relatively favorable, the elements of equality are not well realized at the levels of implementation and monitoring. The failure to apply and promote the element of competence in law-making is considered a barrier to achieving political justice. 
۲۰.

Training and Challenges Faced by Foreign Language Teachers During the Use of ICTs(مقاله علمی وزارت علوم)

نویسنده:
منبع: Applied Research on English Language, V. ۱۳ , N. ۳ , ۲۰۲۴ 113 - 130

کلیدواژه‌ها: teachers ICTs Training Foreign Language Challenges

حوزه های تخصصی:
تعداد بازدید : ۱۲ تعداد دانلود : ۷
Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have significantly transformed the education system in recent decades, providing new opportunities for both teachers and students and improving the quality of education. The purpose of this study is to analyze the opinions of foreign language teachers regarding the impact of ICTs in the classroom, the training acquired and the challenges faced during the teaching-learning experience. A study with a quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, and descriptive approach was carried out using a questionnaire as a data collection instrument. The final sample consisted of 117 foreign language teachers from bilingual schools of Primary and Secondary Education in Andalusia (Spain), both public and subsidized/semi-public. Specifically, 66.6% are female and 33.4% male. The results indicate that teachers believe in the positive impact that ICTs may have on the teaching-learning process, and feel highly motivated in carrying out their work through ICTs. However, teachers continue to express the need for further and continuous training and highlight the importance of technical support and how the lack of resources can undermine the quality of foreign language teaching.