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Objective: The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of attachment-based play therapy and parent-child relationship-based play therapy on internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders in children with learning disabilities. Methods: This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test, post-test, and follow-up design with a control group. A total of 45 children with learning disabilities were selected through purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups: attachment-based play therapy, parent-child relationship-based play therapy, and a control group. The study used the Achenbach and Rescorla (2001) Behavioral Disorders Questionnaire to measure internalizing and externalizing behaviors at each stage. Both experimental groups received nine 60-minute therapy sessions. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA to compare the effectiveness of the interventions. Findings: The findings indicated that both attachment-based play therapy and parent-child relationship-based play therapy significantly reduced internalizing and externalizing behavioral disorders in children with learning disabilities, with large effect sizes (η² = 0.864 and η² = 0.773, respectively). Repeated measures ANOVA and ANCOVA confirmed the interventions' effectiveness (p < 0.001), and Bonferroni post-hoc tests revealed significant differences between the experimental groups and the control group, but no significant differences between the two experimental groups. The positive effects were sustained over time, demonstrating the long-term efficacy of both therapeutic approaches. Conclusion: Both attachment-based play therapy and parent-child relationship-based play therapy effectively reduce internalizing and externalizing disorders in children with learning disabilities, with lasting effects over time.

The purpose of this article is to present a paradigm model for pink marketing and branding in sports equipment. This research has a "qualitative approach" and uses the grounded theory method. Since the review of previous researches showed that no exactly similar research has been done in this field; Therefore, the application of this theory with the method of Strauss and Corbin (1990) is justified. Theorizing in 3 states is open coding, central coding and selective coding. causal factors include social freedom, becoming an influencer in social media and  women's spontaneity; Background factors include the launch of social media marketing campaigns and increasing the power of influence and purchase of women; Intervening factors include social norms and women's self-branding and strategic factors including pink product (fit with women's taste and taste), pink price (ethical prices), pink advertisement (focusing on emotions in advertising) and pink distribution (external and internal design). Finally, by using the strategic factors of pink branding in sports equipment, we will witness social and cultural identification, targeted marketing and high acceptance. while it's common to find a product in multiple colors, pink is specifically used in gender marketing to make products available in a single version for women, providing marketers with added value.